【速度(du)繼電器工作(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)】速度(du)繼電器原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)作(zuo)用有哪些(xie) 磁保持繼電器原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)
速度繼電器因他(ta)的(de)性能,可以(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來監測(ce)船舶、火車的(de)內(nei)燃機引擎,以(yi)及氣體、水和風力渦(wo)輪機,還可以(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)造紙業、箔的(de)生產(chan)和紡織業生產(chan)上。在船用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)柴油機以(yi)及很多柴油發電(dian)機組(zu)的(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中,速(su)度繼電(dian)器作為一(yi)個二(er)次安(an)全回路,當緊急(ji)情(qing)況產(chan)生時,迅速(su)關閉引擎。
速度繼電器的工作原理
它(ta)(ta)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子是一(yi)個永久磁(ci)鐵(tie),與(yu)電(dian)動(dong)機或機械軸連接,隨著(zhu)電(dian)動(dong)機旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)而旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子與(yu)鼠籠轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子相似,內有短路條(tiao),它(ta)(ta)也(ye)能圍繞(rao)著(zhu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)軸轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)。當轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子隨電(dian)動(dong)機轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)時(shi),它(ta)(ta)的磁(ci)場與(yu)定(ding)子短路條(tiao)相切割,產生感應電(dian)勢及感應電(dian)流,這與(yu)電(dian)動(dong)機的工作原理(li)相同,故定(ding)子隨著(zhu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)而轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)起來。定(ding)子轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)時(shi)帶動(dong)杠桿(gan),杠桿(gan)推(tui)動(dong)觸(chu)點,使之閉合(he)(he)與(yu)分斷。當電(dian)動(dong)機旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)方向改變(bian)時(shi),繼(ji)電(dian)器的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子與(yu)定(ding)子的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向也(ye)改變(bian),這時(shi)定(ding)子就可以觸(chu)動(dong)另外一(yi)組觸(chu)點,使之分斷與(yu)閉合(he)(he)。當電(dian)動(dong)機停止時(shi),繼(ji)電(dian)器的觸(chu)點即恢復原來的靜止狀態(tai)。
速度繼電器在電路中的作用
由于繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器工作時是與電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)同軸的(de),不論電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)正(zheng)轉或反(fan)轉,電(dian)(dian)器的(de)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)常開(kai)(kai)觸點(dian)(dian),就有一(yi)個(ge)(ge)閉(bi)合,準備實(shi)行電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)。一(yi)旦開(kai)(kai)始制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)時,由控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系統的(de)聯鎖觸點(dian)(dian)和速度繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)備用的(de)閉(bi)合觸點(dian)(dian),形(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)相序(xu)反(fan)接(jie)(俗稱(cheng)倒相)電(dian)(dian)路,使(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)反(fan)接(jie)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)下停車。而當(dang)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)轉速接(jie)近零時,速度繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)常開(kai)(kai)觸點(dian)(dian)分斷,從而切斷電(dian)(dian)源,使(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)狀態結束(shu)。
常用的速度繼電器分類
常用的(de)速度(du)繼電(dian)(dian)器有(you)JY1型和(he)JFZ0型兩(liang)種。其中,JY1型可在(zai)(zai)700~3600r/min范圍(wei)內可靠地工作;JFZO-1型使用于300~1000r/min;JFZO-2型適用于1000~3600r/min。他們具有(you)兩(liang)個常開觸(chu)點(dian)、兩(liang)個常閉觸(chu)點(dian),觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)額定電(dian)(dian)壓為380V,額定電(dian)(dian)流為2A。一般(ban)速度(du)繼電(dian)(dian)器的(de)轉軸(zhou)在(zai)(zai)130r/min左右即能動作,在(zai)(zai)100r/min時觸(chu)頭即能恢復到(dao)正常位(wei)置。可以通過(guo)螺釘的(de)調節(jie)來改變(bian)速度(du)繼電(dian)(dian)器動作的(de)轉速,以適應控制電(dian)(dian)路的(de)要求。
磁保持繼電器原理
動作原理:磁保持繼電器其觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)開、合狀態平時(shi)由永久磁鐵(tie)(tie)所(suo)(suo)產生的(de)(de)磁力(li)(li)所(suo)(suo)保(bao)持。當繼(ji)電器(qi)的(de)(de)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)需(xu)(xu)要開或合狀態時(shi),只(zhi)需(xu)(xu)要用正(zheng)(反(fan))直流脈沖電壓激(ji)勵線(xian)圈,繼(ji)電器(qi)在瞬間就完(wan)成了開與合的(de)(de)狀態轉換(huan)。通(tong)常觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)處于保(bao)持狀態時(shi),線(xian)圈不需(xu)(xu)要繼(ji)續通(tong)電,僅(jin)靠(kao)永久磁鐵(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)磁力(li)(li)就能維持繼(ji)電器(qi)的(de)(de)狀態不變(bian)。
動作過程:當繼電器的(de)(de)觸(chu)點需要(yao)置(zhi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)時,只需要(yao)用(yong)正直流脈沖電(dian)(dian)壓激勵線(xian)(xian)圈J2,線(xian)(xian)圈J2勵磁(ci)后產生的(de)(de)磁(ci)極(ji)(ji)與永磁(ci)鐵(tie)的(de)(de)磁(ci)極(ji)(ji)相(xiang)互作用(yong),同極(ji)(ji)性(xing)相(xiang)互排(pai)斥,異極(ji)(ji)性(xing)相(xiang)互吸(xi)引,使得繼電(dian)(dian)器在瞬間(jian)就完成(cheng)了復位(wei)(wei)(wei)到置(zhi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)轉換(huan)。示意圖(tu)1-4演示了具體狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)轉換(huan)過(guo)程(cheng)。磁(ci)保持繼電(dian)(dian)器由置(zhi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)轉換(huan)為(wei)復位(wei)(wei)(wei)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)同理(li)。