【電(dian)(dian)阻的(de)作(zuo)用】電(dian)(dian)阻在電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)有什么(me)作(zuo)用 電(dian)(dian)阻器有哪些分類

電阻在電路中有什么作用

電阻器在日常生活中一般直接稱為電阻?是一個限流元(yuan)件,將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)接在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)后,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器的(de)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值是固(gu)定(ding)的(de)一般是兩個引(yin)腳,它(ta)可(ke)限制通過它(ta)所連支路(lu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大小?阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值不能改變(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)稱為(wei)固(gu)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器?阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值可(ke)變(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器或可(ke)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器?理想(xiang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器是線性的(de),即通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器的(de)瞬(shun)(shun)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流與(yu)外(wai)加瞬(shun)(shun)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓成正比?用(yong)于分壓的(de)可(ke)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器?在裸露的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)體上,緊壓著一至兩個可(ke)移金屬觸(chu)點(dian)?觸(chu)點(dian)位置確定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)體任一端(duan)與(yu)觸(chu)點(dian)間的(de)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值?

該圖片由注冊用戶"橘子de殿堂"提供，版權聲明反饋

小功率電(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)通(tong)常為(wei)封裝在塑料(liao)外殼中的碳膜構成,而大功率的電(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)通(tong)常為(wei)繞(rao)(rao)線電(dian)阻(zu)器(qi),通(tong)過將(jiang)大電(dian)阻(zu)率的金屬(shu)絲繞(rao)(rao)在瓷(ci)心(xin)上而制成?

如果一(yi)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值接近(jin)零歐姆(mu),則(ze)該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)沒有阻(zu)(zu)礙作(zuo)(zuo)用,并(bing)聯這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器的(de)回路被短路,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)無限(xian)(xian)大(da)(da)?如果一(yi)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器具(ju)有無限(xian)(xian)大(da)(da)的(de)或很大(da)(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu),則(ze)串接該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器的(de)回路可看作(zuo)(zuo)開路,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為零?工業中(zhong)常用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器介于兩種極端情況之間,它具(ju)有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu),可通(tong)過一(yi)定(ding)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不像短路時那樣大(da)(da)?電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器的(de)限(xian)(xian)流(liu)作(zuo)(zuo)用類似于接在兩根大(da)(da)直徑(jing)管子之間的(de)小直徑(jing)管子限(xian)(xian)制水流(liu)量的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用?

電阻器有哪些分類

按伏安特性分類

對大多數導體來說,在一定的溫度下,其電阻幾(ji)乎(hu)維持(chi)不(bu)變而為一定(ding)值,這類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻稱(cheng)為線性(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻?有些材(cai)料的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻明顯地(di)隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓)而變化(hua),其伏—安特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)是一條曲線,這類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻稱(cheng)為非線性(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻?非線性(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻在某一給(gei)定(ding)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流)作用(yong)下(xia),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)比(bi)值為在該工作點下(xia)的(de)靜態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻,伏—安特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)曲線上(shang)的(de)斜(xie)率為動態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻?表(biao)達非線性(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)方(fang)式比(bi)較(jiao)復(fu)雜,但(dan)這些非線性(xing)(xing)(xing)關系在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)得到了廣泛的(de)應用(yong)?

按材料分類

a?線(xian)(xian)(xian)繞電(dian)(dian)阻器(qi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)阻線(xian)(xian)(xian)繞成電(dian)(dian)阻器(qi) 用高阻合金線(xian)(xian)(xian)繞在絕(jue)緣骨(gu)架(jia)上制成,外(wai)面涂有耐(nai)熱的釉絕(jue)緣層或(huo)絕(jue)緣漆?繞線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)阻具有較(jiao)低(di)的溫度系數(shu),阻值精(jing)度高,穩定性好,耐(nai)熱耐(nai)腐蝕(shi),主要做(zuo)精(jing)密大功率電(dian)(dian)阻使用,缺點(dian)是高頻性能差,時間常數(shu)大?

b?碳合成電阻(zu)器由碳及合成塑膠壓制(zhi)成而(er)成?

c?碳(tan)膜電阻(zu)(zu)器在瓷管上鍍(du)上一層碳(tan)而成(cheng),將結晶(jing)碳(tan)沉(chen)積在陶瓷棒骨(gu)架上制成(cheng)?碳(tan)膜電阻(zu)(zu)器成(cheng)本低(di)(di)?性能穩定?阻(zu)(zu)值范圍寬?溫度系(xi)數和電壓系(xi)數低(di)(di),是(shi)目前應(ying)用最廣泛的電阻(zu)(zu)器?

d?金(jin)屬膜電(dian)阻器在瓷管上鍍上一層金(jin)屬而成,用(yong)真(zhen)空蒸發的方法將合金(jin)材料(liao)蒸鍍于陶瓷棒(bang)骨架表面(mian)?

金屬膜電(dian)阻(zu)比碳膜電(dian)阻(zu)的精度高,穩定性好,噪聲,溫度系數小?在儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)儀(yi)(yi)表及(ji)通(tong)訊設備中大(da)量采(cai)用?

e?金屬氧化膜電阻器在瓷(ci)管上鍍上一(yi)層(ceng)氧(yang)化(hua)錫(xi)而成,在絕(jue)緣棒(bang)上沉積一(yi)層(ceng)金屬氧(yang)化(hua)物?由于其(qi)本身即是氧(yang)化(hua)物,所(suo)以高溫下(xia)穩定,耐(nai)熱沖擊,負載能(neng)力(li)強 按用(yong)途(tu)分(fen),有通用(yong)?精密?高頻?高壓?高阻?大功率和電阻網絡等?

特殊電阻器

1?保(bao)(bao)險電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu):又叫熔斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器,在正(zheng)常情(qing)況下起(qi)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)和(he)保(bao)(bao)險絲的雙重(zhong)作(zuo)用(yong),當電(dian)(dian)(dian)路出現故障而(er)使(shi)其功(gong)率超過額(e)定功(gong)率時,它會像保(bao)(bao)險絲一(yi)(yi)樣熔斷使(shi)連接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路斷開?保(bao)(bao)險絲電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)一(yi)(yi)般電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值都(dou)小(0.33Ω~10KΩ),功(gong)率也較小?保(bao)(bao)險絲電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器常用(yong)型(xing)號(hao)有(you):RF10型(xing)?RF111-5保(bao)(bao)險絲電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器的符(fu)號(hao)型(xing)?RRD0910型(xing)?RRD0911型(xing)等?

2?敏(min)(min)(min)感(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi):是指其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)對(dui)于(yu)某種物理量(liang)(如溫度(du)?濕度(du)?光照?電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓?機械(xie)力?以及氣體(ti)濃度(du)等(deng))具有敏(min)(min)(min)感(gan)特性,當這(zhe)些物理量(liang)發生變(bian)化(hua)時(shi),敏(min)(min)(min)感(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)的阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)就會隨物理量(liang)變(bian)化(hua)而(er)發生改(gai)變(bian),呈(cheng)現不同(tong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)?根(gen)據對(dui)不同(tong)物理量(liang)敏(min)(min)(min)感(gan),敏(min)(min)(min)感(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)可分(fen)為熱敏(min)(min)(min)?濕敏(min)(min)(min)?光敏(min)(min)(min)?壓敏(min)(min)(min)?力敏(min)(min)(min)?磁敏(min)(min)(min)和氣敏(min)(min)(min)等(deng)類型敏(min)(min)(min)感(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)?敏(min)(min)(min)感(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)所用的材料幾乎(hu)都是半導體(ti)材料,這(zhe)類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)也稱為半導體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)?

熱敏電阻的(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)值隨(sui)溫(wen)(wen)度變化(hua)而(er)變化(hua),溫(wen)(wen)度升高阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)為負(fu)溫(wen)(wen)度系(xi)數(NTC)熱(re)敏(min)(min)(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)?應用較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)是負(fu)溫(wen)(wen)度系(xi)數熱(re)敏(min)(min)(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),又可分為普通型負(fu)溫(wen)(wen)度系(xi)數熱(re)敏(min)(min)(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu);穩壓型負(fu)溫(wen)(wen)度系(xi)數熱(re)敏(min)(min)(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu);測溫(wen)(wen)型負(fu)溫(wen)(wen)度系(xi)數熱(re)敏(min)(min)(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)等? 光(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)(min)(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)值隨(sui)入射光(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)強弱變化(hua)而(er)改變,當入射光(guang)(guang)(guang)增強時,光(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)(min)(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)減(jian)小(xiao),入射光(guang)(guang)(guang)減(jian)弱時電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)值增大?