【上(shang)(shang)海天氣(qi)】上(shang)(shang)海天氣(qi)怎么樣 上(shang)(shang)海的(de)氣(qi)候(hou)特點類型特征

上海天氣怎么樣

上海的氣候特點

上海屬(shu)北亞熱帶(dai)季風氣候，四季分明，日照充分，雨量充沛。上海氣候溫和濕潤，春秋(qiu)較短(duan)，冬夏較長，年(nian)平均氣溫16℃左右。

全年無霜(shuang)期約(yue)230天，年平均降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量在(zai)(zai)1200毫米左右(you)，但(dan)一年中(zhong)60%的雨(yu)(yu)量集中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)5至9月(yue)的汛期，汛期有春雨(yu)(yu)、梅(mei)雨(yu)(yu)、秋雨(yu)(yu)三個雨(yu)(yu)期。

一(yi)(yi)年四季(ji)變化分(fen)明是(shi)上海(hai)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)的特(te)征(zheng)。冬(dong)、夏長，春(chun)(chun)、秋短，冬(dong)天(tian)(tian)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)有126天(tian)(tian)，夏天(tian)(tian)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)有110天(tian)(tian)，春(chun)(chun)、秋兩季(ji)相加約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)130天(tian)(tian)。上海(hai)屬北(bei)亞熱帶海(hai)洋(yang)性季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)，全年平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為16℃左右(you)，7、8月份氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)最(zui)(zui)高，月平均(jun)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)28℃;1月份最(zui)(zui)低，月平均(jun)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)4℃。年降水(shui)量約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)1100毫米(mi)。冬(dong)無嚴寒，夏無酷暑，一(yi)(yi)年四季(ji)都(dou)可旅(lv)游(you)，其中春(chun)(chun)、夏兩季(ji)是(shi)最(zui)(zui)佳旅(lv)游(you)季(ji)節。

上海的地理環境

區域變化

1949年(nian)，上海(hai)的土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)(ji)僅(jin)僅(jin)為636平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)。1958年(nian)，江蘇省的嘉(jia)定、寶山(shan)、上海(hai)、松江、金山(shan)、川沙、南(nan)匯、奉(feng)賢、青浦、崇明10個(ge)縣劃歸上海(hai)，使上海(hai)市(shi)的轄(xia)區范圍擴大到5910平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，幾(ji)乎是1949年(nian)的10倍(bei)。2006年(nian)末(mo)，上海(hai)總面積(ji)(ji)為6340.5平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，其中陸地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)(ji)6218.65平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，長(chang)江口水(shui)域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)1107平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，灘涂(tu)面積(ji)(ji)376平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li) 。全(quan)國第二次土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)中，全(quan)市(shi)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)總面積(ji)(ji)為8359.12平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(1253.87萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu))。截止(zhi)到2009年(nian)12月31日，全(quan)市(shi)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1897.59平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(284.64萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu));園地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)179.89平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(26.98萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu));林地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)506.05平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(75.91萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu));草地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)16.41平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(2.46萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu));城(cheng)鎮村及工礦用地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)：2557.94平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(383.69萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu));交通運(yun)輸用地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)：402.17平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(60.33萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu));水(shui)域(yu)及水(shui)利設施(shi)用地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)：2749.17平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(412.38萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu));其他(ta)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)49.90平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(7.49萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)) 。

位置境域

上海市地處東(dong)(dong)經120°52′至(zhi)122°12′，北緯(wei)30°40′至(zhi)31°53′之間，面積(ji)6340平(ping)(ping)方公里，位于太(tai)平(ping)(ping)洋西(xi)岸(an)，亞洲大陸東(dong)(dong)沿(yan)，中(zhong)國南北海岸(an)中(zhong)心點(dian)，長江(jiang)(jiang)和黃(huang)浦(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)入海匯合處。北界(jie)長江(jiang)(jiang)，東(dong)(dong)瀕東(dong)(dong)海，南臨杭州灣，西(xi)接江(jiang)(jiang)蘇和浙江(jiang)(jiang)兩省(sheng)。

地形地貌

上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)是長江三(san)角洲沖積(ji)平(ping)原的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)部(bu)分，平(ping)均高度為(wei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔2.19米(mi)左右。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔最高點(dian)是位于金(jin)山(shan)(shan)區杭州灣的(de)(de)(de)大金(jin)山(shan)(shan)島(dao)(dao)(dao)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔為(wei)103.70米(mi) 。西部(bu)有天馬山(shan)(shan)、薛山(shan)(shan)、鳳凰(huang)山(shan)(shan)等(deng)殘(can)丘(qiu)，天馬山(shan)(shan)為(wei)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)陸上(shang)(shang)最高點(dian)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔高度99.8米(mi)，立有石碑“佘山(shan)(shan)之巔”。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)域上(shang)(shang)有大金(jin)山(shan)(shan)、小(xiao)金(jin)山(shan)(shan)、浮山(shan)(shan)(烏(wu)龜(gui)山(shan)(shan))、佘山(shan)(shan)島(dao)(dao)(dao)、小(xiao)洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)島(dao)(dao)(dao)等(deng)巖島(dao)(dao)(dao)。在上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)北面的(de)(de)(de)長江入海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)處，有崇明島(dao)(dao)(dao)、長興島(dao)(dao)(dao)、橫(heng)(heng)沙(sha)島(dao)(dao)(dao)3個(ge)島(dao)(dao)(dao)嶼。崇明島(dao)(dao)(dao)為(wei)中國第三(san)大島(dao)(dao)(dao)，由長江挾帶下來的(de)(de)(de)泥沙(sha)沖積(ji)而成，面積(ji)為(wei)1041.21平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里，海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔3.5米(mi)～4.5米(mi)。長興島(dao)(dao)(dao)面積(ji)88.54平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里，橫(heng)(heng)沙(sha)島(dao)(dao)(dao)面積(ji)55.74平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里。

氣候環境

上(shang)海屬亞(ya)熱帶(dai)季(ji)風(feng)性氣(qi)候(hou)，四季(ji)分明，日照(zhao)(zhao)充(chong)分，雨量充(chong)沛(pei)。上(shang)海氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和(he)濕潤，春秋較短，冬夏較長。2013年，全(quan)市平均氣(qi)溫(wen)17.6℃，日照(zhao)(zhao)1885.9小時，降水量1173.4毫米。全(quan)年60%以上(shang)的雨量集(ji)中(zhong)在5月至9月的汛(xun)期(qi)。

上海的自然資源

水資源

上海(hai)(hai)(hai)市地(di)處長江入海(hai)(hai)(hai)口、太湖流(liu)域東(dong)緣。境內河(he)道(湖泊(bo))面(mian)積約500多平方公(gong)里(li)(li)，河(he)面(mian)積率為9%～10%;上海(hai)(hai)(hai)市河(he)道長度2萬余公(gong)里(li)(li)，河(he)網密度平均(jun)每平方公(gong)里(li)(li)3公(gong)里(li)(li)～4公(gong)里(li)(li)。

上海(hai)(hai)境內江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、河、湖(hu)、塘(tang)相間，水(shui)網(wang)交(jiao)織(zhi)，主(zhu)要水(shui)域(yu)和河道(dao)有(you)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口，黃(huang)(huang)浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)及其支流(liu)吳(wu)淞江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(蘇(su)州(zhou)(zhou)河)、蕰(wen)藻浜、川(chuan)楊河、淀浦(pu)(pu)河、大治河、斜塘(tang)、圓泄涇、大泖港(gang)(gang)(gang)、太(tai)浦(pu)(pu)河、攔路港(gang)(gang)(gang)，以及金匯港(gang)(gang)(gang)、油墩港(gang)(gang)(gang)等。其中(zhong)黃(huang)(huang)浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)干流(liu)全長(chang)80余(yu)公里(li)(li)(li)，河寬(kuan)大都在(zai)(zai)300米～700米之間，其上游在(zai)(zai)松江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)區米市渡處承接(jie)太(tai)湖(hu)、陽澄淀泖地區和杭嘉湖(hu)平原來(lai)水(shui)，貫穿上海(hai)(hai)至吳(wu)淞口匯入長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口。吳(wu)淞江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)發源于太(tai)湖(hu)瓜涇口，在(zai)(zai)市區外白渡橋附近(jin)匯入黃(huang)(huang)浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，全長(chang)約125公里(li)(li)(li)，其中(zhong)上海(hai)(hai)境內約54公里(li)(li)(li)，俗稱蘇(su)州(zhou)(zhou)河，為黃(huang)(huang)浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)主(zhu)要支流(liu)。上海(hai)(hai)的湖(hu)泊集(ji)中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)與(yu)蘇(su)、浙交(jiao)界(jie)的西部洼地，最大的湖(hu)泊為淀山湖(hu)，面積為60余(yu)平方公里(li)(li)(li)

礦產資源

上(shang)海(hai)(hai)境(jing)內缺乏(fa)金(jin)屬礦(kuang)產資源(yuan)(yuan)，建筑石(shi)(shi)料也很(hen)稀少，陸上(shang)的能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)礦(kuang)產同樣匱乏(fa)。70年代以(yi)來開始在近(jin)(jin)海(hai)(hai)尋找油(you)(you)氣資源(yuan)(yuan)，在多口(kou)鉆井(jing)中獲得工(gong)業原油(you)(you)和天然(ran)氣。據初步估算，東(dong)海(hai)(hai)大(da)陸架油(you)(you)氣資源(yuan)(yuan)儲量約有(you)60億(yi)(yi)噸，是(shi)中國近(jin)(jin)海(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)域最大(da)的含油(you)(you)氣盆地。附(fu)近(jin)(jin)的南黃海(hai)(hai)，經過調查和勘探(tan)，也發現(xian)油(you)(you)氣資源(yuan)(yuan)，估算有(you)2.9億(yi)(yi)噸儲量。東(dong)海(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)水中化學(xue)資源(yuan)(yuan)豐富，在長江口(kou)淺海(hai)(hai)底下，還發現(xian)一些礦(kuang)物異常區，有(you)鋯石(shi)(shi)、鈦鐵(tie)砂、石(shi)(shi)榴(liu)石(shi)(shi)、金(jin)紅(hong)石(shi)(shi)等重要(yao)礦(kuang)物。

生物資源

上海市(shi)境(jing)內(nei)天(tian)然植被殘(can)剩不(bu)多，絕大部分是人工(gong)栽(zai)培作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)和(he)林木。天(tian)然的木本植物(wu)(wu)群落，僅分布(bu)于大金山島和(he)佘(she)山等(deng)局部地區，天(tian)然草(cao)本植物(wu)(wu)群落分布(bu)在(zai)沙洲、灘地和(he)港汊。栽(zai)培的農(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)共有100多個種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類，近萬個品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。蔬菜多達400多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，居全國之冠，瓜(gua)果和(he)觀賞花卉(hui)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也很多。動(dong)物(wu)(wu)資源主要是畜禽(qin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，野生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類已(yi)十分稀少(shao)。水(shui)產(chan)資源豐富，共有魚類177屬(shu)226種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中淡水(shui)魚171種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，海水(shui)魚55種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。