【濟(ji)寧天(tian)氣(qi)】濟(ji)寧氣(qi)候(hou)特點 濟(ji)寧地(di)理環境(jing)

濟寧氣候特點

地處(chu)暖溫(wen)帶(dai)大(da)陸性季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候區。氣(qi)候具有(you)四季(ji)(ji)(ji)分明、光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)充(chong)足、雨熱同季(ji)(ji)(ji)、降(jiang)(jiang)水集中、干(gan)濕交替、無霜期長(chang)(chang)、偶有(you)災害(hai)的(de)特點。氣(qi)溫(wen)，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)13．6℃。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內1月(yue)最(zui)冷，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)-1．7℃，7月(yue)最(zui)熱，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)26．8℃。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)較差10．2～11．5℃。不低(di)于(yu)0℃的(de)農耕期年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)296天，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)積溫(wen)5076．7℃。不低(di)于(yu)10℃的(de)喜溫(wen)作物生長(chang)(chang)期，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)215天，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)活動積溫(wen)4571．9℃。低(di)于(yu)0℃的(de)越冬(dong)(dong)(dong)期約70天，負(fu)積溫(wen)117．5～172．5℃。降(jiang)(jiang)水，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)雨量707．1毫(hao)(hao)米。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨最(zui)多(duo)1394．8毫(hao)(hao)米，最(zui)少(shao)只有(you)285．6毫(hao)(hao)米。夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)降(jiang)(jiang)水量最(zui)大(da)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)441．7毫(hao)(hao)米，占年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水量的(de)2．5％。冬(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)降(jiang)(jiang)水量最(zui)小，只有(you)27．8毫(hao)(hao)米，僅占年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水量的(de)4％。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)為61～85天。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)初(chu)雪日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)最(zui)早在11月(yue)上(shang)旬，終雪日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)最(zui)晚在4月(yue)中旬。降(jiang)(jiang)雪日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)為6．6～12天。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)雪量20毫(hao)(hao)米，最(zui)多(duo)40～50毫(hao)(hao)米，最(zui)少(shao)不足0．5毫(hao)(hao)米。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)數(shu)2406．8小時，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)2272．3小時。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)最(zui)長(chang)(chang)，冬(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)最(zui)短。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)長(chang)(chang)短的(de)月(yue)際變化是(shi)6月(yue)最(zui)長(chang)(chang)，2月(yue)最(zui)短。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)百分率為53～56％。霜期，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)初(chu)霜日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為10月(yue)28日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，終霜日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為4月(yue)11日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，無霜期199天。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)土壤凍(dong)結日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為11月(yue)下旬，解凍(dong)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為3月(yue)上(shang)旬，凍(dong)土期110大(da)，凍(dong)土深一般(ban)20～30厘米。

濟寧地理環境

1、位置境域

濟寧位(wei)于魯(lu)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)腹地(di)，地(di)處黃淮海平原與(yu)(yu)魯(lu)中南(nan)(nan)山(shan)地(di)交接(jie)地(di)帶(dai)。東鄰(lin)臨沂地(di)區，西(xi)(xi)與(yu)(yu)菏澤接(jie)壤，南(nan)(nan)面是(shi)棗(zao)莊市(shi)和江蘇省徐州市(shi)，北(bei)面與(yu)(yu)泰(tai)安(an)市(shi)交界，西(xi)(xi)北(bei)角隔黃河與(yu)(yu)聊(liao)城(cheng)市(shi)相望(wang)。最(zui)北(bei)端是(shi)梁山(shan)縣(xian)小路(lu)口鎮鄒橋村，為北(bei)緯35°57′；最(zui)南(nan)(nan)端是(shi)微(wei)山(shan)縣(xian)高樓鄉(xiang)，為北(bei)緯34°26′；最(zui)東端是(shi)泗水縣(xian)泉林鎮，為東經117°36′；最(zui)西(xi)(xi)端是(shi)梁山(shan)縣(xian)黑虎廟鄉(xiang)高堂(tang)村，為東經115°52′；總(zong)面積(ji)11187平方(fang)公(gong)里；南(nan)(nan)北(bei)長167公(gong)里，東西(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)158公(gong)里。

2、地形地貌

濟寧(ning)屬(shu)魯(lu)南(nan)(nan)泰(tai)沂低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵(ling)與(yu)魯(lu)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)黃(huang)淮(huai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)交接地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質構造上屬(shu)華(hua)北地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區魯(lu)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)斷(duan)塊凹陷區。濟寧(ning)市(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形以(yi)平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)洼地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)主，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢東高(gao)西(xi)低(di)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)復(fu)雜。東部(bu)(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)巒(luan)綿亙，丘(qiu)陵(ling)起(qi)伏。京滬鐵路以(yi)東，海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)在50—100米以(yi)上，比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)有名的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有曲(qu)阜(fu)尼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)344米），鄒(zou)城嶧山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)545米），鳳凰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)648.8米，是濟寧(ning)市(shi)最高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰），泗(si)水堯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)582米），老(lao)寨山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)532米）。各山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)間(jian)分(fen)布有許多小型(xing)盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)谷地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。南(nan)(nan)四湖(hu)(hu)(hu)以(yi)東部(bu)(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓為(wei)泰(tai)沂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前沖(chong)積平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)，自東向西(xi)傾(qing)斜，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)60-35米，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)起(qi)伏稍大(da)（地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)坡降(jiang)為(wei)1/1000—1/3000）；南(nan)(nan)四湖(hu)(hu)(hu)以(yi)西(xi)為(wei)較(jiao)(jiao)平(ping)坦的黃(huang)泛(fan)平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)，自西(xi)向東傾(qing)斜，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)39-34米，起(qi)伏較(jiao)(jiao)小（地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)坡降(jiang)僅(jin)為(wei)1/5000—1/10000）。嘉祥縣(xian)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)和(he)金(jin)鄉縣(xian)西(xi)北部(bu)(bu)，有零星孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、殘丘(qiu)出(chu)露，如(ru)孟良山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)243.1米，是嘉祥縣(xian)的最高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)）、羊山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等(deng)。中部(bu)(bu)有南(nan)(nan)四湖(hu)(hu)(hu)（微山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、南(nan)(nan)陽(yang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、昭陽(yang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、獨山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)的總稱）貫穿南(nan)(nan)北。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢四周高(gao)，中間(jian)低(di)，如(ru)同(tong)一碟形盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。最低(di)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)底(di)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)度(du)：上級湖(hu)(hu)(hu)為(wei)31.5米，下級湖(hu)(hu)(hu)為(wei)30米。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北為(wei)泰(tai)沂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前沖(chong)積扇下緣，自東北向西(xi)南(nan)(nan)傾(qing)斜，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)60-36米，起(qi)伏比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)平(ping)緩，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)坡降(jiang)1/3000-1/5000。汶(wen)上縣(xian)北部(bu)(bu)軍屯、白石(shi)一帶(dai)有孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)分(fen)布。

3、氣候

濟(ji)寧(ning)市位于東亞(ya)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)區，屬暖(nuan)溫帶季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)，四季(ji)(ji)分明(ming)。夏季(ji)(ji)多偏(pian)南(nan)風(feng)，受熱(re)(re)帶海(hai)洋(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)團(tuan)或(huo)變性熱(re)(re)帶海(hai)洋(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)團(tuan)影(ying)響(xiang)，高溫多雨(yu)；冬季(ji)(ji)多偏(pian)北風(feng)，受極地大陸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)團(tuan)影(ying)響(xiang)，多晴(qing)寒天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)；春秋兩季(ji)(ji)為大氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)環流調(diao)整時期(qi)，春季(ji)(ji)易旱多風(feng)，回(hui)暖(nuan)較(jiao)快；秋季(ji)(ji)涼爽，但時有陰雨(yu)。具(ju)有充裕的(de)光(guang)能資源，是濟(ji)寧(ning)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)的(de)突出特點。濟(ji)寧(ning)市年平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫為13.3℃一14.1℃，平均(jun)無霜(shuang)期(qi)為199天。年平均(jun)降水量在597—820毫米左右(you)

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