建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程,指通(tong)過對(dui)各類(lei)房屋建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)及(ji)其附屬(shu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造和與其配套(tao)的(de)(de)線(xian)路、管(guan)道、設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)安(an)裝活動所形成的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程實體。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)指工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)實施(shi)(shi)階段的(de)(de)生產活動,是(shi)各類(lei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造過程。下(xia)面(mian),就來了解(jie)下(xia)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合同(tong)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全規范、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流程、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖等(deng)有關建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)知識。
1.建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)類別(bie)劃分以(yi)單位(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)為對象,組(zu)成單位(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)分項工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng),如裝(zhuang)飾工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng),鋼構(gou)件分別(bie)承發包時,仍以(yi)單位(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)類別(bie)作(zuo)為確定分項工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)類別(bie)的(de)依據(ju)。
2.在(zai)同(tong)一(yi)類(lei)別(bie)工(gong)程中有兩個特征指標的(de),凡(fan)符合其(qi)中之一(yi)者,即為該工(gong)程的(de)類(lei)別(bie)。
3.由(you)不同類(lei)型工(gong)程混(hun)合組成的單(dan)位工(gong)程(如(ru)商住樓),按占面積比(bi)例最(zui)大的工(gong)程類(lei)別(bie)(bie)為對象確定工(gong)程類(lei)別(bie)(bie),同一類(lei)別(bie)(bie)的單(dan)位工(gong)程中(zhong)有不同的檐(yan)口(kou)高(gao)度(du)和(he)層(ceng)數,選最(zui)高(gao)的檐(yan)高(gao)和(he)層(ceng)數確定工(gong)程類(lei)別(bie)(bie)。
4.附屬工程如傳達室,民(min)用(yong)水(shui)加壓泵房,圍(wei)墻,下水(shui)道,化糞池,陰(yin)井等(deng)執行四類工程。
5.裝飾工(gong)程(cheng)是指建筑工(gong)程(cheng)綜合預(yu)算(suan)定額(e)裝飾冊包(bao)括的相應項(xiang)目,其(qi)類別按主體建筑工(gong)程(cheng)的類別執行。【詳細>>】
建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程施工許可證是為了加強對建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)活動的監督管理,維護建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)市場秩序(xu),保證建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程的質量和安全。
建(jian)(jian)設單位在開工前應當依(yi)照(zhao)本辦法的規定,向工程所在地的縣級以(yi)上人(ren)民政(zheng)府建(jian)(jian)設行(xing)政(zheng)主管部門(以(yi)下簡稱發(fa)證(zheng)機關)申(shen)請(qing)領取施(shi)工許可(ke)證(zheng)。
工程投資額在30萬元以下或(huo)者建筑面積在300平方(fang)米(mi)以(yi)下的建筑工程,可(ke)以(yi)不(bu)申請辦理施(shi)工許可(ke)證(zheng)。省、自治區、直轄市人民政府(fu)建設行(xing)(xing)政主管部門可(ke)以(yi)根據當地的實際情況,對限額進行(xing)(xing)調整(zheng),并(bing)報(bao)國務院建設行(xing)(xing)政主管部門備案(an)。按照國務院規定的權限和程序批(pi)準開工報(bao)告的建筑工程,不(bu)再領取施(shi)工許可(ke)證(zheng)。
在獲得建筑工程施工許可證的同時,施工單位還要獲得中國產品強制認證報告,又稱公正檢驗,指兩個相互聯系的主體之外的某個客體,我們把它叫作第三方。【詳細(xi)>>】
建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)同是指發包(bao)方(fang)(建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)單(dan)位)和承包(bao)方(fang)(施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren))為完成(cheng)商定的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),明確(que)相互權利、義務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)協議。依照施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)同,施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位應完成(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)單(dan)位交給(gei)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任務(wu),建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)單(dan)位應按照規定提供必要(yao)條(tiao)件并支付工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)價款。建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)同是承包(bao)人(ren)進行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),發包(bao)人(ren)支付價款的(de)(de)(de)合(he)同,是建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)合(he)同,同時也是工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)質量控(kong)制、進度控(kong)制、投資(zi)控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)依據。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)同的(de)(de)(de)當事(shi)人(ren)是發包(bao)方(fang)和承包(bao)方(fang),雙方(fang)是平(ping)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)民事(shi)主(zhu)體。
國家2013版《建(jian)設工程施工合同(示范文本)》(GF-2013-0201)已由住建部、國家工商(shang)總局于2013年聯合(he)發布使用(yong),原《建設工程施工合(he)同(示(shi)范文本)》(GF-1999-0201)同時廢止。【詳細>>】
1.各級施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理單位的干部和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)技(ji)術人(ren)員(yuan),必(bi)須(xu)掌握和(he)認(ren)真執行《建筑(zhu)安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)安(an)全(quan)技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)》的各項(xiang)規(gui)(gui)定;各工(gong)(gong)(gong)種(zhong)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren),必(bi)須(xu)熟(shu)悉(xi)本(ben)工(gong)(gong)(gong)種(zhong)的安(an)全(quan)技(ji)術操作規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)。凡(fan)是(shi)不了解建筑(zhu)安(an)全(quan)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)的技(ji)術人(ren)員(yuan)和(he)未(wei)經過安(an)全(quan)技(ji)術培(pei)訓的工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)、民工(gong)(gong)(gong),都不能參加施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。
2.為(wei)了(le)做(zuo)(zuo)到安全生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、文明生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan),必須在施(shi)工(gong)前編(bian)制(zhi)施(shi)工(gong)組織設計,做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)施(shi)工(gong)平面布(bu)置(zhi)。一切附(fu)屬設施(shi)的搭(da)設、機械安裝、運輸道(dao)路(lu)、上(shang)下水(shui)道(dao)、電力網、蒸汽管道(dao)和其它臨時(shi)工(gong)程的位置(zhi),都需(xu)在施(shi)工(gong)組織設計場區規劃中仔細合理安排,做(zuo)(zuo)到即安全文明,又合理使(shi)用平面和空間。
3.施工現場周圍應設(she)(she)柵(zha)欄,有(you)懸崖(ya)、陡坡等危險的地區設(she)(she)柵(zha)欄和警戒標志(zhi),夜間要設(she)(she)紅燈示警。施工現場地面應平整,溝、坑應填平或設(she)(she)置蓋(gai)板。
4.按規定使(shi)用安全“三寶”(安全帽、安全帶、安全網。)任何人員進入施工現場必須戴安全帽。【詳細(xi)>>】
1.土方開(kai)挖后,承(cheng)臺(tai)磚胎膜砌筑;2.承臺基礎梁磚胎膜(mo)砌筑;
3.承臺、底板墊層砼澆搗(dao);4.地下室底(di)板及(ji)承(cheng)臺基礎梁防水卷材施工;
5.鋼筋綁扎(zha)中;6.地(di)下(xia)室外墻及消防水(shui)池的施工縫處的止水(shui)鋼板焊接施工中(zhong);
7.外(wai)墻施工(gong)縫(feng)處模板掛模;8.外(wai)墻模(mo)板掛(gua)模(mo),注意要用(yong)止(zhi)水螺桿;
9.管道預(yu)埋;10.高低跨處模(mo)板(ban)的下部我們焊上了鋼(gang)筋支架;
11、止(zhi)水鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)在(zai)柱(zhu)(zhu)的(de)節點(dian),當然(ran)各地(di)在(zai)此次(ci)的(de)做法可以都不(bu)(bu)大一樣啊,有的(de)地(di)方(fang)的(de)止(zhi)水鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)有直接(jie)通過柱(zhu)(zhu)的(de)箍(gu)筋,也就是箍(gu)筋斷(duan)開,止(zhi)水鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan),然(ran)后箍(gu)筋采取焊(han)接(jie)。有的(de)地(di)方(fang)就是止(zhi)水鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)到柱(zhu)(zhu)邊就斷(duan)開,保證柱(zhu)(zhu)箍(gu)筋不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)開。【詳(xiang)細>>】
瓦(wa)(wa)工常用的操(cao)作(zuo)工具:瓦(wa)(wa)刀、拉拉車、砂漿機、馬凳、鋼卷尺、鐵(tie)鍬等
木工(gong)常用工(gong)具:手鋸(ju)、釘錘、電鋸(ju)、電刨(bao)、自制推刨(bao)等
鋼筋工(gong)常用工(gong)具:綁扎勾、彎曲機(ji)、對(dui)焊機(ji)、電(dian)焊機(ji)、切(qie)斷機(ji)等(deng)
垂(chui)直運輸設備:塔吊、龍門(men)架
鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋加工設備:鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋調直(zhi)機、鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋彎曲機、鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋切斷機
木工加(jia)工設備:電(dian)鋸、電(dian)刨(bao)、壓刨(bao)
還有混凝土攪拌機、電焊機等。【詳細(xi)>>】
大(da)體上建筑(zhu)施工(gong)圖(tu)包括以下部分(fen):圖(tu)紙目錄,門窗表(biao),建筑(zhu)設計總說明,一層~屋(wu)頂的平面(mian)(mian)圖,正立(li)(li)面(mian)(mian)圖,背立(li)(li)面(mian)(mian)圖,東立(li)(li)面(mian)(mian)圖,西立(li)(li)面(mian)(mian)圖,剖面(mian)(mian)圖(視情況,有多個(ge)),節點大樣(yang)圖及(ji)門(men)窗大樣(yang)圖,樓梯大樣(yang)圖(視功能可(ke)能有多個(ge)樓梯及(ji)電(dian)梯)。作為一個(ge)結構設計師(shi)必須認真嚴謹的把建(jian)筑(zhu)圖理(li)一遍,不懂的地方需(xu)要向建(jian)筑(zhu)及(ji)建(jian)筑(zhu)圖上涉及(ji)的其(qi)他專業請教,要做到(dao)絕(jue)對(dui)明了建(jian)筑(zhu)的設計構思和意圖。【詳細>>】