【速度繼(ji)電器工作(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)】速度繼(ji)電器原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)作(zuo)用有(you)哪些(xie) 磁保持繼(ji)電器原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)

速度繼電器因(yin)他(ta)的(de)(de)性能，可以(yi)用來(lai)監測船舶(bo)、火車的(de)(de)內燃機(ji)(ji)引擎，以(yi)及(ji)氣體(ti)、水(shui)和(he)風(feng)力渦(wo)輪機(ji)(ji)，還(huan)可以(yi)用于造(zao)紙業、箔的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)紡(fang)織業生(sheng)產(chan)上(shang)。在船用柴(chai)(chai)油機(ji)(ji)以(yi)及(ji)很多柴(chai)(chai)油發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)應用中，速度繼電(dian)器作為一個(ge)二(er)次安全回(hui)路，當緊急情況產(chan)生(sheng)時，迅(xun)速關閉引擎。

速度繼電器的工作原理

它(ta)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)是(shi)一個永(yong)久(jiu)磁鐵，與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)或機(ji)械(xie)軸連(lian)接，隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)而旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)與(yu)鼠籠轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)相似，內(nei)有短路(lu)條，它(ta)也能圍繞著轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)軸轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。當轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)隨(sui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時，它(ta)的磁場與(yu)定(ding)子(zi)短路(lu)條相切割，產生感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)及(ji)感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這(zhe)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的工作原理相同，故定(ding)子(zi)隨(sui)著轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)而轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)起來。定(ding)子(zi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)杠桿，杠桿推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)觸點(dian)，使之閉合與(yu)分(fen)斷(duan)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)方向改變時，繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)與(yu)定(ding)子(zi)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向也改變，這(zhe)時定(ding)子(zi)就可以觸動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)另外一組觸點(dian)，使之分(fen)斷(duan)與(yu)閉合。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)停止(zhi)時，繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的觸點(dian)即恢復(fu)原來的靜(jing)止(zhi)狀態(tai)。

速度繼電器在電路中的作用

由于(yu)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)工作時(shi)是與電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機同軸的(de)(de)，不論(lun)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機正轉或反轉，電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)兩個常開觸點(dian)(dian)，就(jiu)有一(yi)個閉合，準備實行電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機的(de)(de)制動(dong)。一(yi)旦開始制動(dong)時(shi)，由控制系統的(de)(de)聯鎖觸點(dian)(dian)和(he)速度繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)備用的(de)(de)閉合觸點(dian)(dian)，形(xing)成一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機相序反接（俗稱倒(dao)相）電(dian)(dian)路，使電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機在反接制動(dong)下停(ting)車。而當電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機的(de)(de)轉速接近(jin)零(ling)時(shi)，速度繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)制動(dong)常開觸點(dian)(dian)分斷，從而切斷電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，使電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機制動(dong)狀態結束。

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常用的速度繼電器分類

常(chang)(chang)用的速度繼電(dian)器(qi)有(you)JY1型和JFZ0型兩種。其中(zhong)，JY1型可(ke)在(zai)(zai)700～3600r/min范圍內可(ke)靠(kao)地工作(zuo)；JFZO－1型使(shi)用于300～1000r/min；JFZO-2型適用于1000～3600r/min。他(ta)們具有(you)兩個常(chang)(chang)開觸(chu)點(dian)、兩個常(chang)(chang)閉觸(chu)點(dian)，觸(chu)電(dian)額定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)380V，額定(ding)電(dian)流為(wei)2A。一般速度繼電(dian)器(qi)的轉軸(zhou)在(zai)(zai)130r/min左(zuo)右即(ji)能動作(zuo)，在(zai)(zai)100r/min時觸(chu)頭即(ji)能恢復到正常(chang)(chang)位置。可(ke)以通過(guo)螺釘的調節來(lai)改(gai)變(bian)速度繼電(dian)器(qi)動作(zuo)的轉速，以適應控(kong)制電(dian)路的要(yao)求。

磁保持繼電器原理

動作原理：磁保持繼電器其觸點開(kai)(kai)、合(he)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)平時由永久磁鐵(tie)所產生的(de)(de)磁力所保持。當繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)觸點需(xu)要開(kai)(kai)或合(he)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)時，只需(xu)要用(yong)正（反）直流脈(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)壓激勵線(xian)(xian)圈，繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)在(zai)瞬間就完成了開(kai)(kai)與(yu)合(he)的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)轉換。通常觸點處于(yu)保持狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)時，線(xian)(xian)圈不需(xu)要繼續通電(dian)(dian)，僅(jin)靠永久磁鐵(tie)的(de)(de)磁力就能維持繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)不變(bian)。

動作過程：當繼電器的觸點(dian)需(xu)要置位(wei)時，只需(xu)要用正直流脈沖(chong)電壓激勵線(xian)圈(quan)J2，線(xian)圈(quan)J2勵磁(ci)后(hou)產生的磁(ci)極與永磁(ci)鐵的磁(ci)極相互(hu)(hu)作用，同極性相互(hu)(hu)排斥，異(yi)極性相互(hu)(hu)吸引，使得繼電器在瞬間就完成(cheng)了復(fu)位(wei)到置位(wei)的狀態(tai)轉換(huan)。示意(yi)圖1-4演(yan)示了具(ju)體狀態(tai)轉換(huan)過(guo)程(cheng)。磁(ci)保(bao)持(chi)繼電器由(you)置位(wei)狀態(tai)轉換(huan)為復(fu)位(wei)狀態(tai)的過(guo)程(cheng)同理。