【濟(ji)寧天氣(qi)】濟(ji)寧氣(qi)候特點 濟(ji)寧地理環境

濟寧氣候特點

地處(chu)暖溫(wen)(wen)帶大(da)陸(lu)性季(ji)(ji)風氣候區。氣候具有四季(ji)(ji)分明(ming)、光照(zhao)充足、雨熱同季(ji)(ji)、降(jiang)水(shui)集中(zhong)(zhong)、干濕交替(ti)、無(wu)霜期(qi)長、偶有災害的特點。氣溫(wen)(wen)，歷年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)13．6℃。年(nian)(nian)內1月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最冷，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)-1．7℃，7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最熱，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)26．8℃。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)日(ri)(ri)(ri)較差10．2～11．5℃。不低(di)于(yu)0℃的農(nong)耕期(qi)年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)296天(tian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)積溫(wen)(wen)5076．7℃。不低(di)于(yu)10℃的喜溫(wen)(wen)作物生長期(qi)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)215天(tian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)活動積溫(wen)(wen)4571．9℃。低(di)于(yu)0℃的越冬(dong)期(qi)約70天(tian)，負積溫(wen)(wen)117．5～172．5℃。降(jiang)水(shui)，歷年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨量707．1毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)。年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨最多1394．8毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，最少(shao)只有285．6毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)。夏季(ji)(ji)降(jiang)水(shui)量最大(da)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)441．7毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，占年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量的2．5％。冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)降(jiang)水(shui)量最小，只有27．8毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，僅占年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量的4％。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)日(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)為(wei)(wei)61～85天(tian)。歷年(nian)(nian)初雪日(ri)(ri)(ri)最早在11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬，終(zhong)雪日(ri)(ri)(ri)最晚在4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬。降(jiang)雪日(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)6．6～12天(tian)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雪量20毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，最多40～50毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，最少(shao)不足0．5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)，歷年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)數(shu)2406．8小時(shi)，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)2272．3小時(shi)。年(nian)(nian)內夏季(ji)(ji)日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)最長，冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)最短(duan)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)長短(duan)的月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)際變(bian)化是(shi)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最長，2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最短(duan)。歷年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)百(bai)分率為(wei)(wei)53～56％。霜期(qi)，歷年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)初霜日(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)28日(ri)(ri)(ri)，終(zhong)霜日(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)11日(ri)(ri)(ri)，無(wu)霜期(qi)199天(tian)。歷年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)土壤凍(dong)結(jie)日(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬，解凍(dong)日(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬，凍(dong)土期(qi)110大(da)，凍(dong)土深一般20～30厘米(mi)(mi)。

濟寧地理環境

1、位置境域

濟寧(ning)位(wei)于魯西南腹(fu)地(di)，地(di)處黃淮海平(ping)原與(yu)魯中南山(shan)地(di)交接地(di)帶。東(dong)鄰臨(lin)沂地(di)區，西與(yu)菏澤接壤，南面是(shi)棗莊市(shi)和(he)江蘇(su)省徐州市(shi)，北(bei)(bei)面與(yu)泰安(an)市(shi)交界，西北(bei)(bei)角隔黃河與(yu)聊城市(shi)相望。最(zui)北(bei)(bei)端是(shi)梁山(shan)縣(xian)小路(lu)口鎮鄒橋村，為北(bei)(bei)緯(wei)35°57′；最(zui)南端是(shi)微山(shan)縣(xian)高樓鄉(xiang)，為北(bei)(bei)緯(wei)34°26′；最(zui)東(dong)端是(shi)泗水縣(xian)泉林鎮，為東(dong)經117°36′；最(zui)西端是(shi)梁山(shan)縣(xian)黑虎廟鄉(xiang)高堂村，為東(dong)經115°52′；總面積11187平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)；南北(bei)(bei)長167公里(li)，東(dong)西寬158公里(li)。

2、地形地貌

濟寧(ning)(ning)屬魯(lu)(lu)(lu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)泰沂(yi)(yi)低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)(ling)與(yu)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)黃淮海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)平(ping)原(yuan)交接地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質構造上屬華北地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)斷塊凹(ao)陷區(qu)。濟寧(ning)(ning)市地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)以平(ping)原(yuan)洼地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為主(zhu)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢東(dong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)西(xi)(xi)(xi)低(di)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌較為復雜。東(dong)部(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)巒(luan)綿(mian)亙，丘陵(ling)(ling)起(qi)(qi)伏。京(jing)滬鐵路以東(dong)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)在50—100米(mi)(mi)(mi)以上，比較有名(ming)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)有曲阜尼山(shan)(shan)(shan)（主(zhu)峰(feng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)344米(mi)(mi)(mi)），鄒城嶧山(shan)(shan)(shan)（主(zhu)峰(feng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)545米(mi)(mi)(mi)），鳳凰山(shan)(shan)(shan)（主(zhu)峰(feng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)648.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)，是(shi)濟寧(ning)(ning)市最高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)），泗水堯山(shan)(shan)(shan)（主(zhu)峰(feng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)582米(mi)(mi)(mi)），老寨山(shan)(shan)(shan)（主(zhu)峰(feng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)532米(mi)(mi)(mi)）。各山(shan)(shan)(shan)之間分布有許多小型盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)谷(gu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)四湖(hu)(hu)(hu)以東(dong)部(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)麓為泰沂(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)前沖(chong)積平(ping)原(yuan)，自(zi)東(dong)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)傾(qing)斜(xie)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)60-35米(mi)(mi)(mi)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)起(qi)(qi)伏稍大（地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)坡(po)降(jiang)為1/1000—1/3000）；南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)四湖(hu)(hu)(hu)以西(xi)(xi)(xi)為較平(ping)坦的(de)黃泛平(ping)原(yuan)，自(zi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)向(xiang)東(dong)傾(qing)斜(xie)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)39-34米(mi)(mi)(mi)，起(qi)(qi)伏較小（地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)坡(po)降(jiang)僅為1/5000—1/10000）。嘉祥縣南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)和(he)金鄉縣西(xi)(xi)(xi)北部(bu)，有零星(xing)孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)、殘丘出露，如孟良(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)（主(zhu)峰(feng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)243.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)，是(shi)嘉祥縣的(de)最高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)）、羊山(shan)(shan)(shan)等。中部(bu)有南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)四湖(hu)(hu)(hu)（微山(shan)(shan)(shan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)陽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、昭陽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、獨山(shan)(shan)(shan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)總(zong)稱(cheng)）貫穿(chuan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)北。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢四周高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，中間低(di)，如同一碟形(xing)盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。最低(di)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)底海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度：上級湖(hu)(hu)(hu)為31.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)，下(xia)級湖(hu)(hu)(hu)為30米(mi)(mi)(mi)。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北為泰沂(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)前沖(chong)積扇下(xia)緣(yuan)，自(zi)東(dong)北向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)傾(qing)斜(xie)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)60-36米(mi)(mi)(mi)，起(qi)(qi)伏比較平(ping)緩(huan)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)坡(po)降(jiang)1/3000-1/5000。汶上縣北部(bu)軍(jun)屯、白石(shi)一帶(dai)有孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)分布。

3、氣候

濟寧市位于東(dong)亞季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候區，屬暖溫(wen)帶季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候，四季(ji)(ji)分明。夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)多偏南風，受熱(re)帶海洋氣(qi)(qi)團或變性熱(re)帶海洋氣(qi)(qi)團影(ying)響，高溫(wen)多雨(yu)；冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)多偏北風，受極地大陸氣(qi)(qi)團影(ying)響，多晴寒天氣(qi)(qi)；春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)兩季(ji)(ji)為大氣(qi)(qi)環流調(diao)整時期，春(chun)(chun)季(ji)(ji)易旱多風，回暖較快；秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)涼爽，但(dan)時有(you)陰雨(yu)。具有(you)充(chong)裕的(de)光能(neng)資源，是濟寧氣(qi)(qi)候的(de)突出(chu)特點。濟寧市年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為13.3℃一14.1℃，平均(jun)無霜期為199天。年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降水量在597—820毫米左右

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