建筑施工有哪些流程

1、策劃決策

策劃決策是指(zhi)建筑施工(gong)前期工(gong)作階段，主(zhu)要包括編報項目(mu)建議書和可行性研究(jiu)報告兩項工(gong)作內容。項目(mu)建議書的(de)主(zhu)要作用(yong)是為(wei)了推薦建設(she)項目(mu)，以(yi)便在(zai)一個確(que)定的(de)地區或(huo)部門內，以(yi)自(zi)然資(zi)源和市(shi)場預測(ce)為(wei)基礎，選擇建設(she)項目(mu)。可行性研究(jiu)是在(zai)項目(mu)建議書被(bei)批(pi)準后，對項目(mu)在(zai)技(ji)術上和經濟上是否可行所進行的(de)科學分(fen)析和論證。

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2、勘察設計

勘(kan)察是(shi)個復雜的工(gong)程(cheng)，分(fen)為初(chu)勘(kan)和詳勘(kan)兩個階段(duan)，它能(neng)為設計施工(gong)圖提供實際(ji)依據。對于大型復雜項目，可根據不(bu)同行業(ye)的特點(dian)和需要，在初(chu)步設計之后增加技(ji)術(shu)設計階段(duan)。設計出來的施工(gong)圖一經審(shen)查(cha)批準，不(bu)得擅自進(jin)行修改，必須重(zhong)新報請原審(shen)批部門(men)，由(you)原審(shen)批部門(men)委(wei)托審(shen)查(cha)機(ji)構審(shen)查(cha)后再批準實施。

3、建設施工準備

建設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)準備(bei)(bei)的主要(yao)內容包括組建項目法人、征地、拆(chai)遷、組織材料(liao)、設(she)備(bei)(bei)訂貨等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)內容。辦理建設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量監督(du)手續，委托工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程監理，準備(bei)(bei)必要(yao)的施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙，組織施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)招(zhao)投標，擇優選定施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)，辦理施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)許可證等(deng)(deng)。按(an)規定作好施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)準備(bei)(bei)，具備(bei)(bei)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)條件后，建設(she)單(dan)位(wei)申請開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，進(jin)入施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安裝階段。

4、正式施工

建設工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)具備了(le)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)條(tiao)件并取(qu)得(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)許可證后(hou)方可開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。項目新開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，按設計文(wen)件中規(gui)定(ding)的任何一項永(yong)久性工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)第(di)一次正式(shi)(shi)破土(tu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)槽(cao)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)而定(ding)。不需開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)槽(cao)的以正式(shi)(shi)打(da)樁作為(wei)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)。鐵路、公路、水庫等以開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始進行(xing)土(tu)石方工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)作為(wei)正式(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)。

5、竣工驗收

建筑工(gong)程(cheng)竣工(gong)驗(yan)收是全面(mian)考核(he)建設成(cheng)果(guo)、檢(jian)驗(yan)設計和(he)施工(gong)質量的重(zhong)要(yao)步驟，也是建設項目轉入生產(chan)和(he)使用的標志。驗(yan)收合(he)格后(hou)，建設單位(wei)編(bian)制竣工(gong)決(jue)算，項目正式投入使用。

6、考核評價

建(jian)設施(shi)工后的(de)考核評價(jia)是工程項(xiang)目竣工投產(chan)(chan)、生產(chan)(chan)運營一段時間后，在對項(xiang)目的(de)立(li)項(xiang)決(jue)策、設計施(shi)工、竣工投產(chan)(chan)、生產(chan)(chan)運營等(deng)全(quan)過程進行系統評價(jia)的(de)一種技術活動，是固(gu)定資產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理的(de)一項(xiang)重(zhong)要(yao)內容，也是固(gu)定資產(chan)(chan)投資管(guan)理的(de)最(zui)后一個環節。

怎樣進行建筑施工才合理

1、先場外，后場內。

對(dui)于與場內外有聯(lian)系(xi)的(de)(de)一(yi)些工(gong)程(cheng)，如道(dao)(dao)路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)、管線工(gong)程(cheng)等，其施(shi)工(gong)應從(cong)場外開始，然后(hou)再逐步向場內延伸(shen)。這樣完(wan)工(gong)一(yi)部分就有一(yi)部分可(ke)以(yi)(yi)利(li)用，對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)就極其方便。正確的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)順序(xu)，使(shi)修(xiu)建(jian)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)所需的(de)(de)器(qi)材可(ke)以(yi)(yi)直接通過干道(dao)(dao)運(yun)抵施(shi)工(gong)地點，隨著道(dao)(dao)路(lu)向場內延伸(shen)，修(xiu)建(jian)好(hao)的(de)(de)部分道(dao)(dao)路(lu)即可(ke)加(jia)以(yi)(yi)利(li)用，從(cong)而保證(zheng)現(xian)場所需器(qi)材的(de)(de)順利(li)供應，既能充分發(fa)揮(hui)新(xin)建(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)效(xiao)益，又能經濟(ji)地解(jie)決(jue)運(yun)輸問題，爭取施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)時間(jian)。

2、先全場，后單項。

是(shi)(shi)說(shuo)應該先完成全(quan)場性(xing)的(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)，然(ran)后再(zai)完成各獨立的(de)(de)建筑物(wu)和構(gou)筑物(wu)。所謂全(quan)場性(xing)工(gong)程(cheng)，是(shi)(shi)指對于(yu)許多工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)施工(gong)或使用者有關的(de)(de)、其(qi)作業(ye)面遍及整(zheng)(zheng)個施工(gong)現場的(de)(de)那些(xie)公用工(gong)程(cheng)，如場地平(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)，各種管道、電纜線的(de)(de)主(zhu)干，場內的(de)(de)鐵路和主(zhu)要干道等。

3、先地下，后地上。

這是(shi)任何工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)都須嚴格遵循的重要原則(ze)。所謂先(xian)(xian)(xian)地下(xia)，后地上，就(jiu)是(shi)說在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時應(ying)先(xian)(xian)(xian)完(wan)成(cheng)零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)標高以(yi)(yi)下(xia)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，然(ran)后再(zai)完(wan)成(cheng)零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)標高以(yi)(yi)上的部分(fen)。從(cong)整個施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場來(lai)看，零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)標高以(yi)(yi)下(xia)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，大致包括(kuo)如下(xia)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作：鋪設地下(xia)管(guan)網，修建專用線和現場內的鐵(tie)路與公路。在地下(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中，除遵守上述順序外，還(huan)應(ying)貫(guan)徹先(xian)(xian)(xian)深(shen)后淺(qian)的原則(ze)，即先(xian)(xian)(xian)做(zuo)深(shen)層(ceng)的，再(zai)做(zuo)淺(qian)層(ceng)的。一(yi)層(ceng)一(yi)層(ceng)的做(zuo)上來(lai)，只有在完(wan)成(cheng)零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)標高以(yi)(yi)下(xia)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)之后，再(zai)進行地面以(yi)(yi)上工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，地下(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)按照先(xian)(xian)(xian)深(shen)后淺(qian)的程(cheng)序施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，在許多情況下(xia)是(shi)屬于(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝上的嚴格要求(qiu)，而一(yi)般情況下(xia)也(ye)是(shi)最為合理的。

4、管線及管道工程先主干，后分支，排水先下游，其他先源頭。

管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)中(zhong)的先(xian)主(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)、后(hou)分支的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)順序，能使完成部分的工(gong)(gong)程得以迅(xun)速發(fa)揮作用(yong)。如果先(xian)進行分支、管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，由于這些管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)沒有與干(gan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、干(gan)線(xian)(xian)和干(gan)道(dao)(dao)接(jie)通，它們(men)也就不能發(fa)揮工(gong)(gong)程的效益，上水(shui)道(dao)(dao)不能供水(shui)，下水(shui)道(dao)(dao)的水(shui)仍然排不出去，煤(mei)氣、蒸汽、電力也沒有來(lai)源，道(dao)(dao)路(lu)也不能充分利用(yong)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)程的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)必須(xu)要(yao)首先(xian)完成主(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)，道(dao)(dao)路(lu)也就從與附近干(gan)道(dao)(dao)聯接(jie)處逐漸通向場(chang)內。