【五軸聯(lian)動(dong)數(shu)控機床】五軸聯(lian)動(dong)數(shu)控機床的結構 五軸聯(lian)動(dong)數(shu)控機床的優(you)勢

五軸聯動數控機床的結構

5軸(zhou)機床大多是(shi)3+2的(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)，即x，y，z三(san)個(ge)直線運動軸(zhou)加(jia)上分(fen)(fen)別圍繞x，y，z軸(zhou)旋轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)a，b，c三(san)個(ge)旋轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)中的(de)(de)兩個(ge)旋轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)組成。這(zhe)樣，從大的(de)(de)方面分(fen)(fen)類，就有x，y，z，a，b；x，y，z，a，c；x，y，z，b，c三(san)種(zhong)形式(shi)；由(you)二(er)個(ge)旋轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)組合形式(shi)來分(fen)(fen)，大體上有雙轉(zhuan)臺(tai)式(shi)、轉(zhuan)臺(tai)加(jia)上擺(bai)頭式(shi)和雙擺(bai)頭式(shi)三(san)種(zhong)形式(shi)。

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這三種結構形式由于物理上的原因，分別決定了機床的規格大小和加工對象的范圍。其中，雙轉臺結構的五軸聯動數控機床由于(yu)在(zai)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)需要在(zai)兩個旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)方向運(yun)動，所以只適合加(jia)工(gong)(gong)小型零件(jian)，如(ru)小型整體渦輪(lun)、葉(xie)輪(lun)、小型精密模(mo)具(ju)等，由于(yu)結構(gou)最(zui)為簡單，所以相對價格較為低廉，就應用(yong)來講，這是(shi)數量(liang)最(zui)多的一(yi)類五連動數控機床。

轉臺加上擺頭式結構的五連動數控機床由(you)于(yu)轉(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)可(ke)以(yi)是(shi)a軸(zhou)(zhou)、b軸(zhou)(zhou)或(huo)(huo)c軸(zhou)(zhou)，擺(bai)頭也(ye)(ye)是(shi)一(yi)樣(yang)，可(ke)以(yi)分別是(shi)a軸(zhou)(zhou)、b軸(zhou)(zhou)或(huo)(huo)c軸(zhou)(zhou)，所(suo)以(yi)轉(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)加(jia)上(shang)擺(bai)頭式(shi)結(jie)(jie)構的(de)(de)五聯(lian)動數控機床可(ke)以(yi)有各種不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)組(zu)合(he)，以(yi)適(shi)應不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)對象，如(ru)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)汽輪發電機的(de)(de)葉(xie)片，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)a軸(zhou)(zhou)加(jia)上(shang)b軸(zhou)(zhou)，其中a軸(zhou)(zhou)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)尾座頂(ding)尖(jian)配合(he)頂(ding)住(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)，如(ru)果工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)較長(chang)同(tong)時直徑又細，則需(xu)(xu)要(yao)兩(liang)(liang)頭夾住(zhu)并(bing)且拉(la)伸工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)來進行加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，當然這里一(yi)個(ge)必(bi)要(yao)條件(jian)是(shi)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)轉(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)必(bi)須(xu)嚴格(ge)同(tong)步旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)。采用(yong)(yong)c軸(zhou)(zhou)加(jia)上(shang)b軸(zhou)(zhou)，由(you)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)僅(jin)在(zai)c軸(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)運動，所(suo)以(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)可(ke)以(yi)很(hen)小(xiao)，也(ye)(ye)可(ke)以(yi)較大(da)，直徑范圍可(ke)由(you)幾十毫米(mi)至數千毫米(mi)，c軸(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)直徑也(ye)(ye)可(ke)以(yi)從100～200mm至2～3m，機床的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)、質量(liang)也(ye)(ye)從幾噸(dun)(dun)(dun)至十幾噸(dun)(dun)(dun)甚至數十噸(dun)(dun)(dun)。這也(ye)(ye)是(shi)一(yi)類(lei)應用(yong)(yong)十分廣泛的(de)(de)五軸(zhou)(zhou)數控機床，其價格(ge)居中，隨機器規(gui)(gui)格(ge)大(da)小(xiao)、精度和性能的(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)相(xiang)差很(hen)大(da)。雙擺(bai)頭式(shi)結(jie)(jie)構的(de)(de)五軸(zhou)(zhou)數控機床，由(you)于(yu)其結(jie)(jie)構本身(shen)的(de)(de)原(yuan)因，擺(bai)頭中間(jian)一(yi)般有一(yi)個(ge)帶(dai)有松拉(la)刀結(jie)(jie)構的(de)(de)電主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)，所(suo)以(yi)雙擺(bai)頭自身(shen)的(de)(de)尺寸不(bu)容易做小(xiao)，一(yi)般在(zai)400～500mm。

五軸聯動數控機床的優勢

五軸聯動(dong)數控(kong)機床(chuang)系(xi)統是(shi)解決葉輪(lun)、葉片、船用(yong)螺旋槳、重型(xing)發(fa)電機轉子、汽輪(lun)機轉子、大型(xing)柴油(you)機曲(qu)(qu)軸等(deng)等(deng)加(jia)工(gong)的唯一手段(duan)。它是(shi)一種科技含量高(gao)、精(jing)(jing)密度(du)高(gao)專門用(yong)于加(jia)工(gong)復雜曲(qu)(qu)面的機床(chuang)，該機床(chuang)系(xi)統對一個國家的航(hang)空、航(hang)天、軍(jun)事(shi)、科研、精(jing)(jing)密器械(xie)、高(gao)精(jing)(jing)醫療設備(bei)等(deng)等(deng)行業有著舉足輕重的影響力。

五軸聯動數控機床的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，讓工(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)夾變(bian)得容(rong)易。加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時無需特殊(shu)夾具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，降低(di)了(le)夾具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)，避免了(le)多(duo)次裝(zhuang)夾，提高模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精度(du)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)五(wu)(wu)軸(zhou)技術(shu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)可(ke)以(yi)減少夾具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)數量。另外，由(you)于五(wu)(wu)軸(zhou)聯(lian)動機(ji)(ji)床可(ke)在加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)省去許多(duo)特殊(shu)刀具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，所以(yi)降低(di)了(le)刀具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。五(wu)(wu)軸(zhou)聯(lian)動機(ji)(ji)床在加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)能增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)刀具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)切削刃長度(du)，減小(xiao)切削力，提高刀具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命，降低(di)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)五(wu)(wu)軸(zhou)聯(lian)動機(ji)(ji)床加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)可(ke)以(yi)很(hen)快(kuai)(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)完成(cheng)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，交貨快(kuai)(kuai)，更好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保證模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量，使(shi)(shi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)變(bian)得更加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)容(rong)易，并(bing)且(qie)使(shi)(shi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)修改變(bian)得容(rong)易。在傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，一般用(yong)(yong)(yong)立式加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)來(lai)完成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)銑(xian)削加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。隨著(zhu)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)制造技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)發展，立式加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)本(ben)(ben)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)一些弱(ruo)點(dian)表現得越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)明顯(xian)。現代模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)普遍(bian)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)球(qiu)頭銑(xian)刀來(lai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，球(qiu)頭銑(xian)刀在模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)帶來(lai)好(hao)處非(fei)常明顯(xian)，但是如果(guo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)立式加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)，其底面的(de)(de)(de)(de)線速度(du)為(wei)零，這樣(yang)底面的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)潔度(du)就很(hen)差(cha)，如果(guo)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)四、五(wu)(wu)軸(zhou)聯(lian)動機(ji)(ji)床加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，可(ke)以(yi)克(ke)服上述不足。