什么是商標優先使用權 哪(na)些條件下擁有商標優先使用權

商標使用權(quan)并不是(shi)我們設計了注冊以(yi)后就可以(yi)隨意用的，因為有些(xie)商標注冊后可能與其他商標相似或者相類同等等情況下(xia)你是(shi)不能用的，所以(yi)，在哪(na)些(xie)條件下(xia)有商標優先使用權(quan)，主要有以(yi)下(xia)幾點。

一、在他人注冊商標的申請日之前，就已經有使用的事實

這(zhe)是對使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)人的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，如(ru)果(guo)不(bu)具備這(zhe)一條(tiao)件，就沒(mei)有“在先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)”，也無法(fa)產生在先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)權，并以(yi)此作為侵害商(shang)標(biao)(biao)權的(de)(de)(de)抗辯(bian)事(shi)由。需(xu)要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意的(de)(de)(de)是，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)不(bu)僅限于現有使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)人的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)，如(ru)果(guo)曾經發生過(guo)業務承繼關系的(de)(de)(de)，現有使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)人作為承繼人的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)當(dang)然可以(yi)作為本(ben)條(tiao)件中的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)。被承繼人先前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)應當(dang)視為現有使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)人的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)。換言之，在先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)時(shi)間以(yi)該商(shang)標(biao)(biao)首次商(shang)業使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間為準。

二、在先使用的商標與注冊商標相同或者近似，且使用商品或服務相同或者類似

在通常情形下，如果在先使用的商標與注冊商標在商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)圖(tu)樣上不(bu)(bu)構成相同(tong)或者(zhe)近似，或者(zhe)使(shi)用(yong)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)不(bu)(bu)屬于相同(tong)或者(zhe)類似商(shang)品(pin)(pin)，則(ze)(ze)使(shi)用(yong)人當然有(you)(you)權繼續使(shi)用(yong)甚至申(shen)請(qing)(qing)注(zhu)冊(ce)該商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。如果在先使(shi)用(yong)的商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)與(yu)注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)構成使(shi)用(yong)在相同(tong)或類似商(shang)品(pin)(pin)上的近似商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，依(yi)照我國(guo)《商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法》有(you)(you)關申(shen)請(qing)(qing)在先和注(zhu)冊(ce)原則(ze)(ze)的一般規(gui)定，則(ze)(ze)未注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)不(bu)(bu)得(de)繼續使(shi)用(yong)，否則(ze)(ze)會(hui)構成對注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)權的侵(qin)害(hai)。但(dan)法律(lv)應當維護誠信，而不(bu)(bu)應當禁止或者(zhe)制裁(cai)正當使(shi)用(yong)行為，因此有(you)(you)必要在上述原則(ze)(ze)下創設例外之規(gui)定即商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)在先使(shi)用(yong)權。

三、在先使用人必須在其商品上連續使用該商標

所謂連續使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，就是(shi)(shi)指在(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)其(qi)商(shang)(shang)品上(shang)連續不中(zhong)斷地(di)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)該(gai)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)。如果(guo)在(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)申請日之前(qian)曾有(you)(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)事實(shi)，但無(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)當(dang)理由而(er)中(zhong)斷使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)，不得繼續使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)該(gai)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)。理由在(zai)于：第一(yi)，商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)在(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)權作為(wei)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)原(yuan)則的(de)(de)(de)例外，是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了保護(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)利(li)益(yi)，如果(guo)在(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)已經中(zhong)斷，其(qi)就該(gai)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)不再享有(you)(you)任何利(li)益(yi)，自(zi)無(wu)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)必要。第二(er)，如果(guo)只是(shi)(shi)曾有(you)(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)事實(shi)，在(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)后仍可以重(zhong)新使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，將(jiang)會從根本上(shang)動(dong)搖商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)制度，不利(li)于保護(hu)(hu)(hu)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)利(li)益(yi)。第三，在(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)斷后允許(xu)重(zhong)新使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，不利(li)于維護(hu)(hu)(hu)正(zheng)(zheng)常的(de)(de)(de)公平(ping)競爭關系和維護(hu)(hu)(hu)消費者的(de)(de)(de)利(li)益(yi)。所謂正(zheng)(zheng)當(dang)理由，是(shi)(shi)指非因使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)主(zhu)觀上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因中(zhong)斷使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。若有(you)(you)正(zheng)(zheng)當(dang)理由中(zhong)斷使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)，不視為(wei)缺乏連續使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)這一(yi)條件。如在(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)所使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)品為(wei)季(ji)節性造成商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)中(zhong)止(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

四、在先使用必須出于善意

民法(fa)(fa)(fa)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)，通常是指(zhi)非(fei)因自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)失(shi)而不知情(qing)。日本(ben)(ben)舊《商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》也規定在(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)必須為(wei)善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)，判(pan)例和(he)一(yi)般觀點(dian)將(jiang)此(ci)理(li)解為(wei)“無進行不正當(dang)競爭(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)惡意(yi)(yi)(yi)”，日本(ben)(ben)現行《商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》采納了(le)這一(yi)觀點(dian)，在(zai)立(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)用(yong)(yong)(yong)語的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇上(shang)以“非(fei)以不正當(dang)競爭(zheng)為(wei)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)”取代了(le)“善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)”。英國有(you)(you)判(pan)例認(ren)為(wei)，善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)是指(zhi)被告(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)沒(mei)有(you)(you)任何欺騙的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)(yi)圖(tu)，也沒(mei)有(you)(you)任何借(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)已取得的(de)(de)(de)(de)良好信譽的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)(yi)圖(tu)。由(you)于商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)實行自(zi)愿原(yuan)則，在(zai)提出商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)申請之(zhi)前，他人(ren)(ren)(ren)就可能(neng)已經實際使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)。因此(ci)，在(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)，首先(xian)(xian)是指(zhi)該使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)將(jiang)某(mou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)記作(zuo)為(wei)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)因自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)失(shi)而不知道他人(ren)(ren)(ren)已經在(zai)相(xiang)同或(huo)者(zhe)類似商(shang)(shang)品上(shang)實際使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)與該標(biao)(biao)(biao)記相(xiang)同或(huo)者(zhe)近似的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)。其次，由(you)于注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)權以其核定使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)品或(huo)者(zhe)服(fu)務為(wei)限，當(dang)該注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)構(gou)成(cheng)馳(chi)名商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，在(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)將(jiang)與該商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)相(xiang)同或(huo)者(zhe)近似的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)非(fei)類似商(shang)(shang)品或(huo)者(zhe)服(fu)務上(shang)，并產(chan)生誤導公眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)后果，則該在(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)難謂“出于善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)”。當(dang)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)樣(yang)構(gou)成(cheng)著作(zuo)權法(fa)(fa)(fa)意(yi)(yi)(yi)義(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)品時(shi)(shi)(shi)，在(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)將(jiang)該圖(tu)樣(yang)作(zuo)為(wei)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于非(fei)類似商(shang)(shang)品或(huo)者(zhe)服(fu)務上(shang)，除非(fei)在(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)能(neng)夠證明(ming)其對所(suo)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)樣(yang)享有(you)(you)正當(dang)權利，否(fou)則也不能(neng)證明(ming)其使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)出于善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)。