電子元件(jian)是組成(cheng)電子產品的(de)基礎，了解常用的電子元件(jian)的種類、結構、性能(neng)(neng)并能(neng)(neng)正確選用是學習(xi)、掌握電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)技(ji)術的(de)基(ji)本。常用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)元件有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)感、電位器、變壓器等，就安裝(zhuang)方式而言，目前可分為傳統安裝(zhuang)（又稱(cheng)通孔(kong)裝即DIP）和(he)表面(mian)安裝(zhuang)兩大類(lei)（即又(you)稱SMT或SMD）。三(san)極管、二(er)極管(guan)稱(cheng)為(wei)電子器(qi)件。

單面板：電路板只有一面用金屬處理；雙面板：電路板雙面都用金屬處(chu)理；

元件面：電路板上插元件的一面；焊接面：元件面的反面，存在許多(duo)焊盤以供焊接；

焊盤：PCB板上用于焊接元件引腳(jiao)或金屬端(duan)的金屬部(bu)分(fen)；層板：除電路板雙面外，電路板內層(ceng)也有線(xian)路；

空焊：零件腳或引線腳與錫墊間由于某種原因沒有完成(cheng)接(jie)合；假焊：類似于空焊，由于零件腳或引線腳與(yu)錫墊間焊錫量太少，沒有達(da)到接(jie)合(he)標準；

冷焊：錫或錫膏在回風爐氣化后，在錫墊上仍有模(mo)糊(hu)的粒(li)狀附著物；橋接：零件腳與腳之間焊錫聯接短路(lu)；

金屬化孔：用于插元件或布明線的金屬化孔；連接孔：與金屬化孔相對，不用于插元件或布明線的金屬(shu)化孔；

極性元件：需定向插入電路板的元件；跪腳：零件腳打折形成跪(gui)腳；錯件：零件放置的規格或種類與要求不符；

缺件：應放置零件的位置產生空(kong)缺；自檢：由工作的完成者依據規定的規則對該工作進(jin)行的檢驗；

電子元件：指在工廠生產加工時不改變分子成分的成品。如電阻器、電容器、電感器。因為它本身不產生電子(zi)，它對電壓、電流無控制(zhi)和變換作用，所以(yi)又稱無源器件。按分(fen)類標準，電子(zi)元件可分(fen)為11個大類。

電子器件：指在工廠生產加工時改變了分子結構的成品。例如晶體管、電子管、集成電路。因為它本身能產生電子，對電壓、電流有控制、變換作用（放大、開關、整流、檢波、振蕩和調制等），所以又稱有(you)源器件。按分(fen)類標準，電子器件可(ke)分為12個大類，可歸納為真空電子器件和半導體器件兩大塊。【詳細>>】

電阻器在電路中起什么作用呢？

將電(dian)路(lu)中的(de)(de)(de)開關換為1個470歐姆的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)位(wei)器(qi)(qi)。旋轉電(dian)位(wei)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)轉柄，小(xiao)燈泡的(de)(de)(de)亮度要(yao)隨著電(dian)阻值的(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)而改變。電(dian)阻值越大(da)，小(xiao)燈泡越暗。這說明(ming)電(dian)阻器(qi)(qi)在電(dian)路(lu)中可以控制電(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)強弱。

電容器在電路中有什么作用呢？

用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)代替開(kai)關。接通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)時，我們看到小燈(deng)泡(pao)(pao)(pao)閃亮一(yi)(yi)下(xia)后(hou)就不再亮了。這是因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)瞬間，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。而充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程很快(kuai)結束(shu)了，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)充滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)消失了。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)容(rong)(rong)量越小，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)用時間越短暫(zan)，可(ke)見直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是不能通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)。若(ruo)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源改為(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，小燈(deng)泡(pao)(pao)(pao)將(jiang)持續發光，若(ruo)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頻(pin)率(lv)可(ke)以變化，那么(me)在相同的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下(xia)，高頻(pin)率(lv)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)較低頻(pin)率(lv)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)更(geng)(geng)易于通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)同一(yi)(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)而使小燈(deng)泡(pao)(pao)(pao)更(geng)(geng)亮些(xie)。這些(xie)實(shi)驗可(ke)以說明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)，可(ke)以起“隔直流(liu)(liu)(liu)，通(tong)(tong)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)”，“通(tong)(tong)高頻(pin)、阻低頻(pin)”的(de)作用。

晶體二極管在電路中有什么作用呢？

我們將晶體二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)接在電(dian)(dian)路中的開關位置上，燈泡發(fa)光，說明(ming)(ming)這時(shi)二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)導(dao)通，二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)（稱為(wei)正向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)）很小(xiao)。若將二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)兩(liang)極(ji)(ji)引腳對調，這時(shi)小(xiao)燈泡不亮了(le)。這時(shi)二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)（稱為(wei)反向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)）很大，電(dian)(dian)路中幾乎(hu)沒(mei)有電(dian)(dian)流。這個現象說明(ming)(ming)二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)有單向(xiang)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)的特性。利用(yong)(yong)二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的這個特性，可使用(yong)(yong)二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)進行(xing)檢波和整(zheng)流。

1、通過電子元器件(jian)網(wang)絡平臺找有(you)工商注冊(ce)的正(zheng)規(gui)公司；

2、了解供應商資質，三證(zheng)是否(fou)齊全(quan),業務員的素質及服務；

3、電子元器件的型號細節(jie)部分，如產品的(de)誤差、材質、封裝(zhuang)、腳距、后綴字母，細(xi)微環節要注意，避免出現(xian)產品不符退(tui)換貨，耽(dan)誤工程生產(chan)進度(du)；

4、大型(xing)工廠注(zhu)重(zhong)高端質量，中(zhong)小型工廠偏(pian)向成(cheng)本(ben)和中高(gao)端(duan)質量(liang)；

5、在(zai)控制成本的問題上需要特(te)別注意，切勿(wu)貪圖小便宜，正視便宜沒有好貨，可以選擇小批量采樣，初步確認供應(ying)商的產品(pin)質量(liang)后再進行批量(liang)采購。【詳細>>】