中文名稱：華北地區

地理位置：中國北部

下轄地區：北(bei)京市、天津市、河(he)北(bei)省(sheng)、山(shan)西省(sheng)、內蒙(meng)古自治區(qu)

方 言：北方官話、晉語

主要民族：漢(han)族為主，蒙古族、朝鮮(xian)、回、滿、達(da)斡(wo)爾、鄂(e)溫克(ke)、鄂(e)倫春等(deng)民族

氣候條件：溫帶季風氣候

地理環境：平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)為主；西起太行山、東至渤海黃海，還有黃土高原(yuan)(yuan)、草原(yuan)(yuan)沙(sha)漠地區(qu)

飲食習慣：一日3餐，面食為主；蔬菜不(bu)是太多；海鮮較多

華北十大城市：北(bei)京丨(shu)天津丨(shu)石(shi)家莊丨(shu)唐山丨(shu)太原丨(shu)包頭丨(shu)呼和浩(hao)特(te)丨(shu)邯鄲丨(shu)保定丨(shu)大同

著名景點：故宮(gong)、頤和園、五臺山、天津之(zhi)眼、平(ping)遙古城、洪洞大槐樹等

機 場：北京(jing)首都國(guo)(guo)際(ji)機場、天(tian)津濱海國(guo)(guo)際(ji)機場、石家莊正定(ding)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)機場等

火車站：北京(jing)西站、北京(jing)南站、天津站、石家莊站、太原南站、呼(hu)和浩特站等

地理環(huan)境

版圖(tu)地(di)理(li)(li)的(de)華(hua)北(bei)地(di)區包括四(si)個自然(ran)地(di)理(li)(li)單元：東部的(de)遼東山東低山丘陵(ling)，中部的(de)黃(huang)(huang)淮海(hai)平(ping)原和遼河下(xia)游平(ping)原，西部的(de)黃(huang)(huang)土高原和北(bei)部的(de)冀北(bei)山地(di)。

遼東以犄角之勢(shi)環抱渤(bo)海(hai)。半島上的(de)(de)山(shan)地(di)丘陵海(hai)拔大多在(zai)500米左右，只有少數山(shan)峰超(chao)過(guo)1000米，山(shan)勢(shi)雖不高，但(dan)對(dui)海(hai)洋(yang)季風的(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)卻有一定(ding)的(de)(de)影(ying)響，構(gou)成華北(bei)地(di)區海(hai)陸間的(de)(de)第一道地(di)形(xing)屏障(zhang)(zhang)。中部廣闊的(de)(de)黃淮海(hai)平原(yuan)和遼河下游平原(yuan)，地(di)勢(shi)低平，海(hai)拔一般不超(chao)過(guo)50米，黃淮海(hai)平原(yuan)北(bei)緣(yuan)的(de)(de)冀北(bei)山(shan)地(di)和西緣(yuan)的(de)(de)太(tai)行(xing)山(shan)海(hai)拔600—1000米，構(gou)成華北(bei)地(di)區第二道地(di)形(xing)屏障(zhang)(zhang)，進一步阻擋海(hai)洋(yang)濕潤(run)氣流的(de)(de)向西延伸，加強(qiang)了華北(bei)地(di)區自然景(jing)觀的(de)(de)東西差(cha)異。

氣候(hou)特征

我國華北地區主(zhu)要為溫(wen)帶(dai)季風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)。夏季高溫(wen)多雨(yu)，冬季寒冷干(gan)燥(zao)。年平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)在8°C-13°C左(zuo)右。年降(jiang)水量(liang)在400-1000mm左(zuo)右。內(nei)蒙古自(zi)治區降(jiang)水量(liang)少(shao)于(yu)400mm，為半干(gan)旱區域。

所在區域

從丹東、阜(fu)新(xin)、彰武、張(zhang)北(bei)(bei)、右玉(yu)、榆林、定邊，中(zhong)寧至(zhi)(zhi)烏鞘嶺一(yi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，此(ci)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)南(nan)大(da)部分(fen)(fen)屬暖溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶，作物(wu)(wu)二年三(san)熟，黃土(tu)廣泛(fan)分(fen)(fen)布。華北(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)區的西界，自烏鞘嶺以(yi)(yi)南(nan)沿(yan)祁連山東麓、洮河(he)以(yi)(yi)西至(zhi)(zhi)白龍江(jiang)，大(da)致以(yi)(yi)3000米等(deng)高(gao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)青藏高(gao)原(yuan)相(xiang)(xiang)接。南(nan)界為(wei)著(zhu)名的秦嶺淮河(he)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，相(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)于≥10℃積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)4500℃、1月(yue)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)O℃等(deng)值線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、800毫米年等(deng)降水(shui)量(liang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、亞熱帶與(yu)暖溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶分(fen)(fen)界線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶季風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)與(yu)亞熱帶季風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)分(fen)(fen)界線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、濕(shi)潤(run)地(di)(di)區與(yu)半濕(shi)潤(run)地(di)(di)區分(fen)(fen)界線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，并且是北(bei)(bei)方與(yu)南(nan)方地(di)(di)區的分(fen)(fen)界。夏季長達6~9個月(yue)，具體界線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)秦嶺北(bei)(bei)麓，經(jing)伏牛山，淮河(he)至(zhi)(zhi)蘇北(bei)(bei)灌溉總渠。亞熱帶作物(wu)(wu)逾越此(ci)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)則不(bu)能(neng)正常(chang)生(sheng)長，各種自然現象在(zai)這條線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的兩側(ce)都有(you)顯著(zhu)差異，是我國自然地(di)(di)理上的一(yi)條重要分(fen)(fen)界線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

北京市(shi)

北(bei)(bei)京，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民(min)(min)共和(he)國(guo)首(shou)都(dou)、直轄市和(he)國(guo)家中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)市，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的政治中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)、文(wen)(wen)化中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)經(jing)濟、金融的決策(ce)和(he)管理中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民(min)(min)共和(he)國(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央人(ren)民(min)(min)政府和(he)全(quan)國(guo)人(ren)民(min)(min)代表大會所在地(di)，具有(you)(you)(you)重要的國(guo)際影響力，也(ye)是世(shi)界上最大的城(cheng)(cheng)市之一。北(bei)(bei)京位于華北(bei)(bei)平(ping)原的西北(bei)(bei)邊(bian)緣，背靠燕(yan)山(shan)，有(you)(you)(you)永定河流經(jing)老(lao)城(cheng)(cheng)西南，毗(pi)鄰天津市、河北(bei)(bei)省。北(bei)(bei)京是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)“四大古都(dou)”之一，擁有(you)(you)(you)6項(xiang)世(shi)界遺產，是世(shi)界上擁有(you)(you)(you)文(wen)(wen)化遺產項(xiang)目(mu)數最多的城(cheng)(cheng)市，是一座有(you)(you)(you)三千余(yu)年建城(cheng)(cheng)歷(li)史(shi)、八(ba)百六十余(yu)年建都(dou)史(shi)的歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化名城(cheng)(cheng)，擁有(you)(you)(you)眾多歷(li)史(shi)名勝(sheng)古跡和(he)人(ren)文(wen)(wen)景觀。

天(tian)津市

天津(jin)(jin)，簡稱津(jin)(jin)，中(zhong)華(hua)人民共(gong)和(he)國直轄(xia)市、國家中(zhong)心城(cheng)市、

中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)北(bei)(bei)方經濟(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)、環渤海地(di)(di)區(qu)經濟(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)北(bei)(bei)方國(guo)(guo)際航運中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)北(bei)(bei)方國(guo)(guo)際物流中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)、國(guo)(guo)際港口城(cheng)市(shi)和生態城(cheng)市(shi)、國(guo)(guo)際航運融資中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥研(yan)發中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)、亞太(tai)區(qu)域(yu)海洋儀器檢測評價中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)。天津地(di)(di)處華(hua)北(bei)(bei)平(ping)原(yuan)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)，自古因(yin)漕運而興起，明永樂二年(nian)十(shi)(shi)一月(yue)二十(shi)(shi)一日(ri)（1404年(nian)12月(yue)23日(ri)）正式筑(zhu)城(cheng)，是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古代有(you)確切建城(cheng)時間記(ji)錄的城(cheng)市(shi)。

河北省

河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，簡稱(cheng)冀，舊稱(cheng)直(zhi)隸(li)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，直(zhi)隸(li)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)城為(wei)保定，自金元(yuan)起為(wei)京(jing)畿重地(di)，河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)在戰(zhan)國時期大(da)部(bu)分(fen)屬(shu)于趙(zhao)國和燕(yan)國，所以河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)又被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)燕(yan)趙(zhao)之地(di)。河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地(di)處華(hua)北(bei)(bei)(bei)，漳河(he)(he)以北(bei)(bei)(bei)，東臨(lin)渤海、內(nei)環京(jing)津，西(xi)為(wei)太行山(shan)(shan)地(di)，北(bei)(bei)(bei)為(wei)燕(yan)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)地(di)，燕(yan)山(shan)(shan)以北(bei)(bei)(bei)為(wei)張(zhang)北(bei)(bei)(bei)高原，其余為(wei)河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)平原，面積為(wei)18.88萬平方千米(mi)。東南部(bu)、南部(bu)銜(xian)山(shan)(shan)東、河(he)(he)南兩省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，西(xi)倚(yi)太行山(shan)(shan)與(yu)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)鄰，西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)與(yu)內(nei)蒙古自治區交界(jie)，東北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)與(yu)遼寧(ning)接壤。現(xian)轄(xia)石家莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、秦皇島、唐山(shan)(shan)、保定、邢臺、邯鄲、廊(lang)坊、滄(cang)州、張(zhang)家口、衡水、承德，省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)會石家莊(zhuang)(zhuang)。

山西省

山西省，簡稱晉(jin)，位于(yu)太行山之西，黃河以東。

山西因居(ju)太(tai)行山之西而得名，自古被(bei)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“表(biao)里山河”，有文(wen)(wen)(wen)字記載的歷史達三千年，被(bei)譽(yu)為(wei)(wei)“華夏文(wen)(wen)(wen)明搖籃”，素有“中國古代文(wen)(wen)(wen)化博物館”之稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。春秋時期，大(da)部分地(di)區為(wei)(wei)晉(jin)(jin)國所(suo)有，所(suo)以簡稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“晉(jin)(jin)”；戰國初(chu)期，韓、趙、魏三家分晉(jin)(jin)，因而又(you)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“三晉(jin)(jin)”。現(xian)轄太(tai)原、大(da)同、朔州、忻州、晉(jin)(jin)中、陽泉、呂梁、長治、臨汾、晉(jin)(jin)城、運(yun)城等11個(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)級市(shi)，11個(ge)(ge)(ge)縣級市(shi)，85個(ge)(ge)(ge)縣，23個(ge)(ge)(ge)市(shi)轄區，省會(hui)太(tai)原市(shi)。

內蒙(meng)古自治區(qu)

內蒙古自治區(qu)位于中(zhong)國北(bei)部邊疆，由東(dong)(dong)北(bei)向西(xi)南(nan)斜伸，呈狹長形，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)直線(xian)距離2400公(gong)里，南(nan)北(bei)跨(kua)度(du)1700公(gong)里，橫跨(kua)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)、華北(bei)、西(xi)北(bei)三大(da)區(qu)。華北(bei)地(di)(di)區(qu)行政上包(bao)括(kuo)內蒙古中(zhong)部的(de)呼(hu)和(he)浩(hao)特市(shi)、烏蘭察布市(shi)（其他地(di)(di)區(qu)地(di)(di)理上分屬東(dong)(dong)北(bei)、西(xi)北(bei)）

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耳朵眼炸(zha)糕丨鍋巴菜丨煎餅果子(zi)丨天津(jin)木雕丨天津(jin)風(feng)箏丨天津(jin)剪紙丨楊柳青年畫丨葡萄(tao)啤酒丨火腿腸丨十八(ba)街(jie)麻花丨狗不理包子(zi)

河北特產小吃

水晶餅(bing)丨(shu)(shu)絲糕丨(shu)(shu)趙(zhao)州雪(xue)花梨(li)丨(shu)(shu)興隆紅果丨(shu)(shu)長城干(gan)白(bai)葡萄(tao)酒丨(shu)(shu)御(yu)土荷葉雞丨(shu)(shu)唐山陶瓷(ci)丨(shu)(shu)永佳(jia)木雕(diao)丨(shu)(shu)滄(cang)州金絲小棗丨(shu)(shu)宣化葡萄(tao)丨(shu)(shu)京東板栗丨(shu)(shu)涉縣核桃(tao)丨(shu)(shu)口蘑(mo)丨(shu)(shu)祁州藥材丨(shu)(shu)沙北血杞丨(shu)(shu)邯鄲叢臺大曲(qu)丨(shu)(shu)丨(shu)(shu)白(bai)洋淀松花蛋

山西(xi)特產(chan)小吃(chi)

平(ping)(ping)遙牛肉丨(shu)(shu)(shu)山西(xi)潞麻丨(shu)(shu)(shu)垣曲猴頭丨(shu)(shu)(shu)稷山棗丨(shu)(shu)(shu)臨漪醬玉瓜丨(shu)(shu)(shu)侯馬蝴蝶杯丨(shu)(shu)(shu)山西(xi)老陳醋(cu)丨(shu)(shu)(shu)大(da)同(tong)皮毛丨(shu)(shu)(shu)汾(fen)酒丨(shu)(shu)(shu)晉(jin)祠大(da)米(mi)丨(shu)(shu)(shu)沁州黃米(mi)丨(shu)(shu)(shu)大(da)同(tong)黃花丨(shu)(shu)(shu)平(ping)(ping)順(shun)花椒丨(shu)(shu)(shu)上黨(dang)連翹丨(shu)(shu)(shu)平(ping)(ping)陸百合丨(shu)(shu)(shu)竹葉青酒丨(shu)(shu)(shu)昌蒲酒丨(shu)(shu)(shu)云岡(gang)絹人丨(shu)(shu)(shu)平(ping)(ping)遙推光漆器丨(shu)(shu)(shu)大(da)同(tong)沙

內蒙古特(te)產(chan)小吃

烤全羊丨(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)駝掌丨(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)馬奶酒丨(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)王府肉蓯(cong)蓉丨(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)麝香(xiang)丨(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)駝形(xing)(xing)蒙古組(zu)合刀(dao)丨(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)蒙古族(zu)銀(yin)器丨(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)灰(hui)鼠皮丨(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)炒(chao)米丨(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)麝香(xiang)丨(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)熊膽丨(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)水獺丨(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)旱獺皮丨(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)駝形(xing)(xing)蒙古組(zu)合刀(dao)丨(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)蒙古族(zu)銀(yin)器丨(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)奶酪

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