一、酒后駕車出事故保險公司賠償嗎
為了使被保險人注重控制風險,避免被保險人因投保而對風險疏于防范以及由此產生的事故率的增高,保險公司對于車輛損失險和第三者責任險的賠償制定了一套免賠率制度。具體規定參照條款第十七條:在車輛發生車輛損失險和第三者責任險承保范圍內的損失時,保險公司只負責損失額度×(1-免賠率)的部分,損失額度×免賠率這部分需由被保險人自己承擔。另一方面,為避免因免賠率制度使保戶在遭受大事故時蒙受損失,保險公司又設計了不計免賠特約險。不計免賠特約險是指車輛發生車輛損失險和第三者責任險承保范圍內的損失時,保險公司對損失額(e)度×免賠率這部分金額(e)負責賠償(chang)。(注:保(bao)險公司(si)規定(ding)必(bi)須在已(yi)投保(bao)車(che)輛損失險和第三者責任(ren)險的(de)基礎上,方(fang)可投保(bao)本險。)
因(yin)為(wei)《道路交(jiao)通(tong)安全(quan)法》是交(jiao)通(tong)管(guan)理(li)法而不是保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)法,禁止酒后駕(jia)(jia)車,只(zhi)是從交(jiao)通(tong)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)角度考慮。對(dui)于保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是否(fou)賠(pei)(pei)償(chang),必(bi)須(xu)由《保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)法》、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同(tong)(tong)條款進行特別的(de)(de)規定。理(li)論上,是否(fou)違(wei)反(fan)交(jiao)通(tong)法規,對(dui)于保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)賠(pei)(pei)償(chang)并無影(ying)響。因(yin)為(wei)汽車保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)就是在(zai)(zai)轉嫁各種風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),無論這些(xie)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是不是違(wei)章(zhang)造成的(de)(de),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司都應該(gai)負擔下來(lai)。如果(guo)要想不賠(pei)(pei)償(chang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)金,那么保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司就必(bi)須(xu)在(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同(tong)(tong)條款中,把(ba)酒后駕(jia)(jia)車作(zuo)為(wei)免除保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)賠(pei)(pei)償(chang)責(ze)任的(de)(de)情形寫出來(lai)。一旦駕(jia)(jia)駛員酒后駕(jia)(jia)車出事故,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司可以依據這些(xie)合(he)同(tong)(tong)條款拒賠(pei)(pei)。這樣的(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)(tong)條款,稱之為(wei)“責任免除條款”。
但是,《保險法》第十(shi)八條(tiao)明(ming)確規定:“保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險合同中(zhong)規定(ding)有關(guan)于保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險人(ren)責任(ren)免(mian)除條款(kuan)的(de)(de),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險人(ren)在訂立保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險合同時應當向投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)明確說明,未明確說明的(de)(de),該(gai)條款(kuan)不(bu)產生效力”。由(you)于這(zhe)(zhe)種“不(bu)賠償”的(de)(de)條款(kuan),會對駕駛員(yuan)、車(che)主、受害者產生重大不(bu)利后(hou)(hou)果,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險公(gong)(gong)司(si)就應該(gai)在投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)時候,特別(bie)提醒車(che)主注意一下,讓他(ta)們了解和接受。如果他(ta)們不(bu)接受,可以選(xuan)擇不(bu)投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、或者向其他(ta)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險公(gong)(gong)司(si)投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。否則車(che)主事(shi)先不(bu)知道這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie),投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、交了保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費,出(chu)事(shi)后(hou)(hou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險公(gong)(gong)司(si)卻不(bu)賠償,那對他(ta)們的(de)(de)打擊太大了,會讓人(ren)覺得保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險公(gong)(gong)司(si)缺乏(fa)誠信。
二、酒后駕車出事故保險公司應如何理賠
根(gen)據(ju)《機(ji)動(dong)車交通(tong)事(shi)故(gu)責任強制(zhi)保(bao)險條例》第22條(tiao)的規定(ding):“有下列情(qing)形(xing)之一(yi)的,保險(xian)(xian)公司在(zai)機動車(che)交通事故(gu)責(ze)任強制保險(xian)(xian)責(ze)任限額范圍(wei)內墊付搶救費用(yong),并有權向致害(hai)人(ren)追償(chang):(一(yi))駕(jia)駛人(ren)未取得駕(jia)駛資格或(huo)者醉酒(jiu)的;……有前(qian)款所列情(qing)形(xing)之一(yi),發生(sheng)道路(lu)交通事故(gu)的,造成受害(hai)人(ren)的財產損失,保險(xian)(xian)公司不承擔賠償(chang)責(ze)任。”
因此,當肇(zhao)事(shi)司(si)機(ji)醉酒駕駛機(ji)動車(che)時,保(bao)險(xian)公司(si)只(zhi)是在(zai)醫療費(fei)限額內承擔墊付責任,并有(you)(you)權(quan)向(xiang)肇(zhao)事(shi)者(zhe)追償,對(dui)于其他損(sun)失(shi)和費(fei)用不(bu)負(fu)責墊付和賠(pei)(pei)償。也就是說,保(bao)險(xian)公司(si)僅對(dui)受害(hai)(hai)人的有(you)(you)形(xing)財產損(sun)失(shi)免責,對(dui)受害(hai)(hai)人的人身損(sun)害(hai)(hai)仍應在(zai)交強險(xian)范圍(wei)內予(yu)以賠(pei)(pei)付,但(dan)有(you)(you)權(quan)向(xiang)肇(zhao)事(shi)者(zhe)追償。
另(ling)外,根據2009年10月20日(ri),最高人(ren)民(min)(min)法院(2009)民(min)(min)立(li)他(ta)字第42號(hao)對安徽省高級人(ren)民(min)(min)法院的(de)答復(fu)精神(shen),“財(cai)產損失”是(shi)指與精神(shen)損害相對應的(de)廣(guang)義上的(de)財(cai)產損失,因此,因受害人(ren)人(ren)身傷(shang)亡產生的(de)各項經濟損失如傷(shang)殘賠償金等(deng),也包(bao)括(kuo)在保險公司免賠的(de)范圍內。