什么是商(shang)標(biao)優(you)先使用(yong)權(quan) 哪些條件下(xia)擁有商(shang)標(biao)優(you)先使用(yong)權(quan)

商標使用權(quan)并(bing)不是(shi)我們設(she)計了注(zhu)冊(ce)以后(hou)(hou)就可以隨意用的(de)(de)，因為(wei)有些商(shang)標(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)后(hou)(hou)可能與(yu)其他(ta)商(shang)標(biao)相似或者相類同(tong)等等情況下你是(shi)不能用的(de)(de)，所以，在哪些條件下有商(shang)標(biao)優先使用權(quan)，主(zhu)要有以下幾點(dian)。

一、在他人注冊商標的申請日之前，就已經有使用的事實

這是對使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時間(jian)的要(yao)求，如果不(bu)具備這一條(tiao)件，就沒有(you)“在先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)”，也無(wu)法產生(sheng)在先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)權，并以(yi)此作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)侵(qin)害商標(biao)權的抗辯事由。需要(yao)注(zhu)意的是，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)僅限(xian)于(yu)現有(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，如果曾(ceng)經發生(sheng)過業務承繼(ji)關系的，現有(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)承繼(ji)人(ren)的使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)當然可以(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)本(ben)條(tiao)件中(zhong)的使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。被承繼(ji)人(ren)先(xian)前的使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)應(ying)當視為(wei)(wei)現有(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。換言之，在先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)商標(biao)的使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時間(jian)以(yi)該商標(biao)首(shou)次商業使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的時間(jian)為(wei)(wei)準。

二、在先使用的商標與注冊商標相同或者近似，且使用商品或服務相同或者類似

在通常情形下，如果在先使用的商標與注冊商標在(zai)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)圖樣上不(bu)(bu)構(gou)成(cheng)相同(tong)(tong)或(huo)(huo)者近(jin)似，或(huo)(huo)者使(shi)(shi)(shi)用商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)不(bu)(bu)屬于相同(tong)(tong)或(huo)(huo)者類(lei)似商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)，則(ze)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用人當(dang)然有權(quan)繼(ji)續使(shi)(shi)(shi)用甚至申請(qing)注(zhu)冊該商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)。如(ru)果在(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)與(yu)注(zhu)冊商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)構(gou)成(cheng)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用在(zai)相同(tong)(tong)或(huo)(huo)類(lei)似商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)上的(de)(de)近(jin)似商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)，依照(zhao)我(wo)國《商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)法》有關申請(qing)在(zai)先和注(zhu)冊原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)的(de)(de)一般規定，則(ze)未注(zhu)冊商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)不(bu)(bu)得(de)繼(ji)續使(shi)(shi)(shi)用，否則(ze)會構(gou)成(cheng)對注(zhu)冊商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)權(quan)的(de)(de)侵害。但法律應當(dang)維(wei)護(hu)誠信，而不(bu)(bu)應當(dang)禁止或(huo)(huo)者制裁(cai)正當(dang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用行為，因此(ci)有必(bi)要在(zai)上述原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)下(xia)創(chuang)設(she)例外之規定即商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)在(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)用權(quan)。

三、在先使用人必須在其商品上連續使用該商標

所謂連續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，就(jiu)是指(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品上連續(xu)不(bu)(bu)中(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)地使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)。如果(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)他人(ren)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)的(de)(de)申請日(ri)之前(qian)曾有(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)事實，但無正當(dang)理由而中(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)得繼續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)。理由在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)：第(di)一(yi)，商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權作(zuo)為注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)原(yuan)則的(de)(de)例外(wai)，是為了保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)利益(yi)，如果(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)已(yi)經中(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)，其就(jiu)該商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)不(bu)(bu)再享有(you)任何利益(yi)，自無保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)必要。第(di)二，如果(guo)只是曾有(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)事實，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)他人(ren)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)后(hou)仍可以(yi)重新使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，將會(hui)從根本上動搖商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)制(zhi)度(du)，不(bu)(bu)利于(yu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)人(ren)的(de)(de)利益(yi)。第(di)三，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)后(hou)允許重新使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，不(bu)(bu)利于(yu)維(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)正常的(de)(de)公平競爭關(guan)系和維(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)消費者的(de)(de)利益(yi)。所謂正當(dang)理由，是指(zhi)(zhi)非因使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)主(zhu)觀上的(de)(de)原(yuan)因中(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。若有(you)正當(dang)理由中(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)視為缺乏連續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)這(zhe)一(yi)條件。如在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)所使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品為季節性造成商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)中(zhong)止使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

四、在先使用必須出于善意

民法(fa)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)善意(yi)(yi)(yi)，通常(chang)是指(zhi)(zhi)非因(yin)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過失而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)知情。日本(ben)舊《商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)法(fa)》也(ye)(ye)規定在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)必須為(wei)(wei)善意(yi)(yi)(yi)，判例(li)和一般觀(guan)(guan)點(dian)將(jiang)此理解為(wei)(wei)“無進行不(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)當(dang)(dang)競爭(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惡意(yi)(yi)(yi)”，日本(ben)現行《商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)法(fa)》采納了(le)這一觀(guan)(guan)點(dian)，在(zai)(zai)立法(fa)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)語的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇上(shang)(shang)以“非以不(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)當(dang)(dang)競爭(zheng)為(wei)(wei)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”取代(dai)了(le)“善意(yi)(yi)(yi)”。英國有(you)(you)判例(li)認為(wei)(wei)，善意(yi)(yi)(yi)是指(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)告的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)(wei)沒(mei)有(you)(you)任何(he)欺騙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)(yi)圖，也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)有(you)(you)任何(he)借用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)已取得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良(liang)好信譽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)(yi)圖。由(you)于商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊實(shi)行自愿原則，在(zai)(zai)提出商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊申請之(zhi)前，他(ta)人(ren)(ren)就可能(neng)已經實(shi)際(ji)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)。因(yin)此，在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)善意(yi)(yi)(yi)，首先(xian)(xian)是指(zhi)(zhi)該使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)將(jiang)某標(biao)(biao)記(ji)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時非因(yin)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過失而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)知道他(ta)人(ren)(ren)已經在(zai)(zai)相同或(huo)者(zhe)類似商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)上(shang)(shang)實(shi)際(ji)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)與該標(biao)(biao)記(ji)相同或(huo)者(zhe)近似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)次，由(you)于注(zhu)冊商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權以其(qi)(qi)(qi)核定使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)或(huo)者(zhe)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)限，當(dang)(dang)該注(zhu)冊商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)構成馳名商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)時，在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)將(jiang)與該商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)相同或(huo)者(zhe)近似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)非類似商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)或(huo)者(zhe)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)，并產生誤導公(gong)眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)果(guo)，則該在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)難(nan)謂“出于善意(yi)(yi)(yi)”。當(dang)(dang)注(zhu)冊商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖樣構成著作(zuo)權法(fa)意(yi)(yi)(yi)義上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)品(pin)時，在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)將(jiang)該圖樣作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于非類似商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)或(huo)者(zhe)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)，除非在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)能(neng)夠證明其(qi)(qi)(qi)對所使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖樣享有(you)(you)正(zheng)當(dang)(dang)權利(li)，否則也(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)證明其(qi)(qi)(qi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)出于善意(yi)(yi)(yi)。