什么是電子元器件 電子元件和電子器件的區別

電子(zi)(zi)元器件(jian)(jian)是(shi)元件(jian)(jian)和(he)器件(jian)(jian)的(de)總稱(cheng)。電子(zi)(zi)元件(jian)(jian)：指在工廠生產加工時(shi)不改變分子(zi)(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)分的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)品。如(ru)電阻器、電容器、電感器。因為它本身不產生電子(zi)(zi)，它對電壓(ya)、電流無控制和(he)變換(huan)作用，所以又稱(cheng)無源器件(jian)(jian)。

簡介

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)元器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)是(shi)元件(jian)(jian)和器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)總(zong)稱(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)元件(jian)(jian)：指在工廠生產(chan)加工時(shi)(shi)不改(gai)變(bian)(bian)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)品。如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻器(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感器(qi)(qi)(qi)。因為(wei)它本(ben)身(shen)(shen)不產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，它對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)無控(kong)(kong)制和變(bian)(bian)換(huan)作用(yong)，所以(yi)又(you)稱(cheng)無源器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)：指在工廠生產(chan)加工時(shi)(shi)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)了分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)品。例如晶體管、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)管、集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。因為(wei)它本(ben)身(shen)(shen)能產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)有控(kong)(kong)制、變(bian)(bian)換(huan)作用(yong)（放大(da)、開(kai)(kai)關、整流(liu)、檢波、振蕩和調制等(deng)），所以(yi)又(you)稱(cheng)有源器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)。按(an)分(fen)(fen)類標準，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)12個大(da)類，可歸納為(wei)真空電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)和半(ban)導體器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)兩大(da)塊。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)元器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)發展(zhan)史(shi)(shi)其實就是(shi)一部(bu)濃縮的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)發展(zhan)史(shi)(shi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)技術是(shi)十(shi)九世(shi)紀末、二十(shi)世(shi)紀初(chu)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)發展(zhan)起來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)新興技術，二十(shi)世(shi)紀發展(zhan)最迅速，應用(yong)最廣泛，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)近代科學技術發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)一個重要(yao)標志。

分類簡介

概述

一、元件(jian)(jian)：工廠在加工產品是(shi)沒有改變分子成(cheng)分產品可(ke)稱為元件(jian)(jian)，不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)能源的器(qi)件(jian)(jian)。它包括(kuo)：電(dian)阻(zu)、電(dian)容(rong)、電(dian)感器(qi)。(又可(ke)稱為被(bei)動(dong)元件(jian)(jian)PassiveComponents)(1)電(dian)路(lu)類器(qi)件(jian)(jian)：二極管，電(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)等等(2)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)類器(qi)件(jian)(jian)：連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)器(qi)，插(cha)座，連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)纜，印(yin)刷電(dian)路(lu)板(PCB)

二、器(qi)件：工(gong)廠在生產(chan)加(jia)工(gong)時(shi)改變(bian)了分子(zi)結(jie)構的器(qi)件稱(cheng)為器(qi)件

器件分為：

1、主動器件(jian)，它(ta)的(de)主要(yao)特點(dian)是：(1)自身消(xiao)耗電(dian)能(2)還(huan)需要(yao)外界電(dian)源。

2、分立(li)器件，分為（1)雙極性(xing)晶(jing)體(ti)三極管(guan)(2)場效(xiao)應晶(jing)體(ti)管(guan)(3)可控硅 (4)半導體(ti)電阻電容

電阻

電(dian)阻(zu)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)路中(zhong)用“R”加(jia)數字表示,如:R1表示編號為(wei)1的(de)電(dian)阻(zu).電(dian)阻(zu)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)路中(zhong)的(de)主要作用為(wei):分(fen)流(liu)、限流(liu)、分(fen)壓、偏置等.

電容

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)一般用(yong)(yong)“C”加數字(zi)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(如C13表(biao)(biao)示(shi)編號(hao)為(wei)13的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)).電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)是(shi)由(you)兩片金屬膜(mo)緊靠,中(zhong)間(jian)用(yong)(yong)絕緣材料隔開而組成(cheng)的元件.電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)的特性主要是(shi)隔直流(liu)通交流(liu). 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)容(rong)量(liang)的大小就是(shi)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)能貯(zhu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的大小,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)對交流(liu)信號(hao)的阻礙作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)稱為(wei)容(rong)抗,它與交流(liu)信號(hao)的頻率和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)有關.

晶體二極管

晶(jing)體二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)電(dian)路中常用(yong)“D”加數字表(biao)示,如(ru)(ru): D5表(biao)示編(bian)號為(wei)5的(de)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan).作(zuo)用(yong):二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)主要特性(xing)(xing)是單向導(dao)(dao)電(dian)性(xing)(xing),也就是在(zai)正向電(dian)壓的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下,導(dao)(dao)通(tong)電(dian)阻很小(xiao);而在(zai)反向電(dian)壓作(zuo)用(yong)下導(dao)(dao)通(tong)電(dian)阻極(ji)(ji)(ji)大或無窮大.正因(yin)為(wei)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)具有上述特性(xing)(xing),無繩電(dian)話機中常把它用(yong)在(zai)整流、隔(ge)(ge)離、穩(wen)(wen)壓、極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)保護(hu)、編(bian)碼控制、調頻調制和(he)靜噪等電(dian)路中.電(dian)話機里使用(yong)的(de)晶(jing)體二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)按作(zuo)用(yong)可分為(wei):整流二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(如(ru)(ru)1N4004)、隔(ge)(ge)離二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(如(ru)(ru)1N4148)、肖特基二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(如(ru)(ru)BAT85)、發光二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)、穩(wen)(wen)壓二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)等.

電感器

電(dian)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)在電(dian)子制(zhi)作(zuo)中雖然使用(yong)(yong)得不是很多，但(dan)它(ta)們(men)在電(dian)路中同樣重要。我(wo)們(men)認(ren)為(wei)電(dian)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)和(he)電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)一(yi)樣，也是一(yi)種儲能元件，它(ta)能把電(dian)能轉變(bian)為(wei)磁(ci)場能，并在磁(ci)場中儲存能量。電(dian)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)符號L表示，它(ta)的基本(ben)單位是亨(heng)利（H），常用(yong)(yong)毫(hao)亨(heng)（mH）為(wei)單位。它(ta)經(jing)常和(he)電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)一(yi)起工(gong)作(zuo)，構成(cheng)LC濾波器(qi)(qi)、LC振蕩器(qi)(qi)等。另外，人們(men)還(huan)利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)感(gan)的特性(xing)，制(zhi)造了(le)阻流圈、變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)、繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)等。

組合電路

集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種采用(yong)特殊工(gong)藝，將(jiang)(jiang)晶(jing)體管、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)等元件(jian)(jian)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)硅(gui)基片(pian)(pian)上(shang)而形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)具有一(yi)定功能的(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)，英文為縮寫為IC，也俗稱(cheng)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)。模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)主要是(shi)(shi)指由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、晶(jing)體管等元件(jian)(jian)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)起用(yong)來處理(li)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)信號的(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。有許多的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，如集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)運算放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、比較器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、對數(shu)(shu)(shu)和指數(shu)(shu)(shu)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)乘(除)法(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、鎖(suo)相環、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源管理(li)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)等。模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)有：放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、濾波(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、反(fan)饋電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、基準(zhun)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)等。模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)設計(ji)主要是(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)有經驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)師進行(xing)手動的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)調試，模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)而得到，與此相對應的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)設計(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)部分是(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)使用(yong)硬(ying)件(jian)(jian)描(miao)述語言在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)EDA軟件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制下自動的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)產生。數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)元器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)和連線集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)于同一(yi)半(ban)導體芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)上(shang)而制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)邏(luo)輯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)或系(xi)統(tong)。根據數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)包含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)或元、器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)量，可將(jiang)(jiang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)分為小規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(SSI)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、中(zhong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)MSI電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(LSI)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、超大(da)(da)(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)VLSI電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和特大(da)(da)(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)ULSI)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。小規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)包含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)10個(ge)(ge)以(yi)內(nei)，或元器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)不超過(guo)(guo)100個(ge)(ge)；中(zhong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)包含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)10-100個(ge)(ge)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)，或元器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)100-1000個(ge)(ge)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)；大(da)(da)(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)包含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)100個(ge)(ge)以(yi)上(shang)，或元器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)10-10個(ge)(ge)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)；超大(da)(da)(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)包含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)1萬個(ge)(ge)以(yi)上(shang)，或元器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)10-10之間(jian)(jian)(jian)；特大(da)(da)(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)元器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)10-10之間(jian)(jian)(jian)。它包括：基本(ben)邏(luo)輯門(men)、觸發器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、寄存器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、譯碼器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、驅(qu)動器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、計(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、整形電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、可編程邏(luo)輯器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)、微處理(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、單片(pian)(pian)機、DSP等。