【電(dian)阻(zu)的作用(yong)】電(dian)阻(zu)在電(dian)路中有什么作用(yong) 電(dian)阻(zu)器有哪些分(fen)類

電阻在電路中有什么作用

電阻器在日常生活中一般直接稱為電阻?是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個限(xian)(xian)流元件,將電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)接在電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中后,電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)固定的(de)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)是(shi)兩(liang)個引腳,它(ta)可(ke)限(xian)(xian)制(zhi)通(tong)(tong)過它(ta)所連支路(lu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流大小?阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)不能改變(bian)的(de)稱(cheng)為固定電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)?阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)變(bian)的(de)稱(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)(qi)或可(ke)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)?理想的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)線性(xing)的(de),即通(tong)(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)瞬時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流與外加瞬時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)成(cheng)正比?用于分壓(ya)的(de)可(ke)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)?在裸(luo)露(lu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)體(ti)上,緊壓(ya)著一(yi)(yi)至兩(liang)個可(ke)移(yi)金屬觸(chu)點(dian)?觸(chu)點(dian)位置確定電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)體(ti)任一(yi)(yi)端與觸(chu)點(dian)間的(de)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)?

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小(xiao)功率(lv)電阻器通常為(wei)封裝在(zai)塑料外(wai)殼中的(de)碳膜構(gou)成(cheng),而大(da)功率(lv)的(de)電阻器通常為(wei)繞(rao)線電阻器,通過將大(da)電阻率(lv)的(de)金(jin)屬絲繞(rao)在(zai)瓷心上而制成(cheng)?

如果(guo)(guo)一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值接近零歐姆,則(ze)該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)沒有(you)(you)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)礙作用,并聯這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)回路(lu)被短(duan)路(lu),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)無限大(da)?如果(guo)(guo)一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)具(ju)有(you)(you)無限大(da)的(de)或很大(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu),則(ze)串接該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)回路(lu)可看作開路(lu),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為零?工(gong)業中常用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)介于(yu)兩種極端(duan)情況之間(jian),它具(ju)有(you)(you)一定的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu),可通過一定的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不像短(duan)路(lu)時那樣大(da)?電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)限流(liu)(liu)作用類似于(yu)接在兩根大(da)直徑管子之間(jian)的(de)小直徑管子限制(zhi)水流(liu)(liu)量的(de)作用?

電阻器有哪些分類

按伏安特性分類

對大多數導體來說,在一定的溫度下,其電阻幾乎維持不變(bian)而為(wei)(wei)一(yi)定值,這類電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)稱為(wei)(wei)線(xian)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)?有些(xie)材料的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)明(ming)顯地(di)隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(或電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))而變(bian)化,其(qi)伏—安(an)特(te)(te)性(xing)是一(yi)條(tiao)曲線(xian),這類電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)稱為(wei)(wei)非(fei)(fei)線(xian)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)?非(fei)(fei)線(xian)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)在某一(yi)給定的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(或電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu))作(zuo)用下,電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)比值為(wei)(wei)在該工作(zuo)點(dian)下的(de)(de)(de)靜態(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu),伏—安(an)特(te)(te)性(xing)曲線(xian)上的(de)(de)(de)斜率為(wei)(wei)動態(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)?表達(da)非(fei)(fei)線(xian)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)特(te)(te)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)方式比較復雜(za),但(dan)這些(xie)非(fei)(fei)線(xian)性(xing)關系在電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中得到了(le)廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)應用?

按材料分類

a?線(xian)繞(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器由電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)線(xian)繞(rao)(rao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器 用高(gao)阻(zu)(zu)合金線(xian)繞(rao)(rao)在絕(jue)緣骨架上制成(cheng),外(wai)面(mian)涂有耐(nai)熱(re)的釉絕(jue)緣層或絕(jue)緣漆?繞(rao)(rao)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)具(ju)有較低的溫度系數,阻(zu)(zu)值精度高(gao),穩定性好,耐(nai)熱(re)耐(nai)腐蝕,主要做精密大功率電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)使用,缺點是高(gao)頻性能差(cha),時間(jian)常數大?

b?碳合(he)成(cheng)電阻器由碳及合(he)成(cheng)塑膠壓(ya)制成(cheng)而成(cheng)?

c?碳(tan)(tan)膜(mo)電阻(zu)器在瓷管(guan)上(shang)鍍上(shang)一(yi)層碳(tan)(tan)而成(cheng)(cheng),將結晶碳(tan)(tan)沉積在陶瓷棒骨架上(shang)制成(cheng)(cheng)?碳(tan)(tan)膜(mo)電阻(zu)器成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)低(di)?性(xing)能(neng)穩定?阻(zu)值范圍寬?溫度(du)系數(shu)和(he)電壓系數(shu)低(di),是(shi)目前應用(yong)最廣泛的電阻(zu)器?

d?金屬膜電阻(zu)器在(zai)瓷管上(shang)鍍上(shang)一(yi)層金屬而成,用(yong)真空蒸發(fa)的方法將合金材料蒸鍍于陶瓷棒骨架表面?

金屬膜(mo)電阻比碳(tan)膜(mo)電阻的精度高,穩定性好,噪聲(sheng),溫度系(xi)數小?在儀器儀表及通訊設備(bei)中大(da)量(liang)采用?

e?金屬氧化膜電阻器在瓷管上鍍上一層(ceng)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)錫而成,在絕緣棒上沉積一層(ceng)金(jin)屬氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)物?由于其本身(shen)即是氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)物,所(suo)以高(gao)溫下(xia)穩定,耐熱沖擊,負載(zai)能力強(qiang) 按(an)用途分,有通用?精(jing)密(mi)?高(gao)頻?高(gao)壓?高(gao)阻(zu)?大功率和電阻(zu)網絡等?

特殊電阻器

1?保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)阻(zu):又叫(jiao)熔斷(duan)電(dian)阻(zu)器,在正常(chang)情況下起著電(dian)阻(zu)和(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)絲的雙(shuang)重作用,當電(dian)路(lu)出現(xian)故障(zhang)而使其(qi)功(gong)率(lv)超過額定功(gong)率(lv)時,它會像保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)絲一(yi)樣熔斷(duan)使連(lian)接電(dian)路(lu)斷(duan)開?保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)絲電(dian)阻(zu)一(yi)般電(dian)阻(zu)值都小(0.33Ω~10KΩ),功(gong)率(lv)也較小?保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)絲電(dian)阻(zu)器常(chang)用型號有:RF10型?RF111-5保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)絲電(dian)阻(zu)器的符號型?RRD0910型?RRD0911型等(deng)?

2?敏(min)(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi):是指其電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)對于某種物理(li)量(liang)(如溫(wen)度?濕度?光(guang)照(zhao)?電(dian)(dian)壓?機(ji)械力?以及氣體濃度等)具有敏(min)(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)(gan)特性,當這些物理(li)量(liang)發生變化(hua)時,敏(min)(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)就會隨物理(li)量(liang)變化(hua)而發生改(gai)變,呈現不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)?根(gen)據對不(bu)(bu)同(tong)物理(li)量(liang)敏(min)(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)(gan),敏(min)(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)可分為熱(re)敏(min)(min)(min)?濕敏(min)(min)(min)?光(guang)敏(min)(min)(min)?壓敏(min)(min)(min)?力敏(min)(min)(min)?磁敏(min)(min)(min)和氣敏(min)(min)(min)等類型(xing)敏(min)(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)?敏(min)(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)所用的(de)(de)材(cai)料幾(ji)乎(hu)都是半導體材(cai)料,這類電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)也稱為半導體電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)?

熱敏電阻的(de)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)隨溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)而(er)變(bian)(bian)化(hua),溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)升高阻(zu)(zu)(zu)為負(fu)(fu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)系(xi)數(shu)(NTC)熱(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)?應用較多的(de)是(shi)負(fu)(fu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)系(xi)數(shu)熱(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu),又可分為普通型負(fu)(fu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)系(xi)數(shu)熱(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu);穩壓型負(fu)(fu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)系(xi)數(shu)熱(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu);測溫(wen)(wen)(wen)型負(fu)(fu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)系(xi)數(shu)熱(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)等(deng)? 光(guang)敏(min)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)是(shi)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)隨入射光(guang)的(de)強弱變(bian)(bian)化(hua)而(er)改變(bian)(bian),當(dang)入射光(guang)增強時,光(guang)敏(min)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)減(jian)小,入射光(guang)減(jian)弱時電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)增大(da)?