空氣壓縮機工作原理是什么
1、活塞式空壓機
活塞(sai)式空壓(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是最(zui)(zui)常(chang)用的(de)空壓(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)形式,是一種是容(rong)積(ji)式壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji),它(ta)是最(zui)(zui)通(tong)用和(he)非常(chang)高(gao)效的(de)一種空氣壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。活塞(sai)式空壓(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)通(tong)過連桿和(he)曲軸使活塞(sai)在氣缸(gang)內向前運動(dong),如果(guo)只用活塞(sai)的(de)一側(ce)進行壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo),則稱為(wei)(wei)單動(dong)式。如果(guo)活塞(sai)的(de)上(shang)、下兩側(ce)都用,則稱為(wei)(wei)雙動(dong)式。
活(huo)塞(sai)式空(kong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)工作原理是,當活(huo)塞(sai)向右移動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)內(nei)活(huo)塞(sai)左腔的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)低于大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li),吸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)閥開啟,外界空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)進入缸(gang)內(nei),這(zhe)個過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)稱(cheng)(cheng)為“吸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)”。當活(huo)塞(sai)向左移動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),缸(gang)內(nei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體被(bei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮,這(zhe)個過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)稱(cheng)(cheng)為“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)”。當缸(gang)內(nei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)高于輸(shu)出管(guan)道(dao)內(nei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)后,排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)閥被(bei)打開,壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)送至管(guan)道(dao)內(nei),這(zhe)個過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)稱(cheng)(cheng)為“排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)”。活(huo)塞(sai)的(de)往復運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是由電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲柄轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),通過(guo)(guo)(guo)連(lian)桿帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)滑(hua)塊在滑(hua)道(dao)內(nei)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),則活(huo)塞(sai)桿便帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)活(huo)塞(sai)在缸(gang)體內(nei)作直線(xian)往復運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。
單(dan)級(ji)活塞(sai)式(shi)空(kong)壓(ya)機,常(chang)用(yong)于(yu)需要0.3~0.7MPa壓(ya)力(li)范圍的系統。單(dan)級(ji)空(kong)壓(ya)機壓(ya)力(li)超過0.6MPa,產生的熱量太(tai)大,空(kong)壓(ya)機工作效率太(tai)低,故(gu)常(chang)使用(yong)兩級(ji)活塞(sai)式(shi)空(kong)壓(ya)機。若最終力(li)為1.0MPa,則第1級(ji)通常(chang)壓(ya)縮至0.3MPa。設置(zhi)中間冷(leng)卻器(qi)是為了降低第2級(ji)活塞(sai)的進口空(kong)氣溫度,以提高(gao)空(kong)壓(ya)機的工作效率。
2、滑片式空壓機
滑(hua)片(pian)(pian)式空(kong)(kong)(kong)壓(ya)機是回轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)式變(bian)容壓(ya)縮(suo)機,它的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)偏心地(di)安裝在(zai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)內(nei),一組滑(hua)片(pian)(pian)插在(zai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)的放射狀槽內(nei)。當轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)時,各(ge)滑(hua)片(pian)(pian)主要(yao)靠離(li)心作用緊(jin)貼(tie)定(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)內(nei)壁(bi)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)回轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)過(guo)程中,左半(ban)部(bu)(輸入(ru)口(kou))吸氣(qi)。在(zai)右(you)半(ban)部(bu),滑(hua)片(pian)(pian)逐漸(jian)被定(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)內(nei)表(biao)面壓(ya)進轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)溝(gou)槽內(nei),滑(hua)片(pian)(pian)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)和(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)內(nei)壁(bi)圍成的容積逐漸(jian)減(jian)小,吸入(ru)的空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)就逐漸(jian)地(di)被壓(ya)縮(suo),最后(hou)從(cong)輸出(chu)(chu)口(kou)排出(chu)(chu)壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)。由于(yu)在(zai)輸入(ru)口(kou)附近向氣(qi)流噴油(you)(you),對滑(hua)片(pian)(pian)及定(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)內(nei)部(bu)進行(xing)潤滑(hua)、冷(leng)卻和(he)密封,故輸和(he)高(gao)出(chu)(chu)的壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中含有(you)大量油(you)(you)分(fen)(fen),所(suo)以在(zai)輸出(chu)(chu)口(kou)需(xu)設置(zhi)油(you)(you)霧分(fen)(fen)離(li)器(qi)和(he)冷(leng)卻器(qi),以便把油(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)從(cong)壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中分(fen)(fen)離(li)出(chu)(chu)來(lai),冷(leng)卻后(hou)循環再(zai)用。
3、螺桿式空壓機
螺(luo)桿式(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)壓(ya)機(ji)屬於(wu)容積(ji)式(shi)壓(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji),其活塞采用(yong)螺(luo)桿的形式(shi)。當兩個咬合的螺(luo)旋轉(zhuan)子以相(xiang)反方向轉(zhuan)動(dong),它(ta)們當中的自由空(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)的容積(ji)沿軸向逐漸(jian)減(jian)小,從而(er)兩轉(zhuan)子間(jian)的空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)逐漸(jian)被壓(ya)縮(suo)(suo)。若(ruo)轉(zhuan)子和機(ji)殼之(zhi)間(jian)相(xiang)互不(bu)(bu)接觸(chu),則不(bu)(bu)需潤滑,這樣的空(kong)(kong)(kong)壓(ya)機(ji)便可輸出(chu)不(bu)(bu)含油的壓(ya)縮(suo)(suo)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)。它(ta)可連(lian)續輸出(chu)無脈(mo)動(dong)的流量大的壓(ya)縮(suo)(suo)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi),出(chu)口空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)溫度為60℃左(zuo)右。
空壓機的種類有哪些
1、按工(gong)作(zuo)原理(li)可分為容積型、動力型(速度(du)型或透平型)、熱力型壓縮機(ji)這三大類(lei)。
2、按(an)潤滑(hua)方式可分(fen)為無油空(kong)壓(ya)機和機油潤滑(hua)空(kong)壓(ya)機。
3、按性能可分為低噪音、可變頻、防(fang)爆(bao)等空壓機。
4、按用(yong)途可分為冰箱(xiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)、空調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)、制冷壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)、油田用(yong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)、天然氣(qi)加氣(qi)站用(yong)、鑿(zao)巖機(ji)用(yong)、風動工(gong)具、車(che)輛制動用(yong)、門窗啟(qi)閉用(yong)、紡織機(ji)械用(yong)、輪(lun)胎充(chong)氣(qi)用(yong)、塑料機(ji)械用(yong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)、礦用(yong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)、船用(yong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)、醫用(yong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)、噴(pen)砂噴(pen)漆用(yong)。
5、按型式(shi)可分為固(gu)定式(shi)、移動(dong)式(shi)、封(feng)閉式(shi)。
6、按組成結構可(ke)分為往復(fu)活塞式、旋轉(zhuan)葉片、旋轉(zhuan)螺桿這三大類(lei)。