什么是電子元器件 電子元件和電子器件的區別

電子元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)是元(yuan)件(jian)和器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)的總(zong)稱(cheng)。電子元(yuan)件(jian)：指在(zai)工(gong)廠生(sheng)產加工(gong)時(shi)不改變分(fen)子成(cheng)分(fen)的成(cheng)品。如電阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、電容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、電感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。因為(wei)它本身(shen)不產生(sheng)電子，它對電壓、電流無(wu)控制和變換作(zuo)用，所(suo)以又稱(cheng)無(wu)源器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)。

簡介

電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)是元件(jian)(jian)和(he)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)的總(zong)稱(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元件(jian)(jian)：指(zhi)在(zai)工(gong)廠生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)加工(gong)時不改(gai)變分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)成分(fen)(fen)的成品。如電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)。因為(wei)它(ta)(ta)本身不產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)，它(ta)(ta)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流無(wu)控制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)變換(huan)作用(yong)，所以又(you)稱(cheng)無(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)：指(zhi)在(zai)工(gong)廠生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)加工(gong)時改(gai)變了分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)結(jie)構(gou)的成品。例如晶體(ti)管、電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)管、集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)路。因為(wei)它(ta)(ta)本身能產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流有控制(zhi)(zhi)、變換(huan)作用(yong)（放大(da)(da)、開(kai)關、整流、檢波、振(zhen)蕩和(he)調制(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)），所以又(you)稱(cheng)有源(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)。按分(fen)(fen)類(lei)標準，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)12個(ge)大(da)(da)類(lei)，可歸納為(wei)真空電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)和(he)半導體(ti)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)兩(liang)大(da)(da)塊。電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)發展史其實就是一(yi)部濃縮的電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)發展史。電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)技術是十九世紀(ji)末、二十世紀(ji)初開(kai)始(shi)發展起來(lai)的新興技術，二十世紀(ji)發展最迅速(su)，應用(yong)最廣(guang)泛(fan)，成為(wei)近(jin)代科學技術發展的一(yi)個(ge)重要標志。

分類簡介

概述

一、元件：工(gong)廠在加工(gong)產(chan)品(pin)是(shi)沒有改變分子成(cheng)分產(chan)品(pin)可稱為(wei)元件，不需要能源(yuan)的(de)器(qi)件。它(ta)包括：電(dian)阻、電(dian)容、電(dian)感(gan)器(qi)。(又可稱為(wei)被(bei)動元件PassiveComponents)(1)電(dian)路類器(qi)件：二極管，電(dian)阻器(qi)等等(2)連接類器(qi)件：連接器(qi)，插(cha)座，連接電(dian)纜，印刷電(dian)路板(ban)(PCB)

二、器件：工廠在(zai)生(sheng)產加工時(shi)改變了(le)分子結構的器件稱為(wei)器件

器件分為：

1、主(zhu)動器件，它的主(zhu)要(yao)特點是：(1)自身消耗電(dian)能(2)還需要(yao)外界電(dian)源(yuan)。

2、分立器(qi)件，分為(wei)（1)雙極性晶體(ti)(ti)三極管(2)場效應晶體(ti)(ti)管(3)可(ke)控硅 (4)半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)電阻電容

電阻

電阻(zu)在電路中用(yong)“R”加數(shu)字表(biao)示(shi),如(ru):R1表(biao)示(shi)編(bian)號為1的(de)電阻(zu).電阻(zu)在電路中的(de)主要作用(yong)為:分流(liu)、限流(liu)、分壓、偏置等.

電容

電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中一般用(yong)“C”加數字(zi)表(biao)示(shi)(如(ru)C13表(biao)示(shi)編號(hao)為13的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)).電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)是(shi)由兩(liang)片金(jin)屬膜緊靠,中間(jian)用(yong)絕緣材料隔開而組成(cheng)的(de)(de)元(yuan)件(jian).電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)特性主要是(shi)隔直流(liu)通交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu). 電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)大小(xiao)就(jiu)是(shi)表(biao)示(shi)能(neng)貯存電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)大小(xiao),電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)對(dui)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)信號(hao)的(de)(de)阻礙作用(yong)稱為容(rong)(rong)抗,它與交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)信號(hao)的(de)(de)頻率和電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)有關.

晶體二極管

晶體(ti)二(er)極(ji)管(guan)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中常用(yong)“D”加(jia)數字表(biao)示,如: D5表(biao)示編號為5的(de)二(er)極(ji)管(guan).作(zuo)用(yong):二(er)極(ji)管(guan)的(de)主(zhu)要特性(xing)是單向(xiang)(xiang)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing),也就是在(zai)正向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia),導通電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)很小;而在(zai)反向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)導通電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)極(ji)大或無窮大.正因為二(er)極(ji)管(guan)具有上述特性(xing),無繩電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)機中常把(ba)它用(yong)在(zai)整流、隔(ge)離、穩(wen)壓、極(ji)性(xing)保護、編碼控制、調頻調制和靜噪等電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中.電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)機里(li)使用(yong)的(de)晶體(ti)二(er)極(ji)管(guan)按作(zuo)用(yong)可分為:整流二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(如1N4004)、隔(ge)離二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(如1N4148)、肖特基二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(如BAT85)、發光二(er)極(ji)管(guan)、穩(wen)壓二(er)極(ji)管(guan)等.

電感器

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子制(zhi)作中(zhong)雖(sui)然使用得不(bu)是很多(duo)，但(dan)它們(men)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)同樣重(zhong)要。我們(men)認為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一樣，也是一種儲能元件，它能把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉變(bian)為(wei)磁場(chang)能，并在(zai)(zai)磁場(chang)中(zhong)儲存能量。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)用符號L表示，它的基本單位是亨利（H），常用毫亨（mH）為(wei)單位。它經常和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一起工(gong)作，構成LC濾波器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、LC振(zhen)蕩器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等。另外，人們(men)還利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)的特性，制(zhi)造(zao)了(le)阻流(liu)圈、變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等。

組合電路

集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)是一種采用(yong)特殊工藝，將晶體管、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)等元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)在(zai)(zai)硅基片(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)而形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)有一定功能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，英文為縮寫為IC，也俗稱芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)。模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)主要是指由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、晶體管等元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)在(zai)(zai)一起用(yong)來處理(li)(li)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)信號的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。有許(xu)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，如集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)運算放大(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、比較器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、對數(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)指數(shu)(shu)(shu)放大(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)乘(除)法器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、鎖相(xiang)環、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源管理(li)(li)芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)等。模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要構成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)有：放大(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、濾波器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、反(fan)饋電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、基準源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)等。模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)設(she)計(ji)主要是通過(guo)(guo)有經(jing)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)師進(jin)行手動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)調(diao)試，模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)而得到，與此相(xiang)對應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)設(she)計(ji)大(da)部(bu)分(fen)是通過(guo)(guo)使用(yong)硬件(jian)(jian)(jian)描述(shu)語言(yan)在(zai)(zai)EDA軟件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)下自動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合產生(sheng)。數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)是將元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)連線集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)于(yu)同(tong)一半(ban)導(dao)體芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)而制(zhi)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)邏(luo)輯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)系(xi)統。根據(ju)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中包(bao)(bao)含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)元(yuan)、器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)，可(ke)將數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)分(fen)為小規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(SSI)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、中規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)MSI電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(LSI)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、超大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)VLSI電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和(he)特大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)ULSI)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。小規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)包(bao)(bao)含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)10個(ge)以(yi)內，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)不超過(guo)(guo)100個(ge)；中規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)包(bao)(bao)含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)10-100個(ge)之(zhi)間，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)100-1000個(ge)之(zhi)間；大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)包(bao)(bao)含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)100個(ge)以(yi)上(shang)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)10-10個(ge)之(zhi)間；超大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)包(bao)(bao)含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)1萬個(ge)以(yi)上(shang)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)10-10之(zhi)間；特大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)10-10之(zhi)間。它包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)：基本邏(luo)輯門(men)、觸發器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、寄存器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、譯碼器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、驅(qu)動(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、計(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、整形電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、可(ke)編(bian)程邏(luo)輯器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、微處理(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、單片(pian)(pian)(pian)機、DSP等。