【電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的作用(yong)】電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)在電(dian)(dian)路中有(you)什么作用(yong) 電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)有(you)哪些分(fen)類

電阻在電路中有什么作用

電阻器在日常生活中一般直接稱為電阻?是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)限流元(yuan)件,將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)接在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中后,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)值是(shi)固(gu)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)般是(shi)兩(liang)個(ge)引腳,它可(ke)限制通過它所連支(zhi)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)小(xiao)?阻(zu)值不能改變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱為固(gu)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)?阻(zu)值可(ke)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)或可(ke)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)?理想的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)線性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),即通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬(shun)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流與外加(jia)瞬(shun)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓成正比?用于分壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)?在(zai)裸露的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)體上,緊壓著一(yi)至兩(liang)個(ge)可(ke)移金(jin)屬觸(chu)點?觸(chu)點位置確定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)體任一(yi)端與觸(chu)點間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)值?

該圖片由注冊用戶"橘子de殿堂"提供，版權聲明反饋

小功(gong)率電(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)通常為封(feng)裝(zhuang)在(zai)塑料外殼中的碳膜構(gou)成,而大(da)(da)功(gong)率的電(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)通常為繞線電(dian)阻(zu)器(qi),通過將大(da)(da)電(dian)阻(zu)率的金屬絲繞在(zai)瓷心(xin)上而制(zhi)成?

如(ru)果一個電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值接近零歐姆,則(ze)該(gai)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)對電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)沒有(you)(you)阻(zu)(zu)礙作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),并聯這種電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)回路被短路,電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)無限(xian)大(da)(da)?如(ru)果一個電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)具(ju)有(you)(you)無限(xian)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)或很(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu),則(ze)串接該(gai)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)回路可看作(zuo)(zuo)開路,電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為零?工業中常用(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)介于(yu)兩種極端情況之間,它具(ju)有(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu),可通過一定的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),但電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不像短路時那樣大(da)(da)?電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)類(lei)似于(yu)接在兩根(gen)大(da)(da)直(zhi)徑管子之間的(de)(de)小直(zhi)徑管子限(xian)制水流(liu)(liu)量的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)?

電阻器有哪些分類

按伏安特性分類

對大多數導體來說,在一定的溫度下,其電阻幾乎維持不變而為(wei)一定(ding)值,這(zhe)類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻稱(cheng)為(wei)線(xian)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻?有些材料的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻明顯地(di)隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))而變化(hua),其伏(fu)(fu)—安特(te)性(xing)(xing)是一條曲線(xian),這(zhe)類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻稱(cheng)為(wei)非(fei)線(xian)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻?非(fei)線(xian)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻在某(mou)一給定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu))作(zuo)用下,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)值為(wei)在該工作(zuo)點(dian)下的(de)(de)(de)靜態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻,伏(fu)(fu)—安特(te)性(xing)(xing)曲線(xian)上的(de)(de)(de)斜(xie)率為(wei)動態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻?表達非(fei)線(xian)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻特(te)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)方式比(bi)較復雜,但這(zhe)些非(fei)線(xian)性(xing)(xing)關系在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中得(de)到了(le)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)應用?

按材料分類

a?線(xian)繞電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器由電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)線(xian)繞成電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器 用高(gao)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)合金(jin)線(xian)繞在絕(jue)緣(yuan)骨(gu)架上(shang)制成,外面涂有耐熱(re)的(de)(de)釉絕(jue)緣(yuan)層或絕(jue)緣(yuan)漆?繞線(xian)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)具有較低的(de)(de)溫度系(xi)數(shu),阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值精度高(gao),穩定性(xing)好,耐熱(re)耐腐蝕,主要做(zuo)精密大功率電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)使用,缺(que)點(dian)是高(gao)頻性(xing)能(neng)差,時間(jian)常數(shu)大?

b?碳合成(cheng)(cheng)電阻器由碳及(ji)合成(cheng)(cheng)塑膠(jiao)壓制成(cheng)(cheng)而成(cheng)(cheng)?

c?碳(tan)(tan)膜(mo)電阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)在(zai)瓷管上鍍上一(yi)層碳(tan)(tan)而成,將結晶(jing)碳(tan)(tan)沉積在(zai)陶瓷棒(bang)骨架上制成?碳(tan)(tan)膜(mo)電阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)成本(ben)低?性能穩(wen)定?阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)范(fan)圍寬?溫度系(xi)數和電壓系(xi)數低,是目前應用(yong)最廣泛的電阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)?

d?金屬(shu)膜電阻器在瓷管(guan)上鍍上一層金屬(shu)而成,用真空蒸(zheng)發的方法將合金材料(liao)蒸(zheng)鍍于(yu)陶瓷棒骨架表面?

金屬膜電阻比碳膜電阻的精度高,穩(wen)定性好(hao),噪聲,溫度系數小?在儀(yi)器儀(yi)表(biao)及通訊(xun)設備(bei)中(zhong)大(da)量采(cai)用?

e?金屬氧化膜電阻器在(zai)(zai)瓷管上鍍上一(yi)層氧化(hua)錫而(er)成(cheng),在(zai)(zai)絕緣(yuan)棒上沉積一(yi)層金屬氧化(hua)物?由于其本(ben)身(shen)即是(shi)氧化(hua)物,所以高(gao)溫下穩定(ding),耐熱沖(chong)擊,負載(zai)能力(li)強 按用(yong)途分,有通用(yong)?精(jing)密?高(gao)頻?高(gao)壓?高(gao)阻(zu)?大功率和電阻(zu)網絡等(deng)?

特殊電阻器

1?保(bao)險(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)阻:又叫熔(rong)斷電(dian)(dian)阻器,在正常情況下起著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)阻和保(bao)險(xian)(xian)絲(si)的雙重作用,當(dang)電(dian)(dian)路出現故障而使其功(gong)(gong)率(lv)超(chao)過額定功(gong)(gong)率(lv)時(shi),它會像保(bao)險(xian)(xian)絲(si)一樣熔(rong)斷使連接(jie)電(dian)(dian)路斷開?保(bao)險(xian)(xian)絲(si)電(dian)(dian)阻一般電(dian)(dian)阻值都小(0.33Ω~10KΩ),功(gong)(gong)率(lv)也較小?保(bao)險(xian)(xian)絲(si)電(dian)(dian)阻器常用型(xing)號(hao)(hao)有:RF10型(xing)?RF111-5保(bao)險(xian)(xian)絲(si)電(dian)(dian)阻器的符號(hao)(hao)型(xing)?RRD0910型(xing)?RRD0911型(xing)等?

2?敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器:是(shi)指其電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)對于某種物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)量(如溫度?濕度?光照?電(dian)壓?機(ji)械(xie)力?以及氣(qi)體濃度等)具有敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)特性,當這(zhe)些(xie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)量發生變(bian)化(hua)時,敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)的阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)就會隨(sui)物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)量變(bian)化(hua)而發生改變(bian),呈現不(bu)同的電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)?根據對不(bu)同物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)量敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan),敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器可分為熱敏(min)(min)?濕敏(min)(min)?光敏(min)(min)?壓敏(min)(min)?力敏(min)(min)?磁敏(min)(min)和氣(qi)敏(min)(min)等類型敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)?敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器所用的材(cai)料(liao)幾乎(hu)都(dou)是(shi)半導(dao)體材(cai)料(liao),這(zhe)類電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器也稱為半導(dao)體電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器?

熱敏電阻的阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)隨(sui)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)變化而變化,溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)升(sheng)高阻(zu)(zu)為負溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)系數(shu)(NTC)熱敏(min)電阻(zu)(zu)?應用(yong)較多的是負溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)系數(shu)熱敏(min)電阻(zu)(zu),又可分為普通型(xing)負溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)系數(shu)熱敏(min)電阻(zu)(zu);穩壓型(xing)負溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)系數(shu)熱敏(min)電阻(zu)(zu);測溫(wen)(wen)型(xing)負溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)系數(shu)熱敏(min)電阻(zu)(zu)等? 光敏(min)電阻(zu)(zu)是電阻(zu)(zu)的阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)隨(sui)入射光的強(qiang)弱變化而改變,當入射光增強(qiang)時,光敏(min)電阻(zu)(zu)的減小,入射光減弱時電阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)增大?