什么是商標優先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)權 哪些條件(jian)下(xia)擁有商標優先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)權

商標使(shi)(shi)用(yong)權并不是(shi)我們設(she)計了(le)注(zhu)冊以(yi)后(hou)就可(ke)以(yi)隨意用(yong)的，因為有些(xie)商(shang)標(biao)注(zhu)冊后(hou)可(ke)能(neng)與其他商(shang)標(biao)相(xiang)似或者相(xiang)類同等(deng)等(deng)情(qing)況下(xia)(xia)你是(shi)不能(neng)用(yong)的，所(suo)以(yi)，在哪些(xie)條件下(xia)(xia)有商(shang)標(biao)優先使(shi)(shi)用(yong)權，主要有以(yi)下(xia)(xia)幾(ji)點。

一、在他人注冊商標的申請日之前，就已經有使用的事實

這是(shi)對使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)時間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，如(ru)果(guo)不(bu)具備這一條(tiao)件，就(jiu)沒有“在(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)”，也無法產生(sheng)在(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)權(quan)，并以(yi)此作為(wei)侵害(hai)商(shang)標權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)辯事由。需要(yao)注(zhu)意的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)不(bu)僅限于現有使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)，如(ru)果(guo)曾經發(fa)生(sheng)過業務承繼關(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)，現有使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)人(ren)作為(wei)承繼人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)當然可以(yi)作為(wei)本條(tiao)件中的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)。被承繼人(ren)先(xian)(xian)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)應當視為(wei)現有使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)。換言(yan)之，在(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)商(shang)標的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)時間(jian)以(yi)該商(shang)標首次(ci)商(shang)業使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)為(wei)準。

二、在先使用的商標與注冊商標相同或者近似，且使用商品或服務相同或者類似

在通常情形下，如果在先使用的商標與注冊商標在(zai)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)圖(tu)樣上(shang)不(bu)構(gou)成(cheng)相同或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)近似，或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)使(shi)(shi)用商(shang)(shang)品不(bu)屬于相同或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)類(lei)似商(shang)(shang)品，則(ze)(ze)使(shi)(shi)用人(ren)當(dang)然(ran)有權(quan)繼(ji)續使(shi)(shi)用甚至申請(qing)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)該商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)。如果在(zai)先使(shi)(shi)用的商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)與(yu)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)構(gou)成(cheng)使(shi)(shi)用在(zai)相同或(huo)(huo)類(lei)似商(shang)(shang)品上(shang)的近似商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)，依(yi)照我國(guo)《商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)法》有關(guan)申請(qing)在(zai)先和(he)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)原(yuan)則(ze)(ze)的一般(ban)規(gui)定(ding)，則(ze)(ze)未注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)不(bu)得繼(ji)續使(shi)(shi)用，否則(ze)(ze)會構(gou)成(cheng)對(dui)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)權(quan)的侵(qin)害(hai)。但法律應(ying)當(dang)維護(hu)誠信，而不(bu)應(ying)當(dang)禁止或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)制裁正當(dang)使(shi)(shi)用行為，因此有必(bi)要在(zai)上(shang)述原(yuan)則(ze)(ze)下創設例外之(zhi)規(gui)定(ding)即商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)在(zai)先使(shi)(shi)用權(quan)。

三、在先使用人必須在其商品上連續使用該商標

所(suo)謂(wei)(wei)連(lian)續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，就(jiu)是(shi)指在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)上(shang)(shang)連(lian)續(xu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)斷(duan)地使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該(gai)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)。如果在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)注冊(ce)(ce)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)申請日之前曾(ceng)有使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)事實，但無正(zheng)當(dang)理由而中(zhong)斷(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得繼續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該(gai)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)。理由在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)：第(di)(di)一，商(shang)(shang)標(biao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權作為(wei)(wei)注冊(ce)(ce)原則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)例外，是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)益(yi)，如果在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)已經中(zhong)斷(duan)，其(qi)就(jiu)該(gai)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)再享有任何利(li)(li)益(yi)，自無保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)必要。第(di)(di)二(er)，如果只(zhi)是(shi)曾(ceng)有使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)事實，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)注冊(ce)(ce)后(hou)仍(reng)可以(yi)重(zhong)新(xin)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，將會從根(gen)本上(shang)(shang)動搖商(shang)(shang)標(biao)注冊(ce)(ce)制度，不(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)于(yu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)注冊(ce)(ce)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)益(yi)。第(di)(di)三(san)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)斷(duan)后(hou)允許重(zhong)新(xin)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)于(yu)維護(hu)(hu)(hu)正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)平競(jing)爭(zheng)關系和維護(hu)(hu)(hu)消費者的(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)益(yi)。所(suo)謂(wei)(wei)正(zheng)當(dang)理由，是(shi)指非因使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)主觀上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)原因中(zhong)斷(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。若(ruo)有正(zheng)當(dang)理由中(zhong)斷(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)視為(wei)(wei)缺乏連(lian)續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)這一條件。如在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)所(suo)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)為(wei)(wei)季節性造成商(shang)(shang)標(biao)中(zhong)止使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

四、在先使用必須出于善意

民法上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)，通常(chang)是(shi)指非(fei)因自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)過失(shi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)知情。日(ri)本舊《商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)法》也(ye)規定在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)必須為(wei)善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)，判例(li)和一(yi)般觀(guan)點(dian)將此(ci)理解為(wei)“無進(jin)行(xing)不(bu)(bu)正當(dang)(dang)競爭的(de)(de)惡意(yi)(yi)(yi)”，日(ri)本現(xian)行(xing)《商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)法》采納(na)了這一(yi)觀(guan)點(dian)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)立法用(yong)(yong)語(yu)的(de)(de)選擇上(shang)(shang)以(yi)“非(fei)以(yi)不(bu)(bu)正當(dang)(dang)競爭為(wei)目的(de)(de)”取代了“善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)”。英國有(you)判例(li)認為(wei)，善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)指被告的(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)沒有(you)任(ren)(ren)何欺(qi)騙的(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)(yi)圖(tu)，也(ye)沒有(you)任(ren)(ren)何借用(yong)(yong)他人(ren)(ren)已(yi)(yi)取得的(de)(de)良(liang)好信(xin)譽的(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)(yi)圖(tu)。由于商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)注冊實(shi)行(xing)自(zi)(zi)愿原則，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)提出商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)注冊申請之前，他人(ren)(ren)就可能已(yi)(yi)經實(shi)際使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)。因此(ci)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)，首先(xian)(xian)是(shi)指該(gai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)將某標(biao)(biao)記作為(wei)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)時(shi)非(fei)因自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)過失(shi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)知道他人(ren)(ren)已(yi)(yi)經在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)相(xiang)同或(huo)者類似(si)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)上(shang)(shang)實(shi)際使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)與(yu)該(gai)標(biao)(biao)記相(xiang)同或(huo)者近似(si)的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)。其(qi)(qi)次，由于注冊商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)專用(yong)(yong)權(quan)以(yi)其(qi)(qi)核定使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)或(huo)者服務(wu)為(wei)限，當(dang)(dang)該(gai)注冊商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)構成(cheng)馳名商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)時(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)將與(yu)該(gai)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)相(xiang)同或(huo)者近似(si)的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)非(fei)類似(si)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)或(huo)者服務(wu)上(shang)(shang)，并產生(sheng)誤導公(gong)眾的(de)(de)后(hou)果，則該(gai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)難謂“出于善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)”。當(dang)(dang)注冊商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)圖(tu)樣(yang)構成(cheng)著(zhu)作權(quan)法意(yi)(yi)(yi)義上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)作品(pin)(pin)(pin)時(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)將該(gai)圖(tu)樣(yang)作為(wei)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)于非(fei)類似(si)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)或(huo)者服務(wu)上(shang)(shang)，除非(fei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)能夠證明其(qi)(qi)對所(suo)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)圖(tu)樣(yang)享有(you)正當(dang)(dang)權(quan)利，否則也(ye)不(bu)(bu)能證明其(qi)(qi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)出于善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)。