建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng),指通過對(dui)各類房(fang)屋建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)及其附屬(shu)設(she)施(shi)的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造和與其配套的(de)線路、管道、設(she)備的(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)活動所形成的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)體(ti)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)是指工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)實(shi)施(shi)階段(duan)的(de)生產活動,是各類建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造過程(cheng)。下面,就來了(le)解下建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)同、建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全規范、建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)程(cheng)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖等有關(guan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)知識。
1.建筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)類(lei)(lei)別劃分(fen)以單位工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)對象,組成單位工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的分(fen)項工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),如裝(zhuang)飾工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),鋼(gang)構(gou)件分(fen)別承發包時(shi),仍(reng)以單位工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的類(lei)(lei)別作為(wei)確定分(fen)項工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)類(lei)(lei)別的依(yi)據。
2.在同一(yi)類別(bie)工程中有兩(liang)個特征指(zhi)標的,凡符合其中之一(yi)者,即為該(gai)工程的類別(bie)。
3.由(you)不同(tong)類(lei)(lei)型工(gong)(gong)程混(hun)合組成的(de)單位工(gong)(gong)程(如商住樓),按占面積(ji)比(bi)例最大的(de)工(gong)(gong)程類(lei)(lei)別為對象(xiang)確定(ding)工(gong)(gong)程類(lei)(lei)別,同(tong)一(yi)類(lei)(lei)別的(de)單位工(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)有(you)不同(tong)的(de)檐口高(gao)度和(he)層數,選最高(gao)的(de)檐高(gao)和(he)層數確定(ding)工(gong)(gong)程類(lei)(lei)別。
4.附屬工程如傳達室,民(min)用水(shui)加壓泵房,圍墻(qiang),下水(shui)道,化糞池,陰井等執行四(si)類工程。
5.裝飾工(gong)程是指建筑工(gong)程綜合預算定額(e)裝飾冊包括的相應項(xiang)目,其類別(bie)按主體建筑工(gong)程的類別(bie)執(zhi)行。【詳細>>】
建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)許可證(zheng)是為了加(jia)強對建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)活動的監(jian)督管理,維護建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)市場秩序,保證(zheng)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程的質量和(he)安全。
建設單位在開工前應當依(yi)照本辦法(fa)的(de)規定,向工程所在地(di)的(de)縣級以上人民政府建設行政主管部門(以下簡稱發證機關)申請領取(qu)施(shi)工許可(ke)證。
工(gong)程(cheng)投資(zi)額在30萬元以下或者(zhe)建筑(zhu)面積在300平方(fang)米以(yi)下的建(jian)筑工程(cheng),可(ke)(ke)以(yi)不(bu)申請(qing)辦理(li)施工許可(ke)(ke)證(zheng)。省、自治區、直轄市(shi)人民政(zheng)(zheng)府建(jian)設行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)主(zhu)(zhu)管部門可(ke)(ke)以(yi)根(gen)據當地的實際情(qing)況,對限額進行(xing)調整(zheng),并報國務院建(jian)設行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)主(zhu)(zhu)管部門備案(an)。按照國務院規定的權限和程(cheng)序批(pi)準開工報告(gao)的建(jian)筑工程(cheng),不(bu)再領(ling)取施工許可(ke)(ke)證(zheng)。
在獲得建筑工程施工許可證的同時,施工單位還要獲得中國產品強制認證報告,又稱公正檢驗,指兩個相互聯系的主體之外的某個客體,我們把它叫作第三方。【詳(xiang)細>>】
建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)是指發包(bao)方(建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)單(dan)位(wei))和(he)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)方(施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人)為完成(cheng)商定的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),明確(que)相互權利、義(yi)務的(de)(de)(de)協議。依照施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)同(tong)(tong),施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)應(ying)完成(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)單(dan)位(wei)交給的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任務,建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)單(dan)位(wei)應(ying)按照規(gui)定提供(gong)必(bi)要條件并支付(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)價款。建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)是承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人進行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),發包(bao)人支付(fu)價款的(de)(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)(tong),是建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要合(he)同(tong)(tong),同(tong)(tong)時也(ye)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)質(zhi)量控(kong)制(zhi)、進度控(kong)制(zhi)、投資控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要依據。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)當事(shi)人是發包(bao)方和(he)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)方,雙(shuang)方是平等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)民事(shi)主(zhu)體。
國家(jia)2013版(ban)《建設(she)工程施工合同(示范文本)》(GF-2013-0201)已(yi)由(you)住建(jian)部、國家工商總局于2013年聯合發(fa)布使(shi)用,原(yuan)《建(jian)設工程施工合同(示范文本)》(GF-1999-0201)同時(shi)廢(fei)止。【詳細>>】
1.各級施工管理(li)單位的(de)干部和(he)(he)工程技(ji)術(shu)人(ren)員(yuan),必(bi)須(xu)掌握和(he)(he)認真執行《建筑(zhu)安(an)裝(zhuang)工程安(an)全(quan)技(ji)術(shu)規程》的(de)各項規定;各工種(zhong)的(de)工人(ren),必(bi)須(xu)熟悉(xi)本工種(zhong)的(de)安(an)全(quan)技(ji)術(shu)操作規程。凡是不(bu)了解建筑(zhu)安(an)全(quan)規程的(de)技(ji)術(shu)人(ren)員(yuan)和(he)(he)未經過安(an)全(quan)技(ji)術(shu)培(pei)訓的(de)工人(ren)、民工,都不(bu)能參加施工。
2.為(wei)了做(zuo)到安全(quan)生產(chan)、文明(ming)生產(chan),必須(xu)在(zai)(zai)施工前編制施工組織(zhi)設計,做(zuo)好施工平(ping)面(mian)布置(zhi)。一(yi)切附屬設施的搭(da)設、機械安裝、運輸道路(lu)、上下(xia)水道、電力網、蒸汽管道和其它臨時工程(cheng)的位置(zhi),都(dou)需在(zai)(zai)施工組織(zhi)設計場區規(gui)劃中(zhong)仔(zi)細合理安排,做(zuo)到即安全(quan)文明(ming),又合理使用平(ping)面(mian)和空間(jian)。
3.施工現(xian)場周(zhou)圍應(ying)(ying)設柵(zha)欄(lan),有懸(xuan)崖(ya)、陡坡(po)等危險(xian)的(de)地區(qu)設柵(zha)欄(lan)和警(jing)戒標志,夜(ye)間要設紅(hong)燈示警(jing)。施工現(xian)場地面應(ying)(ying)平(ping)整,溝、坑應(ying)(ying)填平(ping)或(huo)設置蓋(gai)板。
4.按(an)規定使用安全“三寶”(安全帽、安全帶、安全網。)任何人員進入施工現場必須戴安全帽。【詳細>>】
1.土方開挖后,承臺磚胎膜砌筑;2.承臺基礎梁磚胎膜砌筑;
3.承(cheng)臺(tai)、底板墊層(ceng)砼澆(jiao)搗;4.地下室底板及(ji)承臺基礎梁(liang)防水(shui)卷材(cai)施工;
5.鋼筋綁(bang)扎中;6.地下室外墻及消防水池的(de)施工縫處的(de)止水鋼板焊接施工中(zhong);
7.外墻施(shi)工縫處模(mo)板掛模(mo);8.外墻模板掛模,注(zhu)意要用(yong)止(zhi)水(shui)螺桿(gan);
9.管道預埋;10.高低跨處模板的下(xia)部(bu)我們(men)焊上(shang)了鋼筋支架;
11、止水鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)在柱(zhu)(zhu)的節點,當然各地在此次的做法可以都不(bu)(bu)大一樣啊,有的地方的止水鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)有直(zhi)接通過柱(zhu)(zhu)的箍筋,也就(jiu)是箍筋斷(duan)開,止水鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan),然后箍筋采取焊接。有的地方就(jiu)是止水鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)到(dao)柱(zhu)(zhu)邊就(jiu)斷(duan)開,保(bao)證柱(zhu)(zhu)箍筋不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)開。【詳細>>】
瓦(wa)工(gong)(gong)常(chang)用的操作(zuo)工(gong)(gong)具:瓦(wa)刀(dao)、拉拉車(che)、砂漿機(ji)、馬凳(deng)、鋼卷(juan)尺、鐵鍬(qiao)等
木工常用(yong)工具:手鋸、釘錘、電(dian)鋸、電(dian)刨、自制推刨等
鋼筋工(gong)(gong)常(chang)用工(gong)(gong)具:綁扎(zha)勾、彎曲機、對焊(han)機、電(dian)焊(han)機、切斷機等(deng)
垂直運輸(shu)設備:塔吊、龍門(men)架
鋼筋(jin)加工設備(bei):鋼筋(jin)調直機(ji)(ji)、鋼筋(jin)彎曲機(ji)(ji)、鋼筋(jin)切斷機(ji)(ji)
木(mu)工加工設(she)備(bei):電鋸、電刨、壓刨
還有混凝土攪拌機、電焊機等。【詳細(xi)>>】
大體(ti)上建(jian)筑(zhu)施工圖包括以下部(bu)分:圖紙目錄(lu),門窗(chuang)表,建(jian)筑(zhu)設計總說(shuo)明,一層~屋(wu)頂(ding)的(de)平面(mian)圖,正立(li)面(mian)圖,背立(li)面(mian)圖,東立(li)面(mian)圖,西立(li)面(mian)圖,剖(pou)面(mian)圖(視情況,有多(duo)個(ge)),節點大(da)樣圖及門窗大(da)樣圖,樓梯(ti)大(da)樣圖(視功能可能有多(duo)個(ge)樓梯(ti)及電(dian)梯(ti))。作為一個(ge)結構設計師必須認真(zhen)嚴謹(jin)的(de)把建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)圖理(li)一遍,不(bu)懂的(de)地方需要向建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)及建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)圖上涉及的(de)其他專業請教(jiao),要做(zuo)到(dao)絕對明了建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)設計構思和意圖。【詳細>>】