【速度繼電(dian)器工(gong)作(zuo)原理(li)】速度繼電(dian)器原理(li)作(zuo)用有哪(na)些 磁保持繼電(dian)器原理(li)

速度繼電器因(yin)他(ta)的(de)性(xing)能，可以用(yong)來監測船舶(bo)、火車的(de)內(nei)燃機(ji)引擎，以及氣體、水和風力渦輪機(ji)，還(huan)可以用(yong)于造紙業、箔的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產和紡(fang)織業生(sheng)(sheng)產上。在船用(yong)柴(chai)油機(ji)以及很多柴(chai)油發(fa)電機(ji)組(zu)的(de)應用(yong)中(zhong)，速(su)(su)度繼(ji)電器作為一個二次安全回路(lu)，當緊(jin)急(ji)情況產生(sheng)(sheng)時，迅(xun)速(su)(su)關閉(bi)引擎。

速度繼電器的工作原理

它(ta)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)是一個永久磁(ci)鐵，與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)或機(ji)(ji)械軸連接，隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)而旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)與(yu)(yu)鼠籠轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)相似，內有短(duan)路(lu)(lu)條，它(ta)也能圍繞著轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)軸轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。當轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)隨(sui)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)，它(ta)的磁(ci)場與(yu)(yu)定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)條相切割，產生感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)勢及感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)流，這與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的工(gong)作原理相同(tong)，故定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)隨(sui)著轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)而轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)起來(lai)。定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)杠桿(gan)，杠桿(gan)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)觸(chu)點(dian)，使之閉合與(yu)(yu)分斷。當電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)方向改變(bian)時(shi)(shi)，繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)與(yu)(yu)定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向也改變(bian)，這時(shi)(shi)定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)就可(ke)以觸(chu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)另外一組觸(chu)點(dian)，使之分斷與(yu)(yu)閉合。當電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)停止(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的觸(chu)點(dian)即恢(hui)復原來(lai)的靜止(zhi)狀態(tai)。

速度繼電器在電路中的作用

由(you)于繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)工作時是與電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)同軸的，不論電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)正轉(zhuan)或(huo)反(fan)轉(zhuan)，電器(qi)(qi)的兩個常(chang)開(kai)觸(chu)點(dian)，就有一(yi)個閉合，準備(bei)實行電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的制動(dong)(dong)。一(yi)旦開(kai)始制動(dong)(dong)時，由(you)控制系統的聯鎖觸(chu)點(dian)和速(su)度繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)的備(bei)用的閉合觸(chu)點(dian)，形(xing)成一(yi)個電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)相序反(fan)接（俗稱倒相）電路，使電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)在反(fan)接制動(dong)(dong)下(xia)停車。而當電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的轉(zhuan)速(su)接近零(ling)時，速(su)度繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)的制動(dong)(dong)常(chang)開(kai)觸(chu)點(dian)分斷，從而切(qie)斷電源(yuan)，使電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)制動(dong)(dong)狀態(tai)結束。

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常用的速度繼電器分類

常(chang)(chang)用的(de)速度(du)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器有JY1型(xing)和JFZ0型(xing)兩種。其中，JY1型(xing)可(ke)在(zai)700～3600r/min范(fan)圍內可(ke)靠地工作(zuo)(zuo)；JFZO－1型(xing)使用于300～1000r/min；JFZO-2型(xing)適用于1000～3600r/min。他們具有兩個(ge)常(chang)(chang)開觸(chu)點、兩個(ge)常(chang)(chang)閉觸(chu)點，觸(chu)電(dian)額(e)定電(dian)壓(ya)為380V，額(e)定電(dian)流為2A。一般(ban)速度(du)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器的(de)轉軸在(zai)130r/min左右即(ji)能(neng)動作(zuo)(zuo)，在(zai)100r/min時(shi)觸(chu)頭即(ji)能(neng)恢復(fu)到(dao)正常(chang)(chang)位(wei)置。可(ke)以通過螺釘的(de)調(diao)節(jie)來改(gai)變速度(du)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器動作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)轉速，以適應控(kong)制電(dian)路的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。

磁保持繼電器原理

動作原理：磁保持繼電器其觸點開(kai)、合狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)平(ping)時由永(yong)久磁(ci)鐵所產生的磁(ci)力所保持。當繼(ji)電器(qi)的觸點需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)開(kai)或(huo)合狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)時，只需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)用正（反）直流脈沖(chong)電壓激(ji)勵線圈，繼(ji)電器(qi)在瞬間就(jiu)(jiu)完成了(le)開(kai)與(yu)合的狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)轉(zhuan)換。通常觸點處于保持狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)時，線圈不(bu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)繼(ji)續通電，僅靠永(yong)久磁(ci)鐵的磁(ci)力就(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)維(wei)持繼(ji)電器(qi)的狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)不(bu)變。

動作過程：當繼電器的(de)觸點需(xu)要置(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)(wei)時，只需(xu)要用正直流脈沖電壓(ya)激勵線圈(quan)J2，線圈(quan)J2勵磁后產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)磁極(ji)與永磁鐵的(de)磁極(ji)相互作用，同極(ji)性(xing)相互排斥，異極(ji)性(xing)相互吸引，使得繼(ji)電器在瞬間(jian)就完(wan)成了復(fu)(fu)位(wei)(wei)到置(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)(wei)的(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)。示意圖1-4演示了具體狀(zhuang)態(tai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)過程(cheng)。磁保持繼(ji)電器由置(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)(wei)狀(zhuang)態(tai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)為復(fu)(fu)位(wei)(wei)狀(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)過程(cheng)同理。