什么是商(shang)標優先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)權 哪些(xie)條件下(xia)擁有商(shang)標優先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)權

商標使用(yong)權(quan)并不是我們設計了注冊以(yi)(yi)后(hou)就可以(yi)(yi)隨(sui)意用(yong)的，因(yin)為(wei)有些商(shang)標注冊后(hou)可能(neng)與(yu)其他商(shang)標相(xiang)似或者相(xiang)類同等等情況下(xia)你(ni)是不能(neng)用(yong)的，所以(yi)(yi)，在哪些條(tiao)件下(xia)有商(shang)標優先使用(yong)權(quan)，主(zhu)要有以(yi)(yi)下(xia)幾點。

一、在他人注冊商標的申請日之前，就已經有使用的事實

這是(shi)對使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)要求，如(ru)果不具備這一條(tiao)件，就沒有(you)(you)“在(zai)先使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)”，也無法(fa)產生在(zai)先使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)權，并以此作為侵害商(shang)標(biao)權的(de)(de)抗辯事由(you)。需要注(zhu)意的(de)(de)是(shi)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)不僅限(xian)于現有(you)(you)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，如(ru)果曾經發生過業務承(cheng)繼(ji)關系的(de)(de)，現有(you)(you)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)作為承(cheng)繼(ji)人(ren)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)當然可以作為本條(tiao)件中的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。被承(cheng)繼(ji)人(ren)先前的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)應當視為現有(you)(you)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。換言之，在(zai)先使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)標(biao)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)以該商(shang)標(biao)首次商(shang)業使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)為準。

二、在先使用的商標與注冊商標相同或者近似，且使用商品或服務相同或者類似

在通常情形下，如果在先使用的商標與注冊商標在(zai)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)圖(tu)樣上不(bu)構成相(xiang)同或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)近似(si)，或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)使(shi)用(yong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)不(bu)屬于相(xiang)同或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)類似(si)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)，則(ze)(ze)使(shi)用(yong)人當(dang)然(ran)有(you)權(quan)繼續使(shi)用(yong)甚至申請(qing)注(zhu)冊該(gai)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)。如果在(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)的商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)與注(zhu)冊商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)構成使(shi)用(yong)在(zai)相(xiang)同或(huo)類似(si)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)上的近似(si)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)，依照(zhao)我國《商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)法》有(you)關申請(qing)在(zai)先(xian)和注(zhu)冊原則(ze)(ze)的一(yi)般規定(ding)，則(ze)(ze)未注(zhu)冊商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)不(bu)得(de)繼續使(shi)用(yong)，否則(ze)(ze)會構成對注(zhu)冊商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)權(quan)的侵害。但(dan)法律應(ying)當(dang)維(wei)護(hu)誠信，而不(bu)應(ying)當(dang)禁止或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)制裁(cai)正(zheng)當(dang)使(shi)用(yong)行為，因此有(you)必(bi)要(yao)在(zai)上述原則(ze)(ze)下創設例外之規定(ding)即商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)在(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)權(quan)。

三、在先使用人必須在其商品上連續使用該商標

所(suo)謂連續(xu)(xu)(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)，就是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)其(qi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)上連續(xu)(xu)(xu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)地使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)該商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)。如(ru)果(guo)在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)申請日(ri)之前曾有使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)事(shi)實(shi)，但(dan)無正(zheng)(zheng)當理(li)由(you)而中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得繼續(xu)(xu)(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)該商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)。理(li)由(you)在(zai)(zai)于：第(di)(di)一，商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)權(quan)作為(wei)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)原則的(de)(de)(de)(de)例(li)外，是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了保(bao)護(hu)在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)益(yi)，如(ru)果(guo)在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)已經中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)，其(qi)就該商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)再享(xiang)有任(ren)何利(li)(li)益(yi)，自(zi)無保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)要。第(di)(di)二，如(ru)果(guo)只是(shi)(shi)曾有使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)事(shi)實(shi)，在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)后(hou)仍可(ke)以(yi)重(zhong)新使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)，將會從根本上動(dong)搖商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)制(zhi)度，不(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)于保(bao)護(hu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)益(yi)。第(di)(di)三，在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)后(hou)允(yun)許重(zhong)新使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)于維護(hu)正(zheng)(zheng)常的(de)(de)(de)(de)公平(ping)競爭關系和維護(hu)消費者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)益(yi)。所(suo)謂正(zheng)(zheng)當理(li)由(you)，是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)非(fei)因使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)主觀上的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)。若(ruo)有正(zheng)(zheng)當理(li)由(you)中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)視為(wei)缺乏連續(xu)(xu)(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)這(zhe)一條(tiao)件。如(ru)在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)所(suo)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)為(wei)季節(jie)性造成商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)中(zhong)(zhong)止(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)。

四、在先使用必須出于善意

民法(fa)(fa)(fa)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)善(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)，通常(chang)是指非(fei)因(yin)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過失而不知(zhi)情。日本(ben)舊《商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》也規定在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)必須為(wei)(wei)(wei)善(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)，判(pan)(pan)例和一般觀點將(jiang)此理解為(wei)(wei)(wei)“無進(jin)行不正(zheng)當(dang)(dang)競爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惡意(yi)(yi)(yi)”，日本(ben)現(xian)行《商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》采(cai)納了這一觀點，在(zai)(zai)立法(fa)(fa)(fa)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)語(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇上(shang)(shang)以(yi)“非(fei)以(yi)不正(zheng)當(dang)(dang)競爭為(wei)(wei)(wei)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”取代(dai)了“善(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)”。英(ying)國有(you)判(pan)(pan)例認為(wei)(wei)(wei)，善(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)是指被(bei)告(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)沒有(you)任何(he)欺騙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)(yi)圖，也沒有(you)任何(he)借用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)他人(ren)(ren)已(yi)(yi)取得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良好信(xin)譽(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)(yi)圖。由(you)于(yu)(yu)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)實行自(zi)愿原則，在(zai)(zai)提(ti)出(chu)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)申請之前，他人(ren)(ren)就可能已(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)實際(ji)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。因(yin)此，在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)善(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)，首先(xian)是指該(gai)(gai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)將(jiang)某標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時非(fei)因(yin)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過失而不知(zhi)道他人(ren)(ren)已(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)在(zai)(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)同或(huo)(huo)(huo)者類似(si)(si)商(shang)品(pin)上(shang)(shang)實際(ji)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)與(yu)該(gai)(gai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)同或(huo)(huo)(huo)者近似(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)次，由(you)于(yu)(yu)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)核定使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)品(pin)或(huo)(huo)(huo)者服(fu)務(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)限，當(dang)(dang)該(gai)(gai)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)構(gou)成(cheng)馳名商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)時，在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)將(jiang)與(yu)該(gai)(gai)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)相(xiang)(xiang)同或(huo)(huo)(huo)者近似(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)非(fei)類似(si)(si)商(shang)品(pin)或(huo)(huo)(huo)者服(fu)務(wu)上(shang)(shang)，并產生誤(wu)導(dao)公眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后果，則該(gai)(gai)在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)難謂(wei)“出(chu)于(yu)(yu)善(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)”。當(dang)(dang)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖樣構(gou)成(cheng)著(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)權法(fa)(fa)(fa)意(yi)(yi)(yi)義上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)時，在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)將(jiang)該(gai)(gai)圖樣作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)非(fei)類似(si)(si)商(shang)品(pin)或(huo)(huo)(huo)者服(fu)務(wu)上(shang)(shang)，除(chu)非(fei)在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)能夠(gou)證明其(qi)(qi)(qi)對所使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖樣享有(you)正(zheng)當(dang)(dang)權利，否則也不能證明其(qi)(qi)(qi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)出(chu)于(yu)(yu)善(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)。