【五(wu)軸(zhou)聯動數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)】五(wu)軸(zhou)聯動數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)的(de)結構 五(wu)軸(zhou)聯動數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)的(de)優(you)勢

五軸聯動數控機床的結構

5軸(zhou)機床(chuang)大多是3+2的(de)(de)結(jie)構，即x，y，z三個(ge)直(zhi)線運動軸(zhou)加上分別圍繞x，y，z軸(zhou)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)a，b，c三個(ge)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)中的(de)(de)兩個(ge)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)組成。這樣，從大的(de)(de)方面分類，就有x，y，z，a，b；x，y，z，a，c；x，y，z，b，c三種(zhong)形(xing)式(shi)；由二(er)個(ge)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)組合形(xing)式(shi)來(lai)分，大體上有雙轉(zhuan)臺式(shi)、轉(zhuan)臺加上擺(bai)頭式(shi)和雙擺(bai)頭式(shi)三種(zhong)形(xing)式(shi)。

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這三種結構形式由于物理上的原因，分別決定了機床的規格大小和加工對象的范圍。其中，雙轉臺結構的五軸聯動數控機床由于在加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)件時工(gong)件需要在兩個旋(xuan)轉方向(xiang)運動，所(suo)以只適(shi)合加(jia)工(gong)小型(xing)零(ling)件，如(ru)小型(xing)整(zheng)體渦輪、葉輪、小型(xing)精密模具等，由于結(jie)構最(zui)為簡單，所(suo)以相對價格較為低廉(lian)，就應用來講，這是數(shu)量最(zui)多的一(yi)類五(wu)連動數(shu)控機床。

轉臺加上擺頭式結構的五連動數控機床由(you)于(yu)轉(zhuan)臺(tai)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)是(shi)a軸(zhou)(zhou)、b軸(zhou)(zhou)或c軸(zhou)(zhou)，擺頭也是(shi)一(yi)樣(yang)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)分別是(shi)a軸(zhou)(zhou)、b軸(zhou)(zhou)或c軸(zhou)(zhou)，所以(yi)(yi)轉(zhuan)臺(tai)加(jia)上(shang)擺頭式(shi)結(jie)構的(de)五(wu)聯動數控機(ji)床可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)有各(ge)種不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)組合，以(yi)(yi)適應(ying)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)加(jia)工(gong)對象(xiang)，如加(jia)工(gong)汽輪發電機(ji)的(de)葉(xie)片，需要(yao)a軸(zhou)(zhou)加(jia)上(shang)b軸(zhou)(zhou)，其(qi)中(zhong)a軸(zhou)(zhou)需要(yao)用(yong)尾座(zuo)頂尖配合頂住工(gong)件(jian)，如果(guo)工(gong)件(jian)較長同(tong)時直(zhi)(zhi)徑又(you)細，則需要(yao)兩頭夾(jia)住并(bing)且拉(la)伸工(gong)件(jian)來進行(xing)加(jia)工(gong)，當然這里(li)一(yi)個必要(yao)條件(jian)是(shi)兩個轉(zhuan)臺(tai)必須嚴格(ge)同(tong)步(bu)旋轉(zhuan)。采(cai)用(yong)c軸(zhou)(zhou)加(jia)上(shang)b軸(zhou)(zhou)，由(you)于(yu)工(gong)件(jian)僅在c軸(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)旋轉(zhuan)運(yun)動，所以(yi)(yi)工(gong)件(jian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)很小，也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)較大(da)(da)，直(zhi)(zhi)徑范圍可(ke)(ke)(ke)由(you)幾十(shi)毫米(mi)至(zhi)數千(qian)毫米(mi)，c軸(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)臺(tai)的(de)直(zhi)(zhi)徑也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)從(cong)100～200mm至(zhi)2～3m，機(ji)床的(de)規格(ge)、質量也從(cong)幾噸至(zhi)十(shi)幾噸甚至(zhi)數十(shi)噸。這也是(shi)一(yi)類應(ying)用(yong)十(shi)分廣泛的(de)五(wu)軸(zhou)(zhou)數控機(ji)床，其(qi)價格(ge)居中(zhong)，隨機(ji)器規格(ge)大(da)(da)小、精度和性能的(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)相差(cha)很大(da)(da)。雙擺頭式(shi)結(jie)構的(de)五(wu)軸(zhou)(zhou)數控機(ji)床，由(you)于(yu)其(qi)結(jie)構本身的(de)原因，擺頭中(zhong)間(jian)一(yi)般有一(yi)個帶有松拉(la)刀結(jie)構的(de)電主軸(zhou)(zhou)，所以(yi)(yi)雙擺頭自身的(de)尺寸(cun)不(bu)(bu)容易做小，一(yi)般在400～500mm。

五軸聯動數控機床的優勢

五(wu)軸聯動數控機床(chuang)系(xi)統是解決葉輪、葉片、船用螺旋槳、重型(xing)發電機轉(zhuan)子、汽輪機轉(zhuan)子、大型(xing)柴油機曲軸等等加(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)唯一(yi)手段。它是一(yi)種科(ke)技含量高(gao)、精密度高(gao)專門(men)用于加(jia)(jia)工(gong)復雜曲面的(de)機床(chuang)，該機床(chuang)系(xi)統對一(yi)個國家(jia)的(de)航空、航天、軍事、科(ke)研、精密器械(xie)、高(gao)精醫療設備等等行業(ye)有著舉足輕(qing)重的(de)影(ying)響力。

五軸聯動數控機床的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，讓工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)裝(zhuang)夾(jia)(jia)變得(de)(de)容易。加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)無需特殊夾(jia)(jia)具(ju)，降(jiang)低(di)了(le)夾(jia)(jia)具(ju)的(de)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)，避免了(le)多次裝(zhuang)夾(jia)(jia)，提高模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度(du)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)五軸(zhou)技(ji)術加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)減少夾(jia)(jia)具(ju)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)數(shu)量。另外，由(you)于五軸(zhou)聯(lian)動(dong)機床可(ke)(ke)在加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中省去許多特殊刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)，所以(yi)降(jiang)低(di)了(le)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)。五軸(zhou)聯(lian)動(dong)機床在加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中能(neng)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)的(de)有(you)效切(qie)削刃長度(du)，減小(xiao)切(qie)削力，提高刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命，降(jiang)低(di)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)五軸(zhou)聯(lian)動(dong)機床加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)很(hen)快的(de)完(wan)成模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，交貨快，更好的(de)保(bao)證模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量，使(shi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)變得(de)(de)更加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)容易，并且(qie)使(shi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)修改變得(de)(de)容易。在傳統(tong)的(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中，一般用(yong)(yong)立(li)式加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中心來完(wan)成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)銑削加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。隨著模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)制(zhi)造(zao)技(ji)術的(de)不斷發展(zhan)，立(li)式加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中心本(ben)(ben)(ben)身的(de)一些弱點表現得(de)(de)越來越明顯(xian)。現代模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)普遍使(shi)用(yong)(yong)球頭銑刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)來加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，球頭銑刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)在模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中帶來好處(chu)非常明顯(xian)，但是如果用(yong)(yong)立(li)式加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中心的(de)話，其底面的(de)線速度(du)為零，這樣底面的(de)光潔度(du)就很(hen)差，如果使(shi)用(yong)(yong)四、五軸(zhou)聯(lian)動(dong)機床加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)克服上述不足(zu)。