【濟寧天氣】濟寧氣候(hou)特點 濟寧地理環(huan)境

濟寧氣候特點

地處(chu)暖溫(wen)(wen)帶大(da)陸性季風氣(qi)候(hou)區。氣(qi)候(hou)具(ju)有(you)四季分明、光照(zhao)(zhao)充足、雨熱(re)同季、降(jiang)水集中(zhong)、干濕交(jiao)替、無霜(shuang)期長、偶有(you)災害的(de)特(te)點。氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)13．6℃。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內1月(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)冷，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)-1．7℃，7月(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)熱(re)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)26．8℃。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)日(ri)(ri)(ri)較差10．2～11．5℃。不低于(yu)0℃的(de)農(nong)耕期年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)296天(tian)(tian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)積溫(wen)(wen)5076．7℃。不低于(yu)10℃的(de)喜溫(wen)(wen)作物生長期，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)215天(tian)(tian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)活動積溫(wen)(wen)4571．9℃。低于(yu)0℃的(de)越冬(dong)期約(yue)70天(tian)(tian)，負積溫(wen)(wen)117．5～172．5℃。降(jiang)水，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨量707．1毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)多1394．8毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)少只有(you)285．6毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)。夏季降(jiang)水量最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)441．7毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)，占年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水量的(de)2．5％。冬(dong)季降(jiang)水量最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)小(xiao)，只有(you)27．8毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)，僅(jin)占年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水量的(de)4％。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水日(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)為(wei)(wei)61～85天(tian)(tian)。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)初雪日(ri)(ri)(ri)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)早在(zai)11月(yue)(yue)上旬(xun)，終雪日(ri)(ri)(ri)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)晚在(zai)4月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)。降(jiang)雪日(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)6．6～12天(tian)(tian)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雪量20毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)多40～50毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)少不足0．5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)數(shu)2406．8小(xiao)時(shi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)2272．3小(xiao)時(shi)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內夏季日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)長，冬(dong)季最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)短(duan)(duan)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)長短(duan)(duan)的(de)月(yue)(yue)際(ji)變化是6月(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)長，2月(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)短(duan)(duan)。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)百分率為(wei)(wei)53～56％。霜(shuang)期，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)初霜(shuang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)10月(yue)(yue)28日(ri)(ri)(ri)，終霜(shuang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)4月(yue)(yue)11日(ri)(ri)(ri)，無霜(shuang)期199天(tian)(tian)。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)土(tu)壤凍結日(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)11月(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)，解凍日(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)3月(yue)(yue)上旬(xun)，凍土(tu)期110大(da)，凍土(tu)深一(yi)般20～30厘(li)米(mi)。

濟寧地理環境

1、位置境域

濟(ji)寧位(wei)于魯(lu)西(xi)南腹地，地處黃(huang)淮海平(ping)原(yuan)與魯(lu)中(zhong)南山(shan)(shan)(shan)地交接地帶。東(dong)鄰臨沂地區，西(xi)與菏澤接壤，南面(mian)是(shi)(shi)棗莊市和江蘇省(sheng)徐(xu)州市，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)面(mian)與泰安市交界，西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)角隔(ge)黃(huang)河與聊城(cheng)市相望。最(zui)(zui)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)端(duan)是(shi)(shi)梁山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣小(xiao)路口鎮鄒橋村(cun)，為(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)緯(wei)35°57′；最(zui)(zui)南端(duan)是(shi)(shi)微山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣高(gao)(gao)樓鄉，為(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)緯(wei)34°26′；最(zui)(zui)東(dong)端(duan)是(shi)(shi)泗(si)水縣泉林鎮，為(wei)(wei)東(dong)經(jing)117°36′；最(zui)(zui)西(xi)端(duan)是(shi)(shi)梁山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣黑虎(hu)廟鄉高(gao)(gao)堂(tang)村(cun)，為(wei)(wei)東(dong)經(jing)115°52′；總面(mian)積11187平(ping)方公里；南北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)長167公里，東(dong)西(xi)寬158公里。

2、地形地貌

濟寧(ning)屬(shu)魯(lu)南(nan)泰沂低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)與魯(lu)西(xi)南(nan)黃(huang)淮海(hai)平原(yuan)交接(jie)地(di)(di)帶(dai)，地(di)(di)質構造上屬(shu)華北(bei)地(di)(di)區(qu)魯(lu)西(xi)南(nan)斷塊凹陷(xian)區(qu)。濟寧(ning)市地(di)(di)形以平原(yuan)洼地(di)(di)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，地(di)(di)勢東(dong)高西(xi)低(di)，地(di)(di)貌較(jiao)為(wei)復雜。東(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)巒綿(mian)亙，丘陵(ling)起(qi)(qi)伏(fu)(fu)。京滬鐵路以東(dong)，海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)在50—100米(mi)(mi)以上，比較(jiao)有(you)名的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)曲阜尼(ni)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主(zhu)(zhu)峰(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)344米(mi)(mi)），鄒城嶧山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主(zhu)(zhu)峰(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)545米(mi)(mi)），鳳(feng)凰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主(zhu)(zhu)峰(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)648.8米(mi)(mi)，是濟寧(ning)市最高山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)），泗水(shui)堯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主(zhu)(zhu)峰(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)582米(mi)(mi)），老(lao)寨山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主(zhu)(zhu)峰(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)532米(mi)(mi)）。各(ge)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)間分(fen)(fen)布有(you)許多小型盆地(di)(di)和谷地(di)(di)。南(nan)四湖(hu)(hu)以東(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓為(wei)泰沂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前沖(chong)積平原(yuan)，自東(dong)向西(xi)傾(qing)(qing)(qing)斜，地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)60-35米(mi)(mi)，地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)起(qi)(qi)伏(fu)(fu)稍大(da)（地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)坡降為(wei)1/1000—1/3000）；南(nan)四湖(hu)(hu)以西(xi)為(wei)較(jiao)平坦的(de)黃(huang)泛平原(yuan)，自西(xi)向東(dong)傾(qing)(qing)(qing)斜，地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)39-34米(mi)(mi)，起(qi)(qi)伏(fu)(fu)較(jiao)小（地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)坡降僅(jin)為(wei)1/5000—1/10000）。嘉(jia)祥縣(xian)(xian)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)和金(jin)鄉縣(xian)(xian)西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)，有(you)零星(xing)孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、殘丘出(chu)露，如(ru)孟(meng)良山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主(zhu)(zhu)峰(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)243.1米(mi)(mi)，是嘉(jia)祥縣(xian)(xian)的(de)最高山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)）、羊(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等(deng)。中部(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)南(nan)四湖(hu)(hu)（微山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)湖(hu)(hu)、南(nan)陽湖(hu)(hu)、昭陽湖(hu)(hu)、獨山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)湖(hu)(hu)的(de)總稱）貫穿南(nan)北(bei)。地(di)(di)勢四周高，中間低(di)，如(ru)同(tong)一碟形盆地(di)(di)。最低(di)湖(hu)(hu)底海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)高度：上級湖(hu)(hu)為(wei)31.5米(mi)(mi)，下級湖(hu)(hu)為(wei)30米(mi)(mi)。湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)為(wei)泰沂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前沖(chong)積扇下緣，自東(dong)北(bei)向西(xi)南(nan)傾(qing)(qing)(qing)斜，地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)60-36米(mi)(mi)，起(qi)(qi)伏(fu)(fu)比較(jiao)平緩(huan)，地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)坡降1/3000-1/5000。汶(wen)上縣(xian)(xian)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)軍屯、白石一帶(dai)有(you)孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)分(fen)(fen)布。

3、氣候

濟(ji)寧(ning)市位(wei)于東亞(ya)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候區(qu)，屬暖溫(wen)帶(dai)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候，四季(ji)(ji)(ji)分明(ming)。夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)多偏(pian)南風，受(shou)熱帶(dai)海洋(yang)氣(qi)(qi)團(tuan)(tuan)或變性(xing)熱帶(dai)海洋(yang)氣(qi)(qi)團(tuan)(tuan)影響，高溫(wen)多雨；冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)多偏(pian)北風，受(shou)極地大(da)陸氣(qi)(qi)團(tuan)(tuan)影響，多晴寒天氣(qi)(qi)；春秋兩季(ji)(ji)(ji)為大(da)氣(qi)(qi)環流(liu)調整時(shi)期(qi)，春季(ji)(ji)(ji)易旱多風，回暖較(jiao)快；秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)涼(liang)爽，但(dan)時(shi)有(you)陰雨。具有(you)充裕的光(guang)能(neng)資源(yuan)，是(shi)濟(ji)寧(ning)氣(qi)(qi)候的突(tu)出特(te)點(dian)。濟(ji)寧(ning)市年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為13.3℃一14.1℃，平(ping)均(jun)無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)為199天。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降水量(liang)在597—820毫米(mi)左右

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