一、電動三輪車充電指南

1．新車的初次充電方法

新車最(zui)好先充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)后使用。方(fang)法是(shi)把充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流調(diao)至(zhi)14A以內，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)l5h以上。前5～l0次(ci)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時間(jian)盡量(liang)長些(xie)，這樣能使蓄電(dian)池(chi)極板上滲(shen)透性物質充(chong)(chong)(chong)分反應，有(you)利于提高整(zheng)車行駛(shi)里程和延(yan)長蓄電(dian)池(chi)的使用壽命。

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2．是否每天都需要充電

按用戶的使用習慣，一般白天使用，晚上回家充電。電動三輪(lun)車充足(zu)電可行(xing)駛80～120km，蓄(xu)電池的設計壽命為(wei)充、放電700次以上(兩年(nian))。

(1)如果行駛里(li)程夠(gou)用，建議每天(tian)只充電一次。

(2)如果(guo)不夠用中午可補充(chong)充(chong)電一次。

(3)虧電狀態要(yao)充8h以上，如果電沒(mei)有(you)用(yong)完(夏天行(xing)駛(shi)50km以內，冬天行(xing)駛(shi)30km以內)，視實際(ji)行(xing)駛(shi)里(li)程可縮短充電時(shi)間，經驗證(zheng)明一般行(xing)駛(shi)1h或20km，要(yao)充電2h。

(4)如果每天(tian)(tian)(tian)行駛10km以內，可2天(tian)(tian)(tian)充一次電(dian)，每次充電(dian)時間2h以上(shang)，長期這樣使(shi)用，每隔10天(tian)(tian)(tian)左右要進行一次深充電(dian)(10h以上(shang))。

3．充電器

充電(dian)器(qi)在充完(wan)電(dian)后應及時清理機(ji)器(qi)內散熱風扇上的(de)(de)灰塵，這樣對延長充電(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)使用壽命至關重要。

二、電動車蓄電池的使用和保養

鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池是(shi)現在電(dian)動(dong)車(che)主要采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)電(dian)池，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池不是(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壞的(de)而是(shi)充壞的(de)，決(jue)非危言聳聽，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池充電(dian)性能好(hao)壞對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命和使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)性能起(qi)著舉足(zu)輕重(zhong)的(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)，必須重(zhong)視。

1、蓄電池的放電深度對蓄電池循環使用壽命影響很大，這是因為放電深度越深，電極膨脹收縮量越大，正極的活性物質脫落越多，從而失去放電特性，性能下降，直至壽命終止。所以蓄電池使用時應盡量避免深(shen)(shen)度放電(dian)，做到淺放勤充(chong)，一般(ban)情況應做到：蓄電(dian)池以放電(dian)深(shen)(shen)度為50%-70%時充(chong)一次電(dian)最(zui)佳(jia)。

2、蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓后，繼續(xu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）會(hui)嚴重(zhong)損(sun)害蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)因為此時(shi)極易形(xing)成不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)逆(ni)硫酸鹽化，從而使(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復能力變(bian)差，甚至無法修復。所以蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)應(ying)防止(zhi)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，“欠壓保護(hu)(hu)”是(shi)(shi)有效的措施(shi)。“欠壓保護(hu)(hu)”措施(shi)是(shi)(shi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)控(kong)制器控(kong)制的，但因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)儀表和指示燈等耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器不(bu)(bu)(bu)受控(kong)制器控(kong)制，所以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)鎖(suo)(suo)一旦(dan)合(he)上就(jiu)開始用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，雖(sui)然(ran)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)小，但若長時(shi)間放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)會(hui)出現過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。因此，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得長時(shi)間開鎖(suo)(suo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)時(shi)應(ying)立即關掉。

3、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流應小于或等(deng)于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池可(ke)(ke)以接(jie)受(shou)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，否則，過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產生的(de)過剩(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水液(ye)過快地消耗(hao)掉，并產生嚴(yan)重的(de)析(xi)氣(qi)現象(xiang)，時間(jian)長了(le)將使充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變得十(shi)分困難，所以充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時因盡(jin)可(ke)(ke)能防(fang)止過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。正規廠(chang)家生產的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)可(ke)(ke)確保不對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4、鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)尤其怕虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)置3-7天(tian)，將(jiang)有可(ke)能永久損壞，因此(ci)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用(yong)過后請(qing)盡快充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。對于長期不(bu)使(shi)用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，應每(mei)隔15天(tian)左右對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)一次，以補償電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)存(cun)放(fang)時的自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量損失。

5、蓄電(dian)池在高溫(wen)(wen)季節運行，主要存在過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)問題(ti)。因(yin)此，夏天應(ying)(ying)盡量降低(di)蓄電(dian)池溫(wen)(wen)度，保(bao)證良好的(de)散熱，防止(zhi)在烈日暴曬后即充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，并應(ying)(ying)遠離(li)熱源。在低(di)溫(wen)(wen)情況下，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)主要存在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)接受能力差、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)不足造成電(dian)池虧電(dian)的(de)問題(ti)。低(di)溫(wen)(wen)時(shi)應(ying)(ying)采取保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)防凍措施(shi)，特別是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)應(ying)(ying)放在溫(wen)(wen)暖的(de)環境(jing)中(zhong)，有利于保(bao)證充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)，防止(zhi)不可逆硫酸鹽化的(de)產生，延長蓄電(dian)池的(de)使(shi)用壽命(ming)。

6、一般情況下，放電(dian)深(shen)度(du)較大的蓄電(dian)池使用(yong)壽(shou)命在1年左(zuo)右，放電(dian)深(shen)度(du)在50%-70%的蓄電(dian)池壽(shou)命在1年半(ban)左(zuo)右。