空氣壓縮機工作原理是什么

1、活塞式空壓機

活(huo)塞(sai)(sai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)壓(ya)機是最常用的空(kong)壓(ya)機形式(shi)(shi)(shi)，是一種是容積式(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)縮機，它是最通用和非常高效(xiao)的一種空(kong)氣壓(ya)縮機。活(huo)塞(sai)(sai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)壓(ya)機通過(guo)連桿(gan)和曲軸使活(huo)塞(sai)(sai)在(zai)氣缸內向(xiang)前運動(dong)，如果(guo)只用活(huo)塞(sai)(sai)的一側(ce)進行壓(ya)縮，則稱為(wei)(wei)單動(dong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。如果(guo)活(huo)塞(sai)(sai)的上、下兩側(ce)都(dou)用，則稱為(wei)(wei)雙(shuang)動(dong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。

活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)式空壓(ya)機工作(zuo)原理是，當活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)向右移動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)左(zuo)腔的壓(ya)力低于(yu)大氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)力，吸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)閥開啟，外界空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進入(ru)缸(gang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)，這個(ge)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)稱(cheng)為(wei)“吸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)”。當活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)向左(zuo)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，缸(gang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體被(bei)壓(ya)縮(suo)，這個(ge)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)稱(cheng)為(wei)“壓(ya)縮(suo)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)”。當缸(gang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)壓(ya)力高于(yu)輸(shu)出(chu)管道(dao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)壓(ya)力后(hou)，排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)閥被(bei)打(da)開，壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)送至管道(dao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)，這個(ge)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)稱(cheng)為(wei)“排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)”。活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)的往(wang)復運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是由(you)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲柄轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，通過(guo)(guo)連桿(gan)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)滑塊在(zai)滑道(dao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，則活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)桿(gan)便帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)在(zai)缸(gang)體內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)作(zuo)直線(xian)往(wang)復運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。

單級(ji)活(huo)塞(sai)式(shi)空壓(ya)機，常用(yong)于需要0.3~0.7MPa壓(ya)力范圍的系統(tong)。單級(ji)空壓(ya)機壓(ya)力超過0.6MPa，產(chan)生的熱量太(tai)大(da)，空壓(ya)機工作效(xiao)(xiao)率太(tai)低，故常使(shi)用(yong)兩級(ji)活(huo)塞(sai)式(shi)空壓(ya)機。若最終力為(wei)1.0MPa，則第1級(ji)通(tong)常壓(ya)縮至0.3MPa。設置(zhi)中間(jian)冷卻(que)器(qi)是為(wei)了降低第2級(ji)活(huo)塞(sai)的進口(kou)空氣溫度，以提(ti)高(gao)空壓(ya)機的工作效(xiao)(xiao)率。

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2、滑片式空壓機

滑(hua)(hua)片(pian)(pian)式(shi)空壓機是回轉(zhuan)(zhuan)式(shi)變(bian)容壓縮(suo)機，它的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)偏心(xin)地安裝在(zai)(zai)定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)內(nei)(nei)，一組(zu)滑(hua)(hua)片(pian)(pian)插在(zai)(zai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)放射(she)狀槽(cao)內(nei)(nei)。當轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)時，各(ge)滑(hua)(hua)片(pian)(pian)主要靠離(li)心(xin)作用緊(jin)貼定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)內(nei)(nei)壁(bi)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)回轉(zhuan)(zhuan)過程中，左半(ban)部(bu)（輸(shu)入(ru)口(kou)）吸氣(qi)。在(zai)(zai)右半(ban)部(bu)，滑(hua)(hua)片(pian)(pian)逐(zhu)漸(jian)被定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)內(nei)(nei)表面壓進(jin)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)溝槽(cao)內(nei)(nei)，滑(hua)(hua)片(pian)(pian)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)內(nei)(nei)壁(bi)圍成的(de)(de)容積逐(zhu)漸(jian)減小，吸入(ru)的(de)(de)空氣(qi)就逐(zhu)漸(jian)地被壓縮(suo)，最后從輸(shu)出口(kou)排出壓縮(suo)空氣(qi)。由于(yu)在(zai)(zai)輸(shu)入(ru)口(kou)附(fu)近向氣(qi)流噴油(you)，對滑(hua)(hua)片(pian)(pian)及定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)進(jin)行潤滑(hua)(hua)、冷卻(que)和(he)密封，故輸(shu)和(he)高出的(de)(de)壓縮(suo)空氣(qi)中含有大量(liang)油(you)分，所以(yi)在(zai)(zai)輸(shu)出口(kou)需設置油(you)霧分離(li)器和(he)冷卻(que)器，以(yi)便把(ba)油(you)分從壓縮(suo)空氣(qi)中分離(li)出來(lai)，冷卻(que)后循環再用。

3、螺桿式空壓機

螺(luo)桿(gan)式空(kong)壓(ya)(ya)機(ji)屬於(wu)容積式壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)，其活(huo)塞采用(yong)螺(luo)桿(gan)的形式。當(dang)兩個咬(yao)合的螺(luo)旋轉子(zi)以相反方向轉動(dong)，它們當(dang)中的自(zi)由空(kong)間(jian)的容積沿軸(zhou)向逐漸(jian)減小(xiao)，從(cong)而兩轉子(zi)間(jian)的空(kong)氣逐漸(jian)被壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)。若轉子(zi)和機(ji)殼之間(jian)相互不接(jie)觸，則(ze)不需(xu)潤滑(hua)，這樣(yang)的空(kong)壓(ya)(ya)機(ji)便可輸(shu)出(chu)不含(han)油的壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)空(kong)氣。它可連續輸(shu)出(chu)無脈動(dong)的流量大的壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)空(kong)氣，出(chu)口空(kong)氣溫度為60℃左右(you)。

空壓機的種類有哪些

1、按工(gong)作原理可分為容積型、動力型（速(su)度型或透平型）、熱(re)力型壓(ya)縮(suo)機這三大類。

2、按潤滑方(fang)式可分(fen)為無油空(kong)壓機和機油潤滑空(kong)壓機。

3、按性能可(ke)分為(wei)低(di)噪音、可(ke)變頻、防爆(bao)等空壓機。

4、按用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途可分為冰箱(xiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)、空調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)、制(zhi)冷壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)、油田用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)、天然氣(qi)加(jia)氣(qi)站(zhan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、鑿巖機(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、風動(dong)工具、車輛制(zhi)動(dong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、門(men)窗啟閉用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、紡織機(ji)(ji)械用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、輪(lun)胎充氣(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、塑料機(ji)(ji)械用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)、礦用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)、船用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)、醫(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)、噴砂(sha)噴漆用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

5、按(an)型式(shi)可(ke)分為固定式(shi)、移動式(shi)、封閉式(shi)。

6、按組成結(jie)構可分為往復(fu)活塞(sai)式、旋轉(zhuan)葉片、旋轉(zhuan)螺桿(gan)這(zhe)三(san)大(da)類。