什么是商(shang)標優先(xian)使用權 哪些(xie)條件下擁有商(shang)標優先(xian)使用權

商標使用(yong)權并不(bu)是我們(men)設計了注(zhu)冊以(yi)后(hou)就可以(yi)隨意用(yong)的(de)，因為有些(xie)商(shang)標注(zhu)冊后(hou)可能與(yu)其他商(shang)標相(xiang)似或(huo)者相(xiang)類同等等情況(kuang)下你是不(bu)能用(yong)的(de)，所(suo)以(yi)，在哪些(xie)條件(jian)下有商(shang)標優(you)先使用(yong)權，主要有以(yi)下幾(ji)點(dian)。

一、在他人注冊商標的申請日之前，就已經有使用的事實

這是對使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，如(ru)果(guo)不(bu)具備這一(yi)條件，就沒有(you)“在(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)”，也(ye)無法(fa)產生(sheng)在(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權，并以此作為侵害(hai)商(shang)標權的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗辯事由。需要(yao)注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是，使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)僅限(xian)于現有(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，如(ru)果(guo)曾經發生(sheng)過(guo)業(ye)務承繼關系的(de)(de)(de)(de)，現有(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)作為承繼人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)當(dang)然可以作為本(ben)條件中的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。被承繼人(ren)先前的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)應當(dang)視為現有(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。換言之，在(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時間(jian)以該(gai)商(shang)標首次商(shang)業(ye)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)為準。

二、在先使用的商標與注冊商標相同或者近似，且使用商品或服務相同或者類似

在通常情形下，如果在先使用的商標與注冊商標在(zai)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)圖樣上(shang)不(bu)構成相同(tong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)者(zhe)近似(si)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)者(zhe)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品不(bu)屬于相同(tong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)者(zhe)類似(si)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品，則(ze)(ze)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人當(dang)(dang)然有權(quan)繼續使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)甚至申請注(zhu)冊(ce)該商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)。如果(guo)在(zai)先使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)與(yu)注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)構成使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)相同(tong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)類似(si)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品上(shang)的(de)近似(si)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)，依照我(wo)國(guo)《商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)法(fa)》有關申請在(zai)先和注(zhu)冊(ce)原(yuan)則(ze)(ze)的(de)一般規定(ding)，則(ze)(ze)未注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)不(bu)得(de)繼續使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，否則(ze)(ze)會構成對注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)權(quan)的(de)侵害。但法(fa)律應(ying)當(dang)(dang)維護(hu)誠信，而不(bu)應(ying)當(dang)(dang)禁(jin)止(zhi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)者(zhe)制裁正當(dang)(dang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)行為(wei)，因此有必要在(zai)上(shang)述原(yuan)則(ze)(ze)下創設(she)例外之(zhi)規定(ding)即(ji)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)在(zai)先使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)權(quan)。

三、在先使用人必須在其商品上連續使用該商標

所(suo)謂連(lian)續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)在(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)在(zai)其(qi)(qi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)上(shang)連(lian)續(xu)不中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)地使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)。如果在(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)在(zai)他人(ren)注冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)的(de)申請日之前曾有使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)事實，但無(wu)正(zheng)當理(li)由而中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)，不得繼續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)。理(li)由在(zai)于(yu)：第(di)一，商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)在(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權作為(wei)注冊(ce)原(yuan)則的(de)例外，是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了保護(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)利益(yi)，如果在(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)已(yi)經中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)，其(qi)(qi)就(jiu)該商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)不再享有任何利益(yi)，自無(wu)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)必要。第(di)二，如果只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)曾有使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)事實，在(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)在(zai)他人(ren)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)注冊(ce)后(hou)(hou)仍(reng)可以重(zhong)新使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，將會從根(gen)本上(shang)動搖商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)注冊(ce)制度，不利于(yu)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)注冊(ce)人(ren)的(de)利益(yi)。第(di)三，在(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)后(hou)(hou)允許重(zhong)新使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，不利于(yu)維護(hu)(hu)(hu)正(zheng)常的(de)公平(ping)競爭關系和維護(hu)(hu)(hu)消費者的(de)利益(yi)。所(suo)謂正(zheng)當理(li)由，是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)非因(yin)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)主觀(guan)上(shang)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。若有正(zheng)當理(li)由中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)，不視為(wei)缺乏(fa)連(lian)續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)這一條件。如在(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)所(suo)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)為(wei)季節性造成商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)中(zhong)(zhong)止使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

四、在先使用必須出于善意

民法(fa)(fa)上(shang)(shang)的善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)，通常是指非因(yin)自(zi)己(ji)的過失(shi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)情。日本舊《商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法(fa)(fa)》也規(gui)定在(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)必須為(wei)善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)，判例(li)(li)和一般觀點(dian)將此理解為(wei)“無進(jin)行不(bu)(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)當競爭(zheng)的惡意(yi)(yi)(yi)”，日本現行《商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法(fa)(fa)》采納了這一觀點(dian)，在(zai)立法(fa)(fa)用(yong)(yong)語的選擇上(shang)(shang)以(yi)“非以(yi)不(bu)(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)當競爭(zheng)為(wei)目的”取代(dai)了“善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)”。英國有判例(li)(li)認為(wei)，善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)是指被告的行為(wei)沒(mei)有任(ren)(ren)何(he)欺騙(pian)的意(yi)(yi)(yi)圖(tu)，也沒(mei)有任(ren)(ren)何(he)借用(yong)(yong)他(ta)(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)已取得的良好(hao)信(xin)譽的意(yi)(yi)(yi)圖(tu)。由(you)于商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注冊實(shi)(shi)行自(zi)愿(yuan)原則(ze)，在(zai)提出(chu)(chu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注冊申請之前(qian)，他(ta)(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)就可能(neng)已經實(shi)(shi)際(ji)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。因(yin)此，在(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)，首先(xian)是指該(gai)(gai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)將某標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記作(zuo)為(wei)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)非因(yin)自(zi)己(ji)的過失(shi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)道他(ta)(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)已經在(zai)相(xiang)同(tong)或(huo)者(zhe)類(lei)似商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)上(shang)(shang)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)與該(gai)(gai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記相(xiang)同(tong)或(huo)者(zhe)近似的商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。其(qi)次，由(you)于注冊商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)專用(yong)(yong)權以(yi)其(qi)核定使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)或(huo)者(zhe)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)為(wei)限，當該(gai)(gai)注冊商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)構(gou)成(cheng)馳名商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)時(shi)(shi)，在(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)將與該(gai)(gai)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)相(xiang)同(tong)或(huo)者(zhe)近似的商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)非類(lei)似商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)或(huo)者(zhe)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)，并產生誤導公眾的后果，則(ze)該(gai)(gai)在(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)難謂“出(chu)(chu)于善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)”。當注冊商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的圖(tu)樣(yang)構(gou)成(cheng)著作(zuo)權法(fa)(fa)意(yi)(yi)(yi)義上(shang)(shang)的作(zuo)品(pin)時(shi)(shi)，在(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)將該(gai)(gai)圖(tu)樣(yang)作(zuo)為(wei)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)于非類(lei)似商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)或(huo)者(zhe)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)，除非在(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)能(neng)夠證明其(qi)對(dui)所使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的圖(tu)樣(yang)享(xiang)有正(zheng)(zheng)當權利(li)，否則(ze)也不(bu)(bu)能(neng)證明其(qi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)出(chu)(chu)于善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)。