【速(su)(su)度繼(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)工作(zuo)原(yuan)理】速(su)(su)度繼(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)原(yuan)理作(zuo)用(yong)有哪些 磁保持繼(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)原(yuan)理

速度繼電器因他的性能，可以(yi)用來監測船舶(bo)、火車的內燃機(ji)引擎，以(yi)及氣體、水和風力渦(wo)輪(lun)機(ji)，還可以(yi)用于(yu)造紙業、箔的生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和紡(fang)織業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)上。在(zai)船用柴油機(ji)以(yi)及很多柴油發電機(ji)組的應(ying)用中，速(su)度繼電器作為(wei)一個二(er)次安全回路(lu)，當緊急情況產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)時，迅(xun)速(su)關閉引擎。

速度繼電器的工作原理

它的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)是一個永久(jiu)磁(ci)鐵，與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)或機(ji)械軸連接(jie)，隨著電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)而旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)與(yu)(yu)鼠(shu)籠(long)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)相(xiang)(xiang)似，內有(you)短路(lu)條，它也(ye)能(neng)圍繞著轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)軸轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。當(dang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)隨電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，它的(de)(de)磁(ci)場(chang)與(yu)(yu)定(ding)子(zi)短路(lu)條相(xiang)(xiang)切(qie)割(ge)，產(chan)生感應電(dian)(dian)勢及感應電(dian)(dian)流，這與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)理(li)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)，故(gu)定(ding)子(zi)隨著轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)而轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)起(qi)來。定(ding)子(zi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)杠(gang)桿，杠(gang)桿推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)觸點(dian)(dian)，使(shi)之(zhi)閉(bi)合(he)與(yu)(yu)分斷。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)方(fang)向(xiang)改(gai)(gai)變時(shi)，繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)與(yu)(yu)定(ding)子(zi)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)也(ye)改(gai)(gai)變，這時(shi)定(ding)子(zi)就可以觸動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)另外一組觸點(dian)(dian)，使(shi)之(zhi)分斷與(yu)(yu)閉(bi)合(he)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)停止時(shi)，繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)觸點(dian)(dian)即恢(hui)復(fu)原(yuan)來的(de)(de)靜止狀態。

速度繼電器在電路中的作用

由(you)(you)于繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)工作時是與(yu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)同軸的(de)(de)，不論電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)正轉(zhuan)或反轉(zhuan)，電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)兩個(ge)(ge)常(chang)開(kai)(kai)觸(chu)點(dian)，就有一個(ge)(ge)閉(bi)合，準備實(shi)行電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)。一旦開(kai)(kai)始(shi)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)時，由(you)(you)控制(zhi)系統的(de)(de)聯鎖觸(chu)點(dian)和速度繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)備用的(de)(de)閉(bi)合觸(chu)點(dian)，形(xing)成(cheng)一個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)相序反接(jie)(jie)（俗稱倒(dao)相）電(dian)(dian)路(lu)，使電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)在反接(jie)(jie)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)下停車。而當電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)速接(jie)(jie)近(jin)零(ling)時，速度繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)常(chang)開(kai)(kai)觸(chu)點(dian)分斷(duan)(duan)，從而切斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)源，使電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)狀態結束。

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常用的速度繼電器分類

常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)速度繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)有(you)JY1型(xing)和JFZ0型(xing)兩種。其(qi)中，JY1型(xing)可在700～3600r/min范圍內(nei)可靠地工作；JFZO－1型(xing)使(shi)用于(yu)300～1000r/min；JFZO-2型(xing)適用于(yu)1000～3600r/min。他們具有(you)兩個(ge)常(chang)開(kai)觸(chu)點(dian)、兩個(ge)常(chang)閉觸(chu)點(dian)，觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)380V，額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流為(wei)2A。一(yi)般(ban)速度繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)在130r/min左右即能動作，在100r/min時(shi)觸(chu)頭即能恢復到正常(chang)位置。可以通過螺釘的(de)(de)(de)調節來改變速度繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)動作的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)速，以適應控制電(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)要求。

磁保持繼電器原理

動作原理：磁保持繼電器其觸點開(kai)、合(he)(he)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)平時由永久磁(ci)鐵所產(chan)生的磁(ci)力所保持(chi)。當繼電(dian)器(qi)的觸點需要開(kai)或合(he)(he)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)時，只需要用正（反）直流脈沖電(dian)壓激勵線(xian)圈，繼電(dian)器(qi)在(zai)瞬間就完成了(le)開(kai)與(yu)合(he)(he)的狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)轉換。通常觸點處于保持(chi)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)時，線(xian)圈不(bu)需要繼續通電(dian)，僅靠永久磁(ci)鐵的磁(ci)力就能維持(chi)繼電(dian)器(qi)的狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)不(bu)變。

動作過程：當繼電器的(de)觸點需要(yao)置(zhi)位(wei)時，只需要(yao)用正直流脈沖電(dian)壓(ya)激勵(li)線圈J2，線圈J2勵(li)磁(ci)后產生的(de)磁(ci)極(ji)(ji)與永磁(ci)鐵的(de)磁(ci)極(ji)(ji)相互(hu)作用，同(tong)極(ji)(ji)性(xing)相互(hu)排斥，異極(ji)(ji)性(xing)相互(hu)吸引，使得繼電(dian)器在瞬間(jian)就(jiu)完成了(le)復位(wei)到置(zhi)位(wei)的(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)。示(shi)意圖(tu)1-4演(yan)示(shi)了(le)具體狀(zhuang)態(tai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)過程。磁(ci)保持繼電(dian)器由(you)置(zhi)位(wei)狀(zhuang)態(tai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)為復位(wei)狀(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)過程同(tong)理。