一、電動三輪車充電指南

1．新車的初次充電方法

新車(che)最好先充(chong)電(dian)(dian)后使用。方(fang)法是(shi)把充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流調至14A以內，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)l5h以上(shang)。前5～l0次(ci)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間(jian)盡量長(chang)些，這樣能使蓄電(dian)(dian)池極(ji)板上(shang)滲透性(xing)物質充(chong)分(fen)反(fan)應，有(you)利于提高整(zheng)車(che)行駛(shi)里程和延長(chang)蓄電(dian)(dian)池的使用壽命。

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2．是否每天都需要充電

按用戶的(de)使用習慣，一般(ban)白天使用，晚上回家充電。電動三輪車(che)充足電可行駛80～120km，蓄電池的(de)設計壽命(ming)為充、放電700次以上(兩年)。

(1)如果(guo)行(xing)駛里(li)程夠用，建議每天(tian)只充電一次。

(2)如(ru)果不(bu)夠用中午可補(bu)充充電一次。

(3)虧電(dian)狀態要充(chong)8h以上，如果(guo)電(dian)沒有用完(夏天行駛50km以內，冬天行駛30km以內)，視實(shi)際行駛里程可縮短充(chong)電(dian)時間，經驗(yan)證(zheng)明一般行駛1h或20km，要充(chong)電(dian)2h。

(4)如(ru)果每(mei)天(tian)行駛10km以(yi)(yi)(yi)內，可2天(tian)充(chong)一次(ci)電(dian)，每(mei)次(ci)充(chong)電(dian)時間2h以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)，長期這樣使(shi)用，每(mei)隔10天(tian)左右(you)要進行一次(ci)深(shen)充(chong)電(dian)(10h以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang))。

3．充電器

充電器(qi)在充完電后應及時清理機(ji)器(qi)內(nei)散熱風扇上的灰塵，這樣對延長充電器(qi)的使用壽命至(zhi)關重要。

二、電動車蓄電池的使用和保養

鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)是(shi)現(xian)在電(dian)動車主要(yao)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)的電(dian)池(chi)，蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)不是(shi)用(yong)(yong)壞(huai)(huai)的而是(shi)充(chong)壞(huai)(huai)的，決非危言(yan)聳聽，蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)性能好壞(huai)(huai)對蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命和使(shi)用(yong)(yong)性能起著舉足輕重(zhong)的作用(yong)(yong)，必須重(zhong)視。

1、蓄電池的放電深度對蓄電池循環使用壽命影響很大，這是因為放電深度越深，電極膨脹收縮量越大，正極的活性物質脫落越多，從而失去放電特性，性能下降，直至壽命終止。所以蓄電池使用時應盡量避免深度放(fang)電，做到(dao)淺放(fang)勤充，一般情(qing)況應做到(dao)：蓄電池以放(fang)電深度為50%-70%時充一次電最佳。

2、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后，繼續放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）會嚴重損害蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，這是(shi)因為此時(shi)極易(yi)形成(cheng)不(bu)可逆硫酸鹽化，從而使充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復(fu)能力變差，甚至無(wu)法修(xiu)復(fu)。所(suo)以蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用時(shi)應(ying)防止過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，“欠壓(ya)保護”是(shi)有效的措(cuo)施。“欠壓(ya)保護”措(cuo)施是(shi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)控(kong)制的，但(dan)因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)儀表和(he)指(zhi)示燈等耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)不(bu)受(shou)控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)控(kong)制，所(suo)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)鎖(suo)一旦(dan)合上就開始用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，雖(sui)然(ran)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小(xiao)，但(dan)若(ruo)長時(shi)間(jian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池就會出現過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。因此，不(bu)得(de)長時(shi)間(jian)開鎖(suo)，不(bu)用時(shi)應(ying)立即關掉(diao)。

3、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)應小于(yu)或等于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池可(ke)(ke)以接受的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，否則，過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)產生(sheng)的(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)剩電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)解水液(ye)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)快地(di)消耗掉(diao)，并產生(sheng)嚴重的(de)析氣現象，時間(jian)長(chang)了(le)將使充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變得十分困難(nan)，所以充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時因盡可(ke)(ke)能防止過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。正規廠家生(sheng)產的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器可(ke)(ke)確保(bao)不對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4、鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)尤其怕虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)置(zhi)3-7天，將(jiang)有可能永久損(sun)(sun)壞，因(yin)此，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用過后請盡快(kuai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)于長期不使用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，應每隔15天左右對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)次，以(yi)補償電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)存(cun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)時的自(zi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量損(sun)(sun)失。

5、蓄電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)季節運行，主要(yao)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)過(guo)充電(dian)的(de)問(wen)(wen)題。因此，夏天應(ying)盡量降低(di)蓄電(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)，保(bao)證(zheng)良好的(de)散熱(re)(re)，防(fang)止在(zai)(zai)烈日暴(bao)曬后即充電(dian)，并應(ying)遠離熱(re)(re)源。在(zai)(zai)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)情(qing)況下，充電(dian)主要(yao)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)充電(dian)接受能力差、充電(dian)不足造成電(dian)池(chi)虧電(dian)的(de)問(wen)(wen)題。低(di)溫(wen)(wen)時(shi)應(ying)采取(qu)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)防(fang)凍措施(shi)，特別是(shi)充電(dian)時(shi)應(ying)放在(zai)(zai)溫(wen)(wen)暖(nuan)的(de)環境(jing)中，有利于(yu)保(bao)證(zheng)充足電(dian)，防(fang)止不可逆硫酸鹽(yan)化的(de)產生，延長蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)使(shi)用壽命。

6、一(yi)般情況下(xia)，放電(dian)深度(du)較(jiao)大的蓄(xu)電(dian)池使用壽命在1年(nian)左(zuo)右，放電(dian)深度(du)在50%-70%的蓄(xu)電(dian)池壽命在1年(nian)半(ban)左(zuo)右。