【溫(wen)泉(quan)形成原(yuan)因】溫(wen)泉(quan)的形成原(yuan)因 天然溫(wen)泉(quan)是怎么(me)形成的
溫(wen)泉的(de)(de)形成(cheng)原(yuan)因(yin) 溫(wen)泉的(de)(de)是如何形成(cheng)的(de)(de)
一、溫泉的形成原因 溫泉的是如何形成的
溫泉的形成,一般而言可(ke)分為兩種:
一種是地殼內(nei)部(bu)的(de)巖漿作用所形成,或為火山噴發所伴隨產(chan)生,火山活動過的(de)死(si)火山地形區,因地殼板塊運(yun)動隆(long)起(qi)的(de)地表,其地底(di)下(xia)還有未冷卻(que)的(de)巖漿,均會(hui)不斷地釋(shi)放出(chu)大量(liang)的(de)熱(re)能(neng)由于(yu)此(ci)類熱(re)源之熱(re)量(liang)集(ji)中,因此(ci)只要(yao)附近有孔隙(xi)的(de)含水(shui)巖層,不僅(jin)會(hui)受熱(re)成為高溫的(de)熱(re)水(shui),而且(qie)大部(bu)份會(hui)沸騰為蒸(zheng)氣,多為硫酸鹽泉。
溫泉的形(xing)(xing)成原(yuan)因 溫泉的是如何形(xing)(xing)成的
二則是(shi)受地(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滲(shen)透循環作用所形(xing)成(cheng)。也就是(shi)說當雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)降到(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)向下(xia)(xia)滲(shen)透,深(shen)(shen)(shen)入到(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)殼深(shen)(shen)(shen)處(chu)的(de)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)形(xing)成(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),(砂(sha)巖、礫巖、火山(shan)(shan)巖、這(zhe)些良(liang)好(hao)的(de)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng))。地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)受下(xia)(xia)方(fang)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)熱加(jia)熱成(cheng)為熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),深(shen)(shen)(shen)部熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)多(duo)數含有(you)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti),這(zhe)些氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)以(yi)二氧化碳(tan)為主,當熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)度升(sheng)高(gao)(gao),上(shang)面若(ruo)有(you)致密、不(bu)透水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)巖層(ceng)(ceng)阻擋去路,會使(shi)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)愈(yu)來愈(yu)高(gao)(gao),以(yi)致熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、蒸氣(qi)(qi)處(chu)于(yu)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)狀態,一有(you)裂(lie)縫即(ji)竄涌(yong)(yong)而(er)上(shang)。熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)上(shang)升(sheng)后愈(yu)接近地(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)則逐漸(jian)減(jian)(jian)少,由于(yu)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)漸(jian)減(jian)(jian)而(er)使(shi)所含氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)逐漸(jian)膨(peng)脹(zhang),減(jian)(jian)輕熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)密度,這(zhe)些膨(peng)脹(zhang)的(de)蒸氣(qi)(qi)更有(you)利于(yu)熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)上(shang)升(sheng)。上(shang)升(sheng)的(de)熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)再(zai)與下(xia)(xia)沉較遲受熱的(de)冷水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)因密度不(bu)同所產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(靜(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)差)反復循環產(chan)生(sheng)對(dui)流,在(zai)開放性裂(lie)隙(xi)(xi)阻力(li)較小(xiao)的(de)情況下(xia)(xia),循裂(lie)隙(xi)(xi)上(shang)升(sheng)涌(yong)(yong)出(chu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao),熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)即(ji)可(ke)源源不(bu)絕(jue)涌(yong)(yong)升(sheng),終至(zhi)流出(chu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面,形(xing)成(cheng)溫(wen)泉(quan)。在(zai)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)深(shen)(shen)(shen)谷(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)配合(he)下(xia)(xia),谷(gu)(gu)底(di)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)可(ke)能較高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan),中(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)低,因此深(shen)(shen)(shen)谷(gu)(gu)谷(gu)(gu)底(di)可(ke)能為靜(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)差最(zui)大之處(chu),而(er)熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)上(shang)涌(yong)(yong)也應以(yi)自谷(gu)(gu)底(di)涌(yong)(yong)出(chu)的(de)可(ke)能性最(zui)大,溫(wen)泉(quan)大多(duo)發生(sheng)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)谷(gu)(gu)中(zhong)河(he)床上(shang)。
二、溫泉形成的條件
1、地(di)下必(bi)須有熱水存在(zai)(地(di)底有熱源存在(zai));
2、必(bi)須(xu)有(you)靜水(shui)壓力差導(dao)致熱水(shui)上涌(yong)(巖層中具裂隙讓溫泉涌(yong)出);
3、巖(yan)石中(zhong)必須有深長裂隙供(gong)熱(re)水(shui)通達地面(地層中(zhong)有儲存熱(re)水(shui)的空(kong)間)。