一、電動三輪車充電指南

1．新車的初次充電方法

新車最好先充(chong)電(dian)(dian)后使用。方法是把充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流調至(zhi)14A以內，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)l5h以上。前(qian)5～l0次充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間盡量長(chang)些，這樣能使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池極板上滲透性物(wu)質充(chong)分(fen)反應(ying)，有利(li)于(yu)提高(gao)整(zheng)車行駛里程和延長(chang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的使用壽命。

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2．是否每天都需要充電

按用(yong)戶的使用(yong)習慣，一般白天使用(yong)，晚上(shang)回家充電。電動(dong)三輪車充足電可行駛80～120km，蓄電池的設計(ji)壽命為充、放(fang)電700次(ci)以上(shang)(兩年(nian))。

(1)如果行駛里程夠用(yong)，建議每天只充電一(yi)次。

(2)如果不夠(gou)用(yong)中午可補充充電一次(ci)。

(3)虧電(dian)狀態(tai)要充8h以(yi)上，如(ru)果電(dian)沒有用(yong)完(夏天行(xing)(xing)(xing)駛50km以(yi)內，冬(dong)天行(xing)(xing)(xing)駛30km以(yi)內)，視(shi)實際行(xing)(xing)(xing)駛里程可縮短充電(dian)時(shi)間，經驗證明一般(ban)行(xing)(xing)(xing)駛1h或(huo)20km，要充電(dian)2h。

(4)如果(guo)每天(tian)(tian)行(xing)(xing)駛10km以(yi)內，可(ke)2天(tian)(tian)充(chong)一(yi)次電(dian)，每次充(chong)電(dian)時間2h以(yi)上(shang)，長期這樣使用，每隔10天(tian)(tian)左右要進行(xing)(xing)一(yi)次深充(chong)電(dian)(10h以(yi)上(shang))。

3．充電器

充(chong)電(dian)器在充(chong)完電(dian)后應及時清理機器內散熱風(feng)扇上的灰塵，這樣對延長充(chong)電(dian)器的使用壽命(ming)至關重(zhong)要(yao)。

二、電動車蓄電池的使用和保養

鉛酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)是現在(zai)電(dian)動車主要(yao)采用(yong)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)不是用(yong)壞的(de)而(er)是充壞的(de)，決(jue)非(fei)危(wei)言(yan)聳聽，蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)性能好壞對蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)使用(yong)壽命和使用(yong)性能起(qi)著舉足輕重的(de)作用(yong)，必須重視(shi)。

1、蓄電池的放電深度對蓄電池循環使用壽命影響很大，這是因為放電深度越深，電極膨脹收縮量越大，正極的活性物質脫落越多，從而失去放電特性，性能下降，直至壽命終止。所以蓄電池使用時(shi)應(ying)盡量(liang)避免(mian)深度放電，做到(dao)淺放勤充，一般情況應(ying)做到(dao)：蓄(xu)電池以放電深度為50%-70%時(shi)充一次電最佳。

2、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后，繼(ji)續放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）會嚴重(zhong)損(sun)害蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)因(yin)為此(ci)時極易(yi)形成不可逆硫酸(suan)鹽(yan)化，從而使充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復能(neng)力變差，甚至(zhi)無法修復。所以蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用時應(ying)(ying)防止過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，“欠壓(ya)保護(hu)”是(shi)(shi)有效的(de)措施。“欠壓(ya)保護(hu)”措施是(shi)(shi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)控(kong)制的(de)，但因(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)儀表和(he)指示燈等耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)不受控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)控(kong)制，所以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)鎖(suo)一旦合(he)上(shang)就(jiu)(jiu)開(kai)始(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，雖然電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小，但若長時間(jian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池就(jiu)(jiu)會出現過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。因(yin)此(ci)，不得長時間(jian)開(kai)鎖(suo)，不用時應(ying)(ying)立即關(guan)掉(diao)。

3、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)應小于或等于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池可(ke)以(yi)(yi)接受的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，否則(ze)，過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)產生的(de)過剩電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)水液(ye)過快(kuai)地消耗掉，并產生嚴重的(de)析氣現象，時間(jian)長了將使充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變得十分困難，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時因盡可(ke)能防止過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。正規廠家生產的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器可(ke)確保(bao)不對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4、鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)尤其怕虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)放(fang)置(zhi)3-7天，將(jiang)有可能永(yong)久(jiu)損壞，因此，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用(yong)過后請盡快充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對于長期不使用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，應每隔15天左右對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)次(ci)，以補償電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)存放(fang)時的自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量損失。

5、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在高溫(wen)季節運(yun)行(xing)，主(zhu)要存在過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)問題。因此，夏(xia)天應(ying)盡(jin)量(liang)降(jiang)低(di)(di)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度，保證良好的(de)散熱，防(fang)(fang)止在烈(lie)日(ri)暴曬后即充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，并(bing)應(ying)遠(yuan)離(li)熱源。在低(di)(di)溫(wen)情況下(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)要存在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)接受能力差、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不足造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)問題。低(di)(di)溫(wen)時應(ying)采(cai)取保溫(wen)防(fang)(fang)凍措施，特(te)別是充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時應(ying)放在溫(wen)暖的(de)環境中(zhong)，有利于保證充(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)，防(fang)(fang)止不可逆硫酸鹽(yan)化的(de)產生，延(yan)長蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)使用(yong)壽(shou)命。

6、一般情況下，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)深度較大的蓄電(dian)(dian)池使用壽(shou)命在(zai)1年左右(you)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)深度在(zai)50%-70%的蓄電(dian)(dian)池壽(shou)命在(zai)1年半左右(you)。