【濟(ji)寧(ning)天氣】濟(ji)寧(ning)氣候(hou)特點 濟(ji)寧(ning)地理環境

濟寧氣候特點

地處暖溫帶大陸性季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候區(qu)。氣(qi)(qi)候具(ju)有四季(ji)分明、光照(zhao)充足(zu)、雨熱同季(ji)、降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)集中、干濕(shi)交(jiao)替、無霜(shuang)期長(chang)(chang)、偶有災害(hai)的(de)特(te)點。氣(qi)(qi)溫，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)13．6℃。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內1月(yue)最(zui)冷(leng)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)-1．7℃，7月(yue)最(zui)熱，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)26．8℃。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫日(ri)較差10．2～11．5℃。不(bu)低于(yu)0℃的(de)農耕期年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)296天(tian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)積溫5076．7℃。不(bu)低于(yu)10℃的(de)喜溫作物生長(chang)(chang)期，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)215天(tian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)活動積溫4571．9℃。低于(yu)0℃的(de)越冬(dong)(dong)期約70天(tian)，負積溫117．5～172．5℃。降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)707．1毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨最(zui)多1394．8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)，最(zui)少只(zhi)有285．6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)。夏季(ji)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)最(zui)大，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)441．7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)，占(zhan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)2．5％。冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)最(zui)小，只(zhi)有27．8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)，僅(jin)占(zhan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)4％。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)日(ri)數(shu)為(wei)(wei)61～85天(tian)。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)初雪(xue)日(ri)最(zui)早(zao)在11月(yue)上旬(xun)(xun)，終雪(xue)日(ri)最(zui)晚在4月(yue)中旬(xun)(xun)。降(jiang)(jiang)雪(xue)日(ri)數(shu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)6．6～12天(tian)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)雪(xue)量(liang)(liang)20毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)，最(zui)多40～50毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)，最(zui)少不(bu)足(zu)0．5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)。日(ri)照(zhao)，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)數(shu)2406．8小時(shi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)2272．3小時(shi)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內夏季(ji)日(ri)照(zhao)最(zui)長(chang)(chang)，冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)最(zui)短。日(ri)照(zhao)長(chang)(chang)短的(de)月(yue)際變化是6月(yue)最(zui)長(chang)(chang)，2月(yue)最(zui)短。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)百分率(lv)為(wei)(wei)53～56％。霜(shuang)期，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)初霜(shuang)日(ri)為(wei)(wei)10月(yue)28日(ri)，終霜(shuang)日(ri)為(wei)(wei)4月(yue)11日(ri)，無霜(shuang)期199天(tian)。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)土(tu)壤凍(dong)結日(ri)為(wei)(wei)11月(yue)下旬(xun)(xun)，解凍(dong)日(ri)為(wei)(wei)3月(yue)上旬(xun)(xun)，凍(dong)土(tu)期110大，凍(dong)土(tu)深一般(ban)20～30厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。

濟寧地理環境

1、位置境域

濟寧位于魯西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)腹地，地處黃淮(huai)海(hai)平原與(yu)魯中南(nan)山(shan)(shan)地交(jiao)接地帶。東(dong)鄰(lin)臨(lin)沂地區，西(xi)(xi)(xi)與(yu)菏澤接壤，南(nan)面是棗(zao)莊市和(he)江蘇省徐州市，北面與(yu)泰安市交(jiao)界(jie)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)北角隔黃河(he)與(yu)聊城(cheng)市相望。最北端(duan)是梁山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)小路口鎮鄒橋村，為(wei)(wei)北緯35°57′；最南(nan)端(duan)是微山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)高(gao)樓鄉，為(wei)(wei)北緯34°26′；最東(dong)端(duan)是泗水(shui)縣(xian)泉林(lin)鎮，為(wei)(wei)東(dong)經117°36′；最西(xi)(xi)(xi)端(duan)是梁山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)黑(hei)虎廟(miao)鄉高(gao)堂村，為(wei)(wei)東(dong)經115°52′；總面積11187平方(fang)公里；南(nan)北長167公里，東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)158公里。

2、地形地貌

濟(ji)寧(ning)屬(shu)魯南(nan)(nan)泰沂(yi)低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵(ling)與魯西(xi)南(nan)(nan)黃淮海(hai)平(ping)原(yuan)交接地(di)(di)帶，地(di)(di)質構造上屬(shu)華(hua)北(bei)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)魯西(xi)南(nan)(nan)斷(duan)塊凹陷(xian)區(qu)(qu)。濟(ji)寧(ning)市地(di)(di)形以(yi)平(ping)原(yuan)洼(wa)地(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)主，地(di)(di)勢東(dong)(dong)高(gao)西(xi)低(di)，地(di)(di)貌(mao)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)復(fu)雜。東(dong)(dong)部(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)巒綿亙，丘(qiu)陵(ling)起(qi)(qi)伏。京滬鐵(tie)路(lu)以(yi)東(dong)(dong)，海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)在50—100米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)上，比較(jiao)有(you)名的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)曲(qu)阜尼山(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)344米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)），鄒城嶧山(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)545米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)），鳳(feng)凰山(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)648.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，是(shi)濟(ji)寧(ning)市最(zui)高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)），泗(si)水堯山(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)582米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)），老寨山(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)532米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)）。各山(shan)(shan)(shan)之間(jian)分布有(you)許多小(xiao)型(xing)盆(pen)地(di)(di)和(he)谷地(di)(di)。南(nan)(nan)四(si)湖(hu)(hu)以(yi)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)麓(lu)為(wei)(wei)泰沂(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)前沖積平(ping)原(yuan)，自(zi)東(dong)(dong)向(xiang)西(xi)傾斜(xie)，地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)60-35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)起(qi)(qi)伏稍大（地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)坡降為(wei)(wei)1/1000—1/3000）；南(nan)(nan)四(si)湖(hu)(hu)以(yi)西(xi)為(wei)(wei)較(jiao)平(ping)坦的(de)黃泛(fan)平(ping)原(yuan)，自(zi)西(xi)向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)傾斜(xie)，地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)39-34米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，起(qi)(qi)伏較(jiao)小(xiao)（地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)坡降僅為(wei)(wei)1/5000—1/10000）。嘉祥縣南(nan)(nan)部(bu)和(he)金鄉縣西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)，有(you)零星孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、殘丘(qiu)出露，如孟良山(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)243.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，是(shi)嘉祥縣的(de)最(zui)高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)）、羊山(shan)(shan)(shan)等。中部(bu)有(you)南(nan)(nan)四(si)湖(hu)(hu)（微山(shan)(shan)(shan)湖(hu)(hu)、南(nan)(nan)陽湖(hu)(hu)、昭陽湖(hu)(hu)、獨(du)山(shan)(shan)(shan)湖(hu)(hu)的(de)總(zong)稱(cheng)）貫穿(chuan)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)。地(di)(di)勢四(si)周(zhou)高(gao)，中間(jian)低(di)，如同一碟(die)形盆(pen)地(di)(di)。最(zui)低(di)湖(hu)(hu)底海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)度：上級(ji)湖(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)31.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，下(xia)級(ji)湖(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)為(wei)(wei)泰沂(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)前沖積扇下(xia)緣，自(zi)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)向(xiang)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)傾斜(xie)，地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)60-36米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，起(qi)(qi)伏比較(jiao)平(ping)緩(huan)，地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)坡降1/3000-1/5000。汶(wen)上縣北(bei)部(bu)軍屯、白石一帶有(you)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)分布。

3、氣候

濟寧(ning)(ning)市位于東亞季(ji)風(feng)氣候區，屬(shu)暖(nuan)溫帶季(ji)風(feng)氣候，四季(ji)分明(ming)。夏(xia)季(ji)多偏(pian)南風(feng)，受熱帶海洋(yang)氣團或變性熱帶海洋(yang)氣團影響，高(gao)溫多雨；冬季(ji)多偏(pian)北風(feng)，受極地大(da)陸氣團影響，多晴寒天氣；春(chun)秋兩季(ji)為(wei)(wei)大(da)氣環流調整時期，春(chun)季(ji)易旱多風(feng)，回暖(nuan)較(jiao)快；秋季(ji)涼(liang)爽，但時有陰(yin)雨。具(ju)有充裕的光(guang)能資源(yuan)，是(shi)濟寧(ning)(ning)氣候的突出特點。濟寧(ning)(ning)市年平均氣溫為(wei)(wei)13.3℃一14.1℃，平均無(wu)霜期為(wei)(wei)199天。年平均降水量在597—820毫米左右(you)

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