【銅的密(mi)度】銅的密(mi)度是多少 各種(zhong)銅的密(mi)度匯(hui)總
銅密度
銅密度是多少呢?銅的化學符號為Cu,是一種過(guo)渡金屬。銅(tong)有(you)很多分類。如果銅(tong)含量(liang)達到99.5~99.95%,那(nei)么就是(shi)純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)了(le)(le)。純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也叫做(zuo)“紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”或(huo)者“紅銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”,一(yi)般分為(wei)無氧銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、有氧銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和特種銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)因為(wei)呈現紫(zi)色,因此被稱為(wei)“紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”。如果是(shi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和鋅所組成的(de)合金(jin),那(nei)么就是(shi)黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)了(le)(le)。以(yi)鎳為(wei)主要添加元素的(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基合金(jin),就是(shi)吧白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)了(le)(le),白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)呈銀白(bai)色,有金(jin)屬光澤,故名(ming)白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)原指銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)錫合金(jin)﹐后除黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)﹑白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)以(yi)外的(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合金(jin)均(jun)稱青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。那(nei)么不同(tong)的(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)密度(du)當然是(shi)不一(yi)樣(yang)的(de)了(le)(le)。我們先來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)說(shuo)(shuo)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)密度(du)的(de)定義吧。
銅密度的定義:銅的(de)質量與銅體積的(de)比值就叫作(zuo)銅密度。
銅密度符號和單位:通常用“ρ”(讀做rōu)表(biao)示,單位為(wei)g/cm3,正確讀法是克每(mei)立方厘(li)米(mi)。還(huan)有一種不常用(yong)的單位是kg/dm3,讀作千克每立(li)方分米。它們(men)之間的換算(suan)關(guan)系:lg/cm3=1kg/dm3=103kg/m3。
銅密度的公式:
1、銅密度的公(gong)式:ρ=m/V,ρ=dm/dV(ρ表(biao)示(shi)密度、m表(biao)示(shi)質量、V表(biao)示(shi)體積)
2、銅密度公式(shi)變(bian)形(xing):V=m/ρ,m=ρV,m=∫ρ(V)dV。
3、質量m可(ke)以用天平測量,液體和(he)形狀不規則的固體的體積v可(ke)以用量筒或量杯測量。
4、物(wu)質的(de)密度是(shi)一定的(de),它不(bu)隨(sui)體積和(he)質量的(de)變化(hua)而(er)變化(hua),不(bu)同牌號的(de)銅密度也是(shi)不(bu)隨(sui)體積變化(hua)而(er)變化(hua)的(de)。
銅密度測量的稱量法:
1、準(zhun)備:天(tian)平(ping)、量筒(tong)、水、銅、細繩(sheng)。
2、步驟:
(1)用天(tian)平稱(cheng)出金(jin)屬塊的質(zhi)量m
(2)往(wang)量筒中注入適量水,讀(du)出(chu)體積為(wei)V1
(3)用細繩系住銅塊放入(ru)量筒中,浸沒,讀(du)出體積(ji)為V2
3、計算:銅密度測(ce)量(liang)公式(shi)
4、此測量法只針(zhen)對實心(xin)銅。
銅密度測量的比重杯法:
1、準備:燒杯、水、銅、天平
2、步驟:
(1)往燒(shao)杯裝滿水,放(fang)在天平上(shang)稱出質量為m1;
(2)將(jiang)銅塊(kuai)輕輕放(fang)入水中(zhong),溢出部分水,再將(jiang)燒杯(bei)放(fang)在天平(ping)上稱出質量為m2;
(3)將銅塊(kuai)取出(chu),把燒杯(bei)(bei)放在(zai)天平上稱(cheng)出(chu)燒杯(bei)(bei)和剩下(xia)水的質量m3。
3、計算表達(da)式:ρ=ρ水(m2-m3)/(m1-m3)
純銅密度、黃銅密度、青銅密度、白銅密度:
1、純銅(tong),無氧銅(tong)的密度(du)是8.9(g/cm3),磷脫(tuo)氧銅(tong)的密度(du)是8.89(g/cm3)。
2、加工(gong)黃銅的密度是8.5-8.8(g/cm3),鑄造黃銅的密度是7.7-8.55(g/cm3)。
3、加工(gong)青銅的(de)密(mi)度是7.5-8.9(g/cm3),鑄造青銅的(de)密(mi)度是7.45-9.54(g/cm3)。
4、白銅的密(mi)度是8.4-8.9(g/cm3)。
常用銅密度表:
注(zhu):表為加(jia)工后密度:紫銅包括(kuo)脫氧銅8.94g/cm3