【濟寧天氣(qi)】濟寧氣(qi)候特點 濟寧地(di)理環境

濟寧氣候特點

地處暖溫帶大(da)陸性季(ji)(ji)風氣候區。氣候具(ju)有四季(ji)(ji)分(fen)明、光照(zhao)充足、雨(yu)(yu)熱同季(ji)(ji)、降水(shui)(shui)集中、干(gan)濕交替、無霜(shuang)期(qi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)、偶有災害的(de)特點。氣溫，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)13．6℃。年(nian)(nian)內(nei)1月(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)冷(leng)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)-1．7℃，7月(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)熱，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)26．8℃。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)較差(cha)10．2～11．5℃。不低于0℃的(de)農(nong)耕期(qi)年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)296天(tian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)積(ji)(ji)溫5076．7℃。不低于10℃的(de)喜溫作(zuo)物生長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)215天(tian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)活動積(ji)(ji)溫4571．9℃。低于0℃的(de)越冬期(qi)約(yue)70天(tian)，負積(ji)(ji)溫117．5～172．5℃。降水(shui)(shui)，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)707．1毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)。年(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)(yu)最(zui)(zui)(zui)多1394．8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)少(shao)只有285．6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)。夏季(ji)(ji)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)441．7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)，占(zhan)年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)的(de)2．5％。冬季(ji)(ji)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)小，只有27．8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)，僅占(zhan)年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)的(de)4％。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)61～85天(tian)。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)初雪(xue)(xue)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)最(zui)(zui)(zui)早在11月(yue)(yue)(yue)上旬，終雪(xue)(xue)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)最(zui)(zui)(zui)晚在4月(yue)(yue)(yue)中旬。降雪(xue)(xue)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)6．6～12天(tian)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降雪(xue)(xue)量(liang)20毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)多40～50毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)少(shao)不足0．5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)數(shu)2406．8小時，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)2272．3小時。年(nian)(nian)內(nei)夏季(ji)(ji)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)最(zui)(zui)(zui)長(chang)(chang)(chang)，冬季(ji)(ji)最(zui)(zui)(zui)短(duan)(duan)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)短(duan)(duan)的(de)月(yue)(yue)(yue)際變化是6月(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)長(chang)(chang)(chang)，2月(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)短(duan)(duan)。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)百分(fen)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)53～56％。霜(shuang)期(qi)，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)初霜(shuang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)28日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，終霜(shuang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)11日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，無霜(shuang)期(qi)199天(tian)。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)土壤凍結日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬，解凍日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)上旬，凍土期(qi)110大(da)，凍土深(shen)一般20～30厘米(mi)(mi)。

濟寧地理環境

1、位置境域

濟寧位于魯西南(nan)腹地(di)，地(di)處黃(huang)淮海平原與魯中(zhong)南(nan)山地(di)交接(jie)地(di)帶。東(dong)鄰(lin)臨沂地(di)區(qu)，西與菏澤(ze)接(jie)壤，南(nan)面是(shi)棗莊市和江蘇省徐州市，北(bei)(bei)面與泰(tai)安市交界，西北(bei)(bei)角(jiao)隔黃(huang)河與聊城市相望。最(zui)北(bei)(bei)端(duan)是(shi)梁(liang)山縣(xian)小路口鎮鄒(zou)橋村，為(wei)北(bei)(bei)緯35°57′；最(zui)南(nan)端(duan)是(shi)微(wei)山縣(xian)高(gao)樓鄉(xiang)，為(wei)北(bei)(bei)緯34°26′；最(zui)東(dong)端(duan)是(shi)泗水縣(xian)泉林(lin)鎮，為(wei)東(dong)經117°36′；最(zui)西端(duan)是(shi)梁(liang)山縣(xian)黑虎廟鄉(xiang)高(gao)堂村，為(wei)東(dong)經115°52′；總面積11187平方公(gong)里；南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長167公(gong)里，東(dong)西寬158公(gong)里。

2、地形地貌

濟(ji)寧(ning)屬魯南(nan)(nan)泰(tai)沂(yi)低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵與魯西(xi)南(nan)(nan)黃淮海(hai)(hai)(hai)平(ping)原交接地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質構造上屬華北地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區魯西(xi)南(nan)(nan)斷塊凹陷區。濟(ji)寧(ning)市地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形以(yi)平(ping)原洼地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢東(dong)高西(xi)低(di)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌較為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)復雜。東(dong)部山(shan)(shan)(shan)巒綿亙，丘陵起(qi)伏(fu)。京滬鐵路(lu)以(yi)東(dong)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)在50—100米(mi)以(yi)上，比較有(you)名的山(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)曲阜尼山(shan)(shan)(shan)（主(zhu)(zhu)峰(feng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)344米(mi)），鄒城(cheng)嶧(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)（主(zhu)(zhu)峰(feng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)545米(mi)），鳳凰山(shan)(shan)(shan)（主(zhu)(zhu)峰(feng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)648.8米(mi)，是濟(ji)寧(ning)市最(zui)(zui)高山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)），泗水堯(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)（主(zhu)(zhu)峰(feng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)582米(mi)），老(lao)寨山(shan)(shan)(shan)（主(zhu)(zhu)峰(feng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)532米(mi)）。各山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)間分(fen)布有(you)許多小型盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)谷地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。南(nan)(nan)四湖(hu)以(yi)東(dong)部山(shan)(shan)(shan)麓為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)泰(tai)沂(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)前(qian)沖積平(ping)原，自東(dong)向(xiang)西(xi)傾斜(xie)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)60-35米(mi)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)起(qi)伏(fu)稍大（地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)坡(po)(po)降為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1/1000—1/3000）；南(nan)(nan)四湖(hu)以(yi)西(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)較平(ping)坦(tan)的黃泛平(ping)原，自西(xi)向(xiang)東(dong)傾斜(xie)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)39-34米(mi)，起(qi)伏(fu)較小（地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)坡(po)(po)降僅為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1/5000—1/10000）。嘉祥(xiang)縣(xian)南(nan)(nan)部和(he)金鄉縣(xian)西(xi)北部，有(you)零星(xing)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、殘丘出露，如孟(meng)良(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)（主(zhu)(zhu)峰(feng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)243.1米(mi)，是嘉祥(xiang)縣(xian)的最(zui)(zui)高山(shan)(shan)(shan)）、羊山(shan)(shan)(shan)等。中部有(you)南(nan)(nan)四湖(hu)（微山(shan)(shan)(shan)湖(hu)、南(nan)(nan)陽湖(hu)、昭(zhao)陽湖(hu)、獨山(shan)(shan)(shan)湖(hu)的總稱）貫穿南(nan)(nan)北。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢四周高，中間低(di)，如同一碟形盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。最(zui)(zui)低(di)湖(hu)底(di)海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高度：上級(ji)湖(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)31.5米(mi)，下級(ji)湖(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)30米(mi)。湖(hu)北為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)泰(tai)沂(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)前(qian)沖積扇下緣，自東(dong)北向(xiang)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)傾斜(xie)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)60-36米(mi)，起(qi)伏(fu)比較平(ping)緩，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)坡(po)(po)降1/3000-1/5000。汶(wen)上縣(xian)北部軍(jun)屯、白(bai)石一帶有(you)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)分(fen)布。

3、氣候

濟寧市位于東亞季(ji)風氣(qi)候區，屬(shu)暖(nuan)溫帶季(ji)風氣(qi)候，四季(ji)分明(ming)。夏季(ji)多(duo)偏(pian)南風，受熱(re)帶海洋氣(qi)團(tuan)或變性熱(re)帶海洋氣(qi)團(tuan)影(ying)響(xiang)，高溫多(duo)雨(yu)；冬季(ji)多(duo)偏(pian)北風，受極地大(da)陸氣(qi)團(tuan)影(ying)響(xiang)，多(duo)晴(qing)寒天氣(qi)；春秋兩季(ji)為(wei)大(da)氣(qi)環(huan)流調整時(shi)期(qi)，春季(ji)易旱多(duo)風，回暖(nuan)較快；秋季(ji)涼爽，但時(shi)有(you)陰雨(yu)。具有(you)充裕的(de)光能(neng)資源(yuan)，是濟寧氣(qi)候的(de)突出特點。濟寧市年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫為(wei)13.3℃一14.1℃，平均(jun)無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)為(wei)199天。年(nian)平均(jun)降水量在597—820毫米左(zuo)右

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