青(qing)島(dao)地(di)區昔稱膠(jiao)澳。1891年(nian)(nian)(清光緒十七年(nian)(nian)),清政(zheng)府(fu)議決在膠(jiao)澳設(she)防(fang),青(qing)島(dao)由(you)此建置。翌年(nian)(nian),調(diao)登州鎮(zhen)總兵(bing)章(zhang)高(gao)元(yuan)率部移駐膠(jiao)澳。1897年(nian)(nian)11月,德(de)(de)國(guo)以“巨(ju)野(ye)教案(an)”為借口強占(zhan)膠(jiao)澳,并強迫清政(zheng)府(fu)于1898年(nian)(nian)3月6日簽訂《膠(jiao)澳租界(jie)條約》,膠(jiao)澳淪為殖民(min)地(di),山東也劃入德(de)(de)國(guo)的勢力范圍。第(di)一次世界(jie)大戰爆發后,1914年(nian)(nian)11月,日本(ben)取(qu)代(dai)德(de)(de)國(guo)侵占(zhan)膠(jiao)澳,進行軍(jun)事殖民(min)統(tong)治。
第一(yi)次世界大戰結束后,中國(guo)(guo)人民為(wei)收回青(qing)島(dao)(dao)進(jin)行英勇斗爭。1919年(nian),由于青(qing)島(dao)(dao)主權問題,引發(fa)著(zhu)名的“五四運(yun)動”,迫使日(ri)本于1922年(nian)2月4日(ri)同(tong)中國(guo)(guo)政府(fu)簽(qian)訂《解(jie)決山(shan)東懸案條約》。同(tong)年(nian)12月10日(ri),中國(guo)(guo)收回膠澳,開為(wei)商埠(bu),設立膠澳商埠(bu)督辦公署,直屬(shu)北洋政府(fu)。其行政區域與德(de)膠澳租界地相同(tong)。1929年(nian)4月,南(nan)京(jing)國(guo)(guo)民政府(fu)接管膠澳商埠(bu),同(tong)年(nian)7月設青(qing)島(dao)(dao)特別(bie)市(shi)。1930年(nian)改稱青(qing)島(dao)(dao)市(shi)。
1938年1月(yue),日本(ben)再次侵占青島。1945年9月(yue),國(guo)民黨政府接(jie)收(shou)青島,青島仍為特(te)別市。
1949年(nian)6月(yue)2日,青島解放(fang)。青島解放(fang)后,改為山(shan)東省(sheng)(sheng)省(sheng)(sheng)轄市。1981年(nian),被(bei)(bei)列(lie)為全(quan)國(guo)(guo)15個(ge)(ge)經濟中心城市之一;1984年(nian)4月(yue),被(bei)(bei)列(lie)為全(quan)國(guo)(guo)14個(ge)(ge)進一步對外開放(fang)的沿(yan)海港口城市之一;1986年(nian)10月(yue)15日,被(bei)(bei)國(guo)(guo)務院正式批準在國(guo)(guo)家計(ji)劃(hua)中實行單列(lie),賦予省(sheng)(sheng)一級經濟管理權限;1994年(nian)2月(yue),被(bei)(bei)列(lie)為全(quan)國(guo)(guo)15個(ge)(ge)副(fu)省(sheng)(sheng)級城市之一。
中華人民(min)共(gong)和(he)(he)國成立(li)(li)以(yi)來,青島(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)政區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)變動較大(da)。1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)底為(wei)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)南(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、臺(tai)(tai)(tai)西(xi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、臺(tai)(tai)(tai)東區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、四滄區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、李村區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、浮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。1951年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)州專區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)辦事(shi)處(chu)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)歸青島(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)領導,改稱嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)郊(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)辦事(shi)處(chu);8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),撤(che)(che)(che)銷(xiao)四滄區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、浮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),設立(li)(li)四方區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、滄口(kou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)郊(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)辦事(shi)處(chu)更名為(wei)嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)郊(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)人民(min)政府。1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)底,昌濰(wei)專區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)及萊(lai)陽專區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)即墨(mo)(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)歸青島(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。1961年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),即墨(mo)(mo)、膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)、膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)出(chu);10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),以(yi)原嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)郊(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)行(xing)政區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域設立(li)(li)嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),歸青島(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。1962年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)西(xi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)撤(che)(che)(che)銷(xiao),其(qi)轄區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分別并入市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)南(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),煙(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)即墨(mo)(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),昌濰(wei)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)又劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)歸青島(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);新設立(li)(li)青島(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)黃(huang)(huang)島(dao)(dao)(dao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),其(qi)轄區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)包括由(you)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)出(chu)的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)島(dao)(dao)(dao)、薛家(jia)島(dao)(dao)(dao)、辛(xin)安3個(ge)公社。1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),煙(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)萊(lai)西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、濰(wei)坊(fang)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)度(du)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)歸青島(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),撤(che)(che)(che)銷(xiao)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),設立(li)(li)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)級(ji)(ji));1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),撤(che)(che)(che)銷(xiao)嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),設立(li)(li)嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu);1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),撤(che)(che)(che)銷(xiao)平(ping)(ping)度(du)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)即墨(mo)(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),設立(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)度(du)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)級(ji)(ji))和(he)(he)即墨(mo)(mo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)級(ji)(ji));1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),撤(che)(che)(che)銷(xiao)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)萊(lai)西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),設立(li)(li)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)級(ji)(ji))和(he)(he)萊(lai)西(xi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)級(ji)(ji))。1994年(nian)(nian)(nian)上半年(nian)(nian)(nian),市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)行(xing)政區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)作重(zhong)大(da)調(diao)整,在市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轄區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總數不變的(de)(de)前提下,將臺(tai)(tai)(tai)東區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、四方區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)吳家(jia)村街(jie)道(dao)和(he)(he)錯(cuo)埠嶺街(jie)道(dao)整建(jian)制合(he)并,設立(li)(li)新的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu);將嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)做大(da)的(de)(de)調(diao)整,一(yi)部分設立(li)(li)新嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),一(yi)部分設立(li)(li)城(cheng)陽區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),一(yi)部分與滄口(kou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)合(he)并設立(li)(li)李滄區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。
2012年11月,國務院作(zuo)出《關于(yu)同(tong)意山東省調整青(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)部分(fen)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃的(de)(de)(de)批復》,山東省政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)發出《關于(yu)調整青(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)部分(fen)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃的(de)(de)(de)通知》,決(jue)定對青(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)部分(fen)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃實(shi)施調整:撤銷市(shi)(shi)北(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、四方區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),設立新的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)北(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),以(yi)原(yuan)市(shi)(shi)北(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、四方區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)為新的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)北(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu);撤銷黃(huang)島(dao)(dao)(dao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、膠南(nan)市(shi)(shi),設立新的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)島(dao)(dao)(dao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),以(yi)原(yuan)黃(huang)島(dao)(dao)(dao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、膠南(nan)市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)為新的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)島(dao)(dao)(dao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)。調整后(hou),青(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)轄(xia)6個(ge)市(shi)(shi)轄(xia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(市(shi)(shi)南(nan)、市(shi)(shi)北(bei)、李滄(cang)、嶗(lao)山、黃(huang)島(dao)(dao)(dao)、城陽),代管4個(ge)縣級市(shi)(shi)(即墨、膠州、平(ping)度、萊(lai)西)。
青島市(shi)(shi)地處山(shan)東(dong)(dong)半(ban)島南(nan)部,位于東(dong)(dong)經(jing)119°30′~121°00′、北緯35°35′~37°09′,東(dong)(dong)、南(nan)瀕臨黃海(hai),東(dong)(dong)北與(yu)煙臺市(shi)(shi)毗鄰,西與(yu)濰(wei)坊(fang)市(shi)(shi)相連,西南(nan)與(yu)日照市(shi)(shi)接壤。全市(shi)(shi)總面積為11292平方(fang)千米(mi)。其中,市(shi)(shi)區(qu)(市(shi)(shi)南(nan)、市(shi)(shi)北、李滄、嶗山(shan)、黃島、城(cheng)陽(yang)等六區(qu))為3303平方(fang)千米(mi),即墨、膠州、平度、萊西等四(si)市(shi)(shi)為7989平方(fang)千米(mi)。
截至2016年底,全市(shi)常住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口為920.4萬人(ren)(ren)(ren),比上年(下(xia)同(tong))增長1.18%。其(qi)中,市(shi)區(qu)為497.07萬人(ren)(ren)(ren),增長1.40%。截至2012年底,青島市(shi)有少(shao)數民(min)族(zu)52個,少(shao)數民(min)族(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口76696人(ren)(ren)(ren)。其(qi)中,朝鮮族(zu)40015人(ren)(ren)(ren),滿族(zu)13511人(ren)(ren)(ren),回(hui)族(zu)5986人(ren)(ren)(ren),蒙古族(zu)4466人(ren)(ren)(ren),維(wei)吾爾族(zu)2401人(ren)(ren)(ren),苗族(zu)1860人(ren)(ren)(ren),彝(yi)族(zu)1498人(ren)(ren)(ren),壯族(zu)1379人(ren)(ren)(ren),土家(jia)族(zu)1258人(ren)(ren)(ren),其(qi)他(ta)43個少(shao)數民(min)族(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口4322人(ren)(ren)(ren)。
青(qing)島為(wei)(wei)海(hai)(hai)濱丘(qiu)陵城市(shi)(shi),地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢東高西低(di),南(nan)北兩側隆起(qi)(qi),中(zhong)(zhong)間低(di)凹。其中(zhong)(zhong),山地(di)(di)(di)(di)約占全市(shi)(shi)總面積(下(xia)同)的(de)15.5%,丘(qiu)陵占2.1%,平原占37.7%,洼地(di)(di)(di)(di)占21.7%。全市(shi)(shi)海(hai)(hai)岸分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)岬灣相間的(de)山基(ji)巖岸、山地(di)(di)(di)(di)港灣泥質粉砂岸及(ji)基(ji)巖沙礫質海(hai)(hai)岸等(deng)3種(zhong)基(ji)本類型。淺海(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)底則有水下(xia)淺灘、現代水下(xia)三(san)角洲(zhou)及(ji)海(hai)(hai)沖蝕平原等(deng)。青(qing)島所處大地(di)(di)(di)(di)構(gou)造(zao)位置為(wei)(wei)新華夏(xia)隆起(qi)(qi)帶次級構(gou)造(zao)單元——膠南(nan)隆起(qi)(qi)區(qu)(qu)東北緣和(he)膠萊凹陷區(qu)(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)部。區(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)缺失整(zheng)個(ge)古(gu)(gu)生(sheng)界(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)及(ji)部分(fen)(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)界(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng),但白堊系青(qing)山組火山巖層(ceng)發育充分(fen)(fen)、出露十分(fen)(fen)廣泛。巖漿巖以(yi)元古(gu)(gu)代膠南(nan)期(qi)月季(ji)山式(shi)片麻狀花崗巖及(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)代燕山晚期(qi)的(de)艾山式(shi)花崗閃長(chang)巖和(he)嶗山式(shi)花崗巖為(wei)(wei)主。市(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)全部坐落于該類花崗巖之上,建筑(zhu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基(ji)條件優良(liang)。區(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)構(gou)造(zao)以(yi)斷(duan)裂構(gou)造(zao)為(wei)(wei)主。自第三(san)紀以(yi)來,區(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)以(yi)整(zheng)體性較穩(wen)定的(de)斷(duan)塊(kuai)隆起(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)主,上升幅度一般不大。
全市(shi)大體(ti)有3個山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系(xi)。東南(nan)是嶗山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢陡(dou)峻,主峰海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)1132.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)。從嶗頂(ding)向西、北(bei)綿延至(zhi)青(qing)島市(shi)區(qu)。北(bei)部為大澤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)736.7米(mi)(mi)(mi),平度境(jing)內諸山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)及(ji)萊西部分山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰均屬之)。南(nan)部為大珠山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)486.4米(mi)(mi)(mi))、小珠山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)724.9米(mi)(mi)(mi))、鐵橛山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)595.1米(mi)(mi)(mi))等(deng)組成(cheng)的(de)膠南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)群。市(shi)區(qu)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺有浮(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)384米(mi)(mi)(mi))、太平山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)150米(mi)(mi)(mi))、青(qing)島山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)128.5米(mi)(mi)(mi))、信號山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)99米(mi)(mi)(mi))、伏龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)86米(mi)(mi)(mi))、貯水山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)80.6米(mi)(mi)(mi))等(deng)。
概況
全市(shi)共有大(da)小河(he)(he)流224條(tiao),均為季風區雨(yu)源型,多為獨立入海的(de)山溪性小河(he)(he)。流域面積在(zai)100平(ping)方千米以上的(de)較大(da)河(he)(he)流33條(tiao),按照水系(xi)分為大(da)沽河(he)(he)、北膠萊河(he)(he)以及沿海諸河(he)(he)流等(deng)三大(da)水系(xi)。
大沽河水系
包括主流(liu)(liu)(liu)及其支流(liu)(liu)(liu),主要支流(liu)(liu)(liu)有小沽(gu)(gu)(gu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、五沽(gu)(gu)(gu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、流(liu)(liu)(liu)浩河(he)(he)(he)(he)和(he)南(nan)(nan)膠(jiao)萊(lai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)。大(da)沽(gu)(gu)(gu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)是全(quan)市(shi)最大(da)的河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu),發源于招遠市(shi)阜山,由北(bei)向南(nan)(nan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)入青島,經(jing)萊(lai)西、平度、即墨、膠(jiao)州和(he)城陽,至膠(jiao)州南(nan)(nan)碼頭(tou)村入海。干(gan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)全(quan)長(chang)179.9千米,流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面積6131.3平方(fang)千米(含南(nan)(nan)膠(jiao)萊(lai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)1500平方(fang)千米),是膠(jiao)東半島最大(da)水系。大(da)沽(gu)(gu)(gu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)多年(nian)(nian)平均徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)量為6.61億立方(fang)米。該(gai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)20世(shi)紀70年(nian)(nian)代(dai)前(qian),徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)季(ji)節性較(jiao)強,夏季(ji)洪水暴漲,常年(nian)(nian)有水;之后,除(chu)汛期外,中、下游(you)已斷流(liu)(liu)(liu)。
北膠萊河水系
包括主流(liu)北膠(jiao)萊(lai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)及諸支(zhi)流(liu),在(zai)青島(dao)境內(nei)的主要(yao)支(zhi)流(liu)有澤河(he)(he)(he)(he)、龍王(wang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、現河(he)(he)(he)(he)和(he)白沙河(he)(he)(he)(he),總(zong)流(liu)域(yu)面積1914.0平方千(qian)米(mi)(mi)。北膠(jiao)萊(lai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)發(fa)源于平度(du)市(shi)(shi)蓼蘭鎮姚家村分水嶺北麓,沿平度(du)市(shi)(shi)與(yu)昌(chang)邑市(shi)(shi)邊界北去,于平度(du)市(shi)(shi)新河(he)(he)(he)(he)鎮大(da)苗(miao)家村出境流(liu)入(ru)萊(lai)州灣。干流(liu)全長100千(qian)米(mi)(mi),流(liu)域(yu)面積3978.6平方千(qian)米(mi)(mi)。該河(he)(he)(he)(he)多(duo)年平均徑(jing)流(liu)量為2.53億立方米(mi)(mi),多(duo)年平均含沙量為0.24千(qian)克(ke)/立方米(mi)(mi)。
沿海諸河流水系
指(zhi)獨(du)流(liu)入(ru)海的河(he)(he)(he)流(liu),較(jiao)大者有白沙河(he)(he)(he)、墨水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)、王戈莊河(he)(he)(he)、白馬河(he)(he)(he)、吉利河(he)(he)(he)、周疃河(he)(he)(he)、洋河(he)(he)(he)等(deng)。
海岸線、海灣
全市(shi)海(hai)(hai)域面積約(yue)1.22萬(wan)平方千(qian)米(mi)(mi);海(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)線(含(han)所屬海(hai)(hai)島(dao)岸(an)(an)(an)線)總長為(wei)905.2千(qian)米(mi)(mi),其中(zhong)大(da)陸(lu)岸(an)(an)(an)線782.3千(qian)米(mi)(mi),大(da)陸(lu)岸(an)(an)(an)線占山(shan)(shan)(shan)東省岸(an)(an)(an)線的1/4強。海(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)線曲折(zhe),岬灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)相間。面積大(da)于0.5平方千(qian)米(mi)(mi)的海(hai)(hai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan),自北而南分(fen)布著(zhu)丁字灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、栲栳灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、鹽水灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(又(you)(you)(you)稱(cheng)橫門灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan))、嶗山(shan)(shan)(shan)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(又(you)(you)(you)稱(cheng)北灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan))、小島(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、王哥莊灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、青山(shan)(shan)(shan)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、腰島(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、太(tai)清(qing)宮口、流清(qing)河灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、嶗山(shan)(shan)(shan)口、沙子(zi)口灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、麥島(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、浮山(shan)(shan)(shan)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、太(tai)平灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、匯泉灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、前海(hai)(hai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(又(you)(you)(you)稱(cheng)棧橋灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan))、膠州灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、唐島(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、靈山(shan)(shan)(shan)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、利根灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)和古鎮口、齋(zhai)堂(tang)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、董家口灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、沐官島(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)等(deng)。膠州灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)內又(you)(you)(you)有海(hai)(hai)西(xi)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(包括小叉灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、薛(xue)家島(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan))、黃島(dao)前灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、紅島(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、女姑口、滄口灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)等(deng)49個(ge)海(hai)(hai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)。
海島
根據2013年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)全國海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)地名普查結果、2013年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)《山東省海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)保護規劃》、2016年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)《青島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)保護規劃》公布的海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)數量,青島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)總數為120個(ge)(ge),其(qi)中有居(ju)民(min)海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)7個(ge)(ge)、無(wu)(wu)居(ju)民(min)海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)113個(ge)(ge)(面積(ji)(ji)大(da)于500平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)的無(wu)(wu)居(ju)民(min)海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)67個(ge)(ge))。海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)總面積(ji)(ji)15.04平(ping)方(fang)千米(mi)(mi),其(qi)中有居(ju)民(min)海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)10.97平(ping)方(fang)千米(mi)(mi)、無(wu)(wu)居(ju)民(min)海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)4.07平(ping)方(fang)千米(mi)(mi)。海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)岸線總長約(yue)122.9千米(mi)(mi),其(qi)中有居(ju)民(min)海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)47.9千米(mi)(mi)、無(wu)(wu)居(ju)民(min)海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)75.0千米(mi)(mi)。靈山島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)為青島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市面積(ji)(ji)最大(da)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸線最長的海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。
潮汐
青島(dao)屬(shu)正規半日潮(chao)港,每個(ge)太陰日(24小時48分)有(you)兩次高(gao)潮(chao)和兩次低潮(chao)。平均潮(chao)差(cha)為(wei)2.8米(mi)左(zuo)右,大潮(chao)差(cha)發(fa)生于朔或望(上(shang)弦或下弦)日后(hou)2~3天。8月份(fen)潮(chao)位比1月份(fen)潮(chao)位一(yi)般(ban)高(gao)出0.5米(mi)。中國(guo)(guo)以青島(dao)驗潮(chao)站(zhan)觀測的平均潮(chao)位作為(wei)“黃(huang)海(hai)平均海(hai)水(shui)面(mian)”,其(qi)高(gao)度在青島(dao)觀象山(shan)國(guo)(guo)家水(shui)準原(yuan)點下72.289米(mi)。中國(guo)(guo)自1957年(nian)起,大陸國(guo)(guo)土(tu)的地物(wu)高(gao)程即以此(ci)為(wei)零點起算。
青島地(di)處北溫帶(dai)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)區(qu)域(yu),屬溫帶(dai)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候。市區(qu)由于海洋環境的直接調節,受(shou)來(lai)自洋面上的東南(nan)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)及海流(liu)、水(shui)團的影響,故又(you)具有(you)顯著的海洋性氣(qi)(qi)候特點。空氣(qi)(qi)濕潤(run),雨(yu)量充沛,溫度適中,四季(ji)(ji)分(fen)明。春(chun)季(ji)(ji)氣(qi)(qi)溫回升緩慢,較(jiao)內陸遲(chi)1個月(yue)(yue)(yue);夏季(ji)(ji)濕熱多雨(yu),但無酷暑;秋季(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)爽,降(jiang)水(shui)少,蒸發強;冬季(ji)(ji)風(feng)大溫低(di),持續(xu)時(shi)間較(jiao)長。據1898年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)來(lai)100余年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)氣(qi)(qi)象資料查考(kao),市區(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫12.7℃,極(ji)端高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫38.9℃(2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)(yue)15日(ri)(ri)),極(ji)端低(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫-16.9℃(1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)(yue)10日(ri)(ri))。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)份最熱,平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫25.3℃;1月(yue)(yue)(yue)份最冷,平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫-0.5℃。日(ri)(ri)最高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫高(gao)于30℃的日(ri)(ri)數(shu),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)11.4天(tian)(tian);日(ri)(ri)最低(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫低(di)于-5℃的日(ri)(ri)數(shu),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)22天(tian)(tian)。降(jiang)水(shui)量年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)662.1毫米(mi)(mi),春(chun)、夏、秋、冬四季(ji)(ji)雨(yu)量分(fen)別占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量的17%、57%、21%、5%。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量最多為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1272.7毫米(mi)(mi)(1911年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),最少僅308.2毫米(mi)(mi)(1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),降(jiang)水(shui)的年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)變率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)62%。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)雪日(ri)(ri)數(shu)只有(you)10天(tian)(tian)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)壓為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1008.6百(bai)帕(pa)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)風(feng)速為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5.2米(mi)(mi)/秒,以(yi)南(nan)東風(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主導風(feng)向。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)相對濕度為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)73%。7月(yue)(yue)(yue)份相對濕度最高(gao),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)89%;12月(yue)(yue)(yue)份最低(di),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)68%。青島海霧多、頻,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)濃霧51.3天(tian)(tian)、輕霧108.2天(tian)(tian)。
概況
按全國第二次土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)普查土(tu)(tu)(tu)地分類系(xi)統,青島市(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)主(zhu)要有棕壤(rang)、砂(sha)姜(jiang)黑土(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)、褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)等5個土(tu)(tu)(tu)類。
棕壤
面(mian)積(ji)49.37萬公頃,占土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)總面(mian)積(ji)的59.8%。是全市(shi)分(fen)布(bu)最廣(guang)、面(mian)積(ji)最大(da)的土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)類型,主要分(fen)布(bu)在山地(di)(di)丘陵(ling)及(ji)山前平原。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)發育程度受(shou)地(di)(di)形(xing)部位影響,由高到(dao)低依(yi)次分(fen)為棕(zong)(zong)(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)性土(tu)、棕(zong)(zong)(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)、潮(chao)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)等3個土(tu)屬。棕(zong)(zong)(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)性土(tu)因地(di)(di)形(xing)部位高、坡度大(da)、土(tu)層薄、侵(qin)蝕重、肥力低,多為林、牧業用;棕(zong)(zong)(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)和潮(chao)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)是青(qing)島市(shi)主要糧食經濟作(zuo)物(wu)種(zhong)植土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)。
砂姜黑土
面積17.69萬公頃,占土(tu)壤總面積的21.42%。主要分布(bu)在萊西(xi)南部(bu)(bu)、平(ping)度西(xi)南部(bu)(bu)、即墨西(xi)北部(bu)(bu)、膠(jiao)州北部(bu)(bu)淺平(ping)洼地上。該類(lei)土(tu)壤土(tu)層深厚,土(tu)質(zhi)偏粘,表土(tu)輕(qing)壤至重壤,物理性(xing)狀較差,水氣熱狀況(kuang)不夠(gou)協調,速效(xiao)養分低(di)。
潮土
面積(ji)14.49萬公頃,占土壤(rang)(rang)總面積(ji)的(de)17.55%。主要(yao)分布在大沽河(he)、五沽河(he)、膠萊(lai)河(he)下游(you)的(de)沿河(he)平地。因距河(he)道遠近(jin)(jin)不同,土壤(rang)(rang)質地、土體構(gou)型差異較大。近(jin)(jin)海(hai)地帶常受(shou)海(hai)鹽影響形成鹽化潮土,土壤(rang)(rang)肥力和利用方向差異較大。
褐土
面(mian)積6333.33公頃,占(zhan)土壤總(zong)面(mian)積的0.77%。零星(xing)分布在平度、萊西、黃島的石灰巖殘丘(qiu)中上部。
鹽土
面積3666.67公頃,占土壤總面積的0.44%。分布在(zai)各濱海(hai)低地和濱海(hai)灘地。
青島海(hai)(hai)區港灣(wan)眾多(duo),岸(an)線曲折,灘涂廣(guang)闊,水質肥沃,是多(duo)種水生物(wu)繁衍生息的場所,具有較(jiao)高的經濟價(jia)值和開發利用潛(qian)力。膠(jiao)州(zhou)灣(wan)、嶗山灣(wan)及(ji)丁(ding)字灣(wan)口水域營養(yang)鹽含量高,補充源充足(zu),異樣菌(jun)量比大陸(lu)架區或大洋區高出數倍乃至數千(qian)倍,水中有機物(wu)含量較(jiao)高。尤(you)其是膠(jiao)州(zhou)灣(wan)一帶泥(ni)沙(sha)底(di)質岸(an)段,是發展貝類(lei)、藻(zao)類(lei)養(yang)殖的優良(liang)海(hai)(hai)區。該海(hai)(hai)區的浮游生物(wu)、底(di)棲生物(wu)、經濟無脊椎動物(wu)、潮間帶藻(zao)類(lei)等資(zi)源也(ye)很豐富。
青(qing)島地區(qu)(qu)(qu)植(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)豐(feng)富(fu)繁茂,是同(tong)緯度地區(qu)(qu)(qu)植(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)最(zui)多(duo)(duo)、組成植(zhi)被建群種(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)多(duo)(duo)的(de)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)。有(you)植(zhi)物(wu)資源(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)152科(ke)654屬1237種(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)變種(zhong)(zhong)(不含溫室栽培種(zhong)(zhong)及花卉栽培類(lei)(lei)型)。原生木本植(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系有(you)66科(ke)136屬332種(zhong)(zhong),分別占山東省木本植(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系科(ke)、屬、種(zhong)(zhong)總數的(de)93%、84%和80.2%。
青島(dao)地區在脊(ji)椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)地理分布區劃上屬古北界華北區黃(huang)淮(huai)平原(yuan)亞區。由于受暖(nuan)溫帶海(hai)洋(yang)季風影響,氣(qi)候溫暖(nuan)潮濕,植被生(sheng)(sheng)長良好,適宜動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)棲(qi)息繁衍,但(dan)大型野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)獸(shou)類(lei)較(jiao)少。現代青島(dao)地區野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)脊(ji)椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)以小型動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)為多(duo)見,已沒有(you)(you)(you)大型猛獸(shou)或大型草食獸(shou)。哺乳類(lei)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)松(song)鼠科(ke)(ke)(ke)、倉(cang)鼠科(ke)(ke)(ke)、鼠科(ke)(ke)(ke)、兔科(ke)(ke)(ke)、犬(quan)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、鼬科(ke)(ke)(ke)、蝙蝠(fu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、猬科(ke)(ke)(ke)等(deng)(deng)(deng);兩棲(qi)類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)蛙科(ke)(ke)(ke)、蟾蜍科(ke)(ke)(ke)、盤舌蟾科(ke)(ke)(ke)、姬(ji)蛙科(ke)(ke)(ke)等(deng)(deng)(deng);爬行類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)蜥蜴科(ke)(ke)(ke)、游蛇科(ke)(ke)(ke)、蝰科(ke)(ke)(ke)、烏龜、鱉(bie)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。屬于國(guo)家一(yi)、二類(lei)保護(hu)的珍稀動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)66種(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)類(lei)保護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)52種(zhong)。特殊(shu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)白沙河產的仙胎魚(yu)。區內野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)無脊(ji)椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類(lei)很多(duo),大致(zhi)可歸納為森林(lin)昆蟲(chong)和農業昆蟲(chong)。馴養動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)主要有(you)(you)(you)牛、馬、羊、豬、狗等(deng)(deng)(deng)家畜和雞(ji)、鴨、鵝等(deng)(deng)(deng)家禽(qin)。
青島地區鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富。青島市鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)保護(hu)(hu)環志(zhi)10余年來(lai)采(cai)集標本2000余號,有(you)(you)19目58科(ke)159屬(shu)355種(zhong)(zhong),占全國鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)1200種(zhong)(zhong)的29.6%,占山東省鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)406種(zhong)(zhong)的87.4%,其中屬(shu)國家一(yi)級保護(hu)(hu)珍禽11種(zhong)(zhong)、二級保護(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)55種(zhong)(zhong)。青島地區鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)主(zhu)要有(you)(you)游禽、涉(she)禽、陸禽、猛禽、攀禽及鳴(ming)禽六(liu)大類(lei)(lei)。
青(qing)(qing)島(dao)地區(qu)礦(kuang)(kuang)藏多(duo)為非金(jin)屬礦(kuang)(kuang)。截至2007年底(di),已發(fa)現各類(lei)礦(kuang)(kuang)產(含(han)亞(ya)礦(kuang)(kuang)種(zhong))66種(zhong),占全(quan)(quan)省已發(fa)現礦(kuang)(kuang)種(zhong)的(de)44%。其(qi)中(zhong),有(you)(you)(you)探(tan)(tan)明(ming)儲量(liang)(資(zi)源(yuan)量(liang))的(de)礦(kuang)(kuang)產50種(zhong),占全(quan)(quan)省已探(tan)(tan)明(ming)儲量(liang)礦(kuang)(kuang)產的(de)64.1%;未(wei)探(tan)(tan)明(ming)儲量(liang)的(de)礦(kuang)(kuang)產16種(zhong)。已探(tan)(tan)明(ming)或(huo)查明(ming)各類(lei)礦(kuang)(kuang)產地730處(chu)。其(qi)中(zhong),大(da)中(zhong)型(xing)礦(kuang)(kuang)床39處(chu),小型(xing)礦(kuang)(kuang)床129處(chu),礦(kuang)(kuang)點562處(chu)。優(you)勢礦(kuang)(kuang)產資(zi)源(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)、飾材花(hua)崗巖、飾材大(da)理(li)(li)石(shi)、礦(kuang)(kuang)泉水(shui)、透(tou)輝(hui)巖、金(jin)、滑(hua)石(shi)、沸(fei)石(shi)巖。潛(qian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)優(you)勢礦(kuang)(kuang)產資(zi)源(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)重晶石(shi)、白云(yun)巖、膨潤(run)土、鉀長石(shi)、石(shi)英巖、珍珠石(shi)、螢(ying)石(shi)、地熱。石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)、金(jin)、透(tou)輝(hui)巖主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)平度(du)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)萊西(xi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);飾材花(hua)崗巖主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)嶗山區(qu)、平度(du)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、黃(huang)島(dao)區(qu);飾材大(da)理(li)(li)石(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)平度(du)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);礦(kuang)(kuang)泉水(shui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)轄區(qu)內均有(you)(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)集中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)城(cheng)陽區(qu)、嶗山區(qu)及市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內三(san)區(qu)和(he)即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);滑(hua)石(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)平度(du)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);沸(fei)石(shi)巖、珍珠巖、膨潤(run)土主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)萊西(xi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、膠州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)城(cheng)陽區(qu);重晶石(shi)、螢(ying)石(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)膠州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、平度(du)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)黃(huang)島(dao)區(qu);地熱主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。青(qing)(qing)島(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)和(he)石(shi)材礦(kuang)(kuang)保有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)源(yuan)儲量(liang)居山東省首位(wei)(wei),滑(hua)石(shi)、透(tou)輝(hui)石(shi)礦(kuang)(kuang)居全(quan)(quan)省第二位(wei)(wei),沸(fei)石(shi)、礦(kuang)(kuang)泉水(shui)等儲量(liang)也居前列。除(chu)鈾、釷、地熱、天然鹵(lu)水(shui)、建(jian)筑(zhu)用(yong)砂(sha)、磚瓦用(yong)黏土外,礦(kuang)(kuang)產資(zi)源(yuan)保有(you)(you)(you)儲量(liang)潛(qian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)總值達(da)270億元。
青島的(de)風能(neng)資源豐(feng)富。據測定有(you)(you)效(xiao)風能(neng)密度為240.3瓦/平(ping)方米,有(you)(you)效(xiao)風能(neng)年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)時間(jian)達6485小(xiao)時。光能(neng)資源也較(jiao)好,全年(nian)太陽輻(fu)射總(zong)量為500千焦/平(ping)方厘米,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)時數(shu)為2550.7小(xiao)時,日(ri)照(zhao)百分率達58%。
市(shi)花:耐冬(dong)、月季(ji)
市樹:雪松