【濟(ji)寧(ning)天氣(qi)】濟(ji)寧(ning)氣(qi)候(hou)特(te)點 濟(ji)寧(ning)地理環境

濟寧氣候特點

地處暖溫帶大陸(lu)性季風氣(qi)候(hou)區。氣(qi)候(hou)具(ju)有(you)四季分明、光照(zhao)充足、雨(yu)(yu)熱同季、降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)集中、干濕(shi)交替、無(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)、偶(ou)有(you)災害的(de)特(te)點。氣(qi)溫，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)13．6℃。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內1月(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)冷，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)-1．7℃，7月(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)熱，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)26．8℃。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫日(ri)(ri)(ri)較差10．2～11．5℃。不低(di)于0℃的(de)農(nong)耕期(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)296天(tian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)積(ji)(ji)溫5076．7℃。不低(di)于10℃的(de)喜溫作物生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)215天(tian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)活動積(ji)(ji)溫4571．9℃。低(di)于0℃的(de)越冬期(qi)約70天(tian)，負積(ji)(ji)溫117．5～172．5℃。降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)707．1毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)多1394．8毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)少只有(you)285．6毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)。夏季降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)大，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)441．7毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，占年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)2．5％。冬季降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)小，只有(you)27．8毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，僅(jin)占年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)4％。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)日(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)為(wei)61～85天(tian)。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)初雪(xue)日(ri)(ri)(ri)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)早在11月(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)，終(zhong)雪(xue)日(ri)(ri)(ri)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)晚在4月(yue)(yue)(yue)中旬(xun)。降(jiang)(jiang)雪(xue)日(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)6．6～12天(tian)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)雪(xue)量(liang)(liang)20毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)多40～50毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)少不足0．5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)數(shu)2406．8小時(shi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)2272．3小時(shi)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內夏季日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)長(chang)(chang)(chang)，冬季最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)短(duan)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)短(duan)的(de)月(yue)(yue)(yue)際(ji)變化是6月(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)長(chang)(chang)(chang)，2月(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)短(duan)。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)百分率為(wei)53～56％。霜(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)初霜(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)28日(ri)(ri)(ri)，終(zhong)霜(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)11日(ri)(ri)(ri)，無(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)199天(tian)。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)土(tu)壤(rang)凍結日(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)，解凍日(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)，凍土(tu)期(qi)110大，凍土(tu)深一般(ban)20～30厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。

濟寧地理環境

1、位置境域

濟(ji)寧位于魯西(xi)南(nan)(nan)腹地(di)(di)，地(di)(di)處(chu)黃(huang)淮海(hai)平原與魯中南(nan)(nan)山地(di)(di)交(jiao)接地(di)(di)帶。東鄰臨沂地(di)(di)區，西(xi)與菏澤接壤，南(nan)(nan)面是(shi)(shi)(shi)棗莊市(shi)和江蘇省徐州市(shi)，北(bei)面與泰安(an)市(shi)交(jiao)界(jie)，西(xi)北(bei)角隔黃(huang)河與聊城市(shi)相望。最(zui)北(bei)端是(shi)(shi)(shi)梁(liang)山縣(xian)小路口(kou)鎮(zhen)鄒橋村，為北(bei)緯35°57′；最(zui)南(nan)(nan)端是(shi)(shi)(shi)微山縣(xian)高樓鄉(xiang)，為北(bei)緯34°26′；最(zui)東端是(shi)(shi)(shi)泗(si)水縣(xian)泉林鎮(zhen)，為東經117°36′；最(zui)西(xi)端是(shi)(shi)(shi)梁(liang)山縣(xian)黑(hei)虎廟鄉(xiang)高堂(tang)村，為東經115°52′；總面積11187平方公里；南(nan)(nan)北(bei)長167公里，東西(xi)寬158公里。

2、地形地貌

濟寧屬魯(lu)南(nan)(nan)泰(tai)沂低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵(ling)與(yu)魯(lu)西南(nan)(nan)黃淮海(hai)平(ping)原交(jiao)接地(di)(di)帶(dai)，地(di)(di)質構造(zao)上屬華北(bei)地(di)(di)區魯(lu)西南(nan)(nan)斷塊凹(ao)陷區。濟寧市地(di)(di)形以(yi)平(ping)原洼地(di)(di)為(wei)主，地(di)(di)勢東高(gao)西低(di)，地(di)(di)貌較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)復(fu)雜。東部(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)巒(luan)綿亙，丘(qiu)陵(ling)起伏(fu)。京(jing)滬鐵路以(yi)東，海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)在50—100米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)上，比較(jiao)(jiao)有(you)(you)名的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)曲阜尼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)344米(mi)(mi)(mi)），鄒城嶧山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)545米(mi)(mi)(mi)），鳳凰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)648.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)，是(shi)濟寧市最高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)），泗(si)水堯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)582米(mi)(mi)(mi)），老寨山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)532米(mi)(mi)(mi)）。各山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之間(jian)分布有(you)(you)許多小(xiao)型盆(pen)地(di)(di)和(he)谷地(di)(di)。南(nan)(nan)四(si)湖(hu)(hu)以(yi)東部(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓為(wei)泰(tai)沂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前(qian)沖積(ji)平(ping)原，自(zi)(zi)東向(xiang)西傾斜(xie)，地(di)(di)面(mian)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)60-35米(mi)(mi)(mi)，地(di)(di)面(mian)起伏(fu)稍大(da)（地(di)(di)面(mian)坡降(jiang)為(wei)1/1000—1/3000）；南(nan)(nan)四(si)湖(hu)(hu)以(yi)西為(wei)較(jiao)(jiao)平(ping)坦的(de)(de)黃泛平(ping)原，自(zi)(zi)西向(xiang)東傾斜(xie)，地(di)(di)面(mian)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)39-34米(mi)(mi)(mi)，起伏(fu)較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)（地(di)(di)面(mian)坡降(jiang)僅為(wei)1/5000—1/10000）。嘉(jia)祥(xiang)縣南(nan)(nan)部(bu)和(he)金鄉縣西北(bei)部(bu)，有(you)(you)零星孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、殘丘(qiu)出露，如(ru)孟(meng)良(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)243.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)，是(shi)嘉(jia)祥(xiang)縣的(de)(de)最高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)）、羊(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等。中部(bu)有(you)(you)南(nan)(nan)四(si)湖(hu)(hu)（微山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)湖(hu)(hu)、南(nan)(nan)陽(yang)湖(hu)(hu)、昭陽(yang)湖(hu)(hu)、獨(du)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)湖(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)總(zong)稱）貫(guan)穿南(nan)(nan)北(bei)。地(di)(di)勢四(si)周高(gao)，中間(jian)低(di)，如(ru)同一碟形盆(pen)地(di)(di)。最低(di)湖(hu)(hu)底海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)度：上級湖(hu)(hu)為(wei)31.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)，下(xia)(xia)級湖(hu)(hu)為(wei)30米(mi)(mi)(mi)。湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)為(wei)泰(tai)沂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前(qian)沖積(ji)扇(shan)下(xia)(xia)緣，自(zi)(zi)東北(bei)向(xiang)西南(nan)(nan)傾斜(xie)，地(di)(di)面(mian)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)60-36米(mi)(mi)(mi)，起伏(fu)比較(jiao)(jiao)平(ping)緩，地(di)(di)面(mian)坡降(jiang)1/3000-1/5000。汶上縣北(bei)部(bu)軍屯、白(bai)石(shi)一帶(dai)有(you)(you)孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)分布。

3、氣候

濟(ji)寧市(shi)位(wei)于東亞季(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣候(hou)區，屬暖溫(wen)帶(dai)季(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣候(hou)，四季(ji)分(fen)明。夏季(ji)多偏南(nan)風(feng)(feng)，受熱帶(dai)海洋(yang)氣團(tuan)或變(bian)性(xing)熱帶(dai)海洋(yang)氣團(tuan)影(ying)響，高溫(wen)多雨；冬季(ji)多偏北風(feng)(feng)，受極地大(da)(da)陸氣團(tuan)影(ying)響，多晴寒天氣；春(chun)秋(qiu)兩季(ji)為(wei)大(da)(da)氣環流(liu)調整時期(qi)，春(chun)季(ji)易旱多風(feng)(feng)，回(hui)暖較快；秋(qiu)季(ji)涼爽，但(dan)時有(you)陰雨。具有(you)充裕(yu)的光能資源，是濟(ji)寧氣候(hou)的突出(chu)特點。濟(ji)寧市(shi)年平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)為(wei)13.3℃一14.1℃，平(ping)均(jun)無(wu)霜期(qi)為(wei)199天。年平(ping)均(jun)降水量(liang)在597—820毫米(mi)左右

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