什么是電子元器件 電子元件和電子器件的區別

電(dian)(dian)子(zi)元(yuan)器件(jian)(jian)(jian)是元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)器件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)總稱。電(dian)(dian)子(zi)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)：指在工(gong)廠(chang)生產加工(gong)時(shi)不改(gai)變(bian)分子(zi)成分的(de)成品。如電(dian)(dian)阻器、電(dian)(dian)容器、電(dian)(dian)感器。因為(wei)它本身不產生電(dian)(dian)子(zi)，它對(dui)電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流無控(kong)制和(he)變(bian)換(huan)作(zuo)用，所(suo)以(yi)又(you)稱無源器件(jian)(jian)(jian)。

簡介

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)是(shi)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)和器(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)總稱。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)：指在(zai)工(gong)廠生產(chan)加(jia)工(gong)時不(bu)改變(bian)(bian)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)成(cheng)品(pin)(pin)。如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻器(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感器(qi)。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)它(ta)本身(shen)不(bu)產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)，它(ta)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流無(wu)控制(zhi)和變(bian)(bian)換(huan)作用(yong)，所(suo)以(yi)又(you)稱無(wu)源(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)：指在(zai)工(gong)廠生產(chan)加(jia)工(gong)時改變(bian)(bian)了分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)結構的(de)(de)成(cheng)品(pin)(pin)。例如晶(jing)體管(guan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)管(guan)、集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)它(ta)本身(shen)能產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流有控制(zhi)、變(bian)(bian)換(huan)作用(yong)（放大、開關、整流、檢波、振蕩和調制(zhi)等），所(suo)以(yi)又(you)稱有源(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)。按分(fen)(fen)類標(biao)準，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)12個大類，可歸納為(wei)(wei)(wei)真空(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)和半導體器(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)兩(liang)大塊。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)發展史(shi)其實就是(shi)一部濃縮的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)發展史(shi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)技術是(shi)十(shi)九世紀末、二(er)十(shi)世紀初開始發展起來的(de)(de)新興技術，二(er)十(shi)世紀發展最迅速，應用(yong)最廣泛，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)近代科學技術發展的(de)(de)一個重要標(biao)志。

分類簡介

概述

一、元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)：工(gong)廠(chang)在加(jia)工(gong)產品是沒有改變分子成分產品可稱(cheng)為(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)，不(bu)需要能源的(de)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)。它包括：電阻(zu)、電容、電感(gan)器(qi)。(又可稱(cheng)為(wei)被動(dong)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)PassiveComponents)(1)電路類器(qi)件(jian)(jian)：二極管(guan)，電阻(zu)器(qi)等等(2)連(lian)接類器(qi)件(jian)(jian)：連(lian)接器(qi)，插座(zuo)，連(lian)接電纜(lan)，印刷(shua)電路板(PCB)

二、器(qi)件：工(gong)廠在生產加工(gong)時改變(bian)了分子結構的器(qi)件稱(cheng)為器(qi)件

器件分為：

1、主(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)器件，它的主(zhu)(zhu)要特點是：(1)自身消(xiao)耗電能(2)還需要外界電源(yuan)。

2、分立(li)器件，分為(wei)（1)雙極(ji)性晶(jing)體三極(ji)管(2)場(chang)效應晶(jing)體管(3)可控硅(gui) (4)半(ban)導體電阻電容

電阻

電阻(zu)(zu)在電路中(zhong)用(yong)“R”加數(shu)字表(biao)示,如(ru):R1表(biao)示編(bian)號(hao)為(wei)1的電阻(zu)(zu).電阻(zu)(zu)在電路中(zhong)的主(zhu)要作用(yong)為(wei):分流、限流、分壓、偏置等.

電容

電(dian)(dian)容在電(dian)(dian)路中一般用(yong)“C”加數字表示(shi)(如C13表示(shi)編號(hao)為(wei)13的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容).電(dian)(dian)容是由兩片(pian)金屬膜緊靠(kao),中間用(yong)絕緣(yuan)材(cai)料隔開而組成(cheng)的(de)(de)元(yuan)件.電(dian)(dian)容的(de)(de)特性主(zhu)要是隔直流(liu)(liu)通交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu). 電(dian)(dian)容容量的(de)(de)大小就是表示(shi)能(neng)貯存電(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)大小,電(dian)(dian)容對交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)信號(hao)的(de)(de)阻礙作用(yong)稱為(wei)容抗,它與交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)信號(hao)的(de)(de)頻率(lv)和電(dian)(dian)容量有關.

晶體二極管

晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)在電(dian)(dian)路中常用(yong)“D”加數字表(biao)示(shi)(shi),如(ru): D5表(biao)示(shi)(shi)編號為(wei)5的二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan).作(zuo)用(yong):二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)的主(zhu)要特(te)性(xing)是單(dan)向(xiang)(xiang)導電(dian)(dian)性(xing),也就是在正(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓的作(zuo)用(yong)下,導通電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)很小;而(er)在反向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓作(zuo)用(yong)下導通電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)極(ji)(ji)大或無窮大.正(zheng)因為(wei)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)具有(you)上述特(te)性(xing),無繩電(dian)(dian)話機(ji)中常把它(ta)用(yong)在整流、隔離、穩壓、極(ji)(ji)性(xing)保護、編碼控(kong)制(zhi)、調(diao)(diao)頻調(diao)(diao)制(zhi)和靜噪(zao)等電(dian)(dian)路中.電(dian)(dian)話機(ji)里使用(yong)的晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)按(an)作(zuo)用(yong)可分為(wei):整流二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(如(ru)1N4004)、隔離二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(如(ru)1N4148)、肖(xiao)特(te)基(ji)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(如(ru)BAT85)、發光二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)、穩壓二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)等.

電感器

電(dian)感(gan)器(qi)在(zai)電(dian)子制作(zuo)中(zhong)雖然(ran)使用得不是很(hen)多(duo)，但它(ta)們(men)(men)在(zai)電(dian)路中(zhong)同樣(yang)重要。我們(men)(men)認為電(dian)感(gan)器(qi)和(he)電(dian)容器(qi)一樣(yang)，也是一種儲(chu)能(neng)元件，它(ta)能(neng)把電(dian)能(neng)轉變(bian)為磁場能(neng)，并(bing)在(zai)磁場中(zhong)儲(chu)存能(neng)量。電(dian)感(gan)器(qi)用符號L表(biao)示(shi)，它(ta)的基本單位(wei)(wei)是亨(heng)利（H），常(chang)用毫亨(heng)（mH）為單位(wei)(wei)。它(ta)經常(chang)和(he)電(dian)容器(qi)一起工作(zuo)，構成LC濾波器(qi)、LC振(zhen)蕩(dang)器(qi)等(deng)。另外，人們(men)(men)還利用電(dian)感(gan)的特性，制造(zao)了阻流圈(quan)、變(bian)壓器(qi)、繼電(dian)器(qi)等(deng)。

組合電路

集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)是一種采用特(te)殊工藝，將晶體管(guan)(guan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)等元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)硅基(ji)(ji)片(pian)上(shang)(shang)而形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)有一定功(gong)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，英文為(wei)縮寫(xie)為(wei)IC，也(ye)俗稱(cheng)芯片(pian)。模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)主要(yao)是指由電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、晶體管(guan)(guan)等元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)一起用來處理(li)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)信號的(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。有許多的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，如集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)運算(suan)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、比較器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、對(dui)(dui)數(shu)(shu)和指數(shu)(shu)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)乘(除(chu))法器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、鎖相環、電(dian)(dian)(dian)源管(guan)(guan)理(li)芯片(pian)等。模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)有：放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、濾波器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、反饋電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、基(ji)(ji)準源電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)等。模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)設(she)計(ji)主要(yao)是通(tong)過有經驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)師進行手動的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)調試，模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)而得到，與此(ci)相對(dui)(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)設(she)計(ji)大(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)是通(tong)過使(shi)用硬件(jian)(jian)(jian)描述(shu)語言在(zai)(zai)EDA軟件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制下自動的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合產生。數(shu)(shu)字(zi)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)是將元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)和連線集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)于同一半(ban)導(dao)體芯片(pian)上(shang)(shang)而制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)邏(luo)輯電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)或(huo)系統(tong)。根(gen)據(ju)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)包(bao)(bao)含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)或(huo)元(yuan)、器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)量，可(ke)將數(shu)(shu)字(zi)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)分(fen)為(wei)小規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(SSI)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、中(zhong)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)MSI電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、大(da)(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(LSI)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、超(chao)(chao)大(da)(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)VLSI電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和特(te)大(da)(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)ULSI)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。小規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)包(bao)(bao)含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)10個(ge)以內，或(huo)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)不超(chao)(chao)過100個(ge)；中(zhong)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)包(bao)(bao)含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)10-100個(ge)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)，或(huo)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)100-1000個(ge)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)；大(da)(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)包(bao)(bao)含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)100個(ge)以上(shang)(shang)，或(huo)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)10-10個(ge)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)；超(chao)(chao)大(da)(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)包(bao)(bao)含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)1萬(wan)個(ge)以上(shang)(shang)，或(huo)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)10-10之間(jian)(jian)(jian)；特(te)大(da)(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)10-10之間(jian)(jian)(jian)。它包(bao)(bao)括：基(ji)(ji)本(ben)邏(luo)輯門(men)(men)(men)、觸發器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、寄存器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、譯碼器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、驅動器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、計(ji)數(shu)(shu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、整形電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、可(ke)編程邏(luo)輯器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、微處理(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、單片(pian)機(ji)、DSP等。