一、財產保險和人身保險分別的定義是什么
1、財產保險
財(cai)產(chan)保(bao)險(xian)有廣義與狹義之分。廣義財(cai)產(chan)保(bao)險(xian)是(shi)指以財(cai)產(chan)及其有關的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟利益和損害賠償責任(ren)為保(bao)險(xian)標的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)險(xian);狹義財(cai)產(chan)保(bao)險(xian)則是(shi)指以物質財(cai)產(chan)為保(bao)險(xian)標的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)險(xian)。在(zai)保(bao)險(xian)實務中,后者一般(ban)稱為財(cai)產(chan)損失保(bao)險(xian)。
《中華(hua)人民共和國保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)法》第九十(shi)五(wu)條(tiao)規(gui)定,財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)業務,包(bao)括(kuo)財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)損(sun)失保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)、責(ze)任保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)、信(xin)用(yong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)等(deng)(deng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)業務。可保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan),包(bao)括(kuo)物質形態和非物質形態的(de)財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)及其(qi)有(you)關(guan)(guan)利(li)益。以物質形態的(de)財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)及其(qi)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)利(li)益作(zuo)為(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)標的(de)的(de),通常稱為(wei)財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)損(sun)失保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)。例如(ru),飛機、衛星、電(dian)廠、大型工程、汽車(che)、船舶、廠房、設備以及家庭(ting)財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)等(deng)(deng)。以非物質形態的(de)財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)及其(qi)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)利(li)益作(zuo)為(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)標的(de)的(de),通常是(shi)指(zhi)各種責(ze)任保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)、信(xin)用(yong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)等(deng)(deng)。例如(ru),公眾責(ze)任、產(chan)品責(ze)任、雇主責(ze)任、職業責(ze)任、出口信(xin)用(yong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)、投(tou)資風險(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)等(deng)(deng)。但是(shi),并非所有(you)的(de)財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)及其(qi)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)利(li)益都可以作(zuo)為(wei)財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)標的(de)。只有(you)根據法律規(gui)定,符合(he)財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)合(he)同要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)及其(qi)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)利(li)益,才能成為(wei)財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)標的(de)。
2、人身保險
人(ren)身保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian),是(shi)以(yi)人(ren)的(de)壽命和身體為保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)標的(de)的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)。當人(ren)們遭受不(bu)幸事故(gu)或(huo)(huo)因疾病(bing)、年老(lao)以(yi)致喪(sang)失工作(zuo)能力(li)、傷殘、死亡(wang)或(huo)(huo)年老(lao)退休(xiu)時(shi),根據保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)合同的(de)約定,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)人(ren)對被保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)人(ren)或(huo)(huo)受益人(ren)給付保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)金,以(yi)解決其因病(bing)、殘、老(lao)、死所造成的(de)經濟(ji)困難(nan)。人(ren)身保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)是(shi)在(zai)社會主義制度下(xia),人(ren)身保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)是(shi)勞動者在(zai)遇有不(bu)幸事故(gu),喪(sang)失勞動能力(li)或(huo)(huo)家庭扶養人(ren)死亡(wang)時(shi)得到物質保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)的(de)形式之一。
國(guo)家統一(yi)使用(yong)的人(ren)身(shen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)基金(jin),是(shi)靠投保(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)的按期繳款建立的。人(ren)身(shen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)也是(shi)組織居民儲蓄的一(yi)種(zhong)特殊形式,在投保(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)達到保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)契約所(suo)定的年齡時(shi),國(guo)家給他一(yi)定金(jin)額的款項等(deng)等(deng)。人(ren)身(shen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)按照保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)形式,可以分為(wei)自愿保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)和(he)強制保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian);按照人(ren)身(shen)發生危險(xian)的性質,可以分為(wei)人(ren)壽(shou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)和(he)意外傷害保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)。
二、財產保險與人身保險有什么區別
1、保險標的(也稱保險對象)不同
人(ren)身保(bao)(bao)險的(de)保(bao)(bao)險標(biao)的(de)是人(ren)的(de)壽命(ming)和身體。當遭受(shou)不(bu)幸事(shi)故或(huo)因疾病、年老以(yi)致喪失工作能(neng)力、傷殘、死(si)亡(wang)或(huo)年老退休時,會(hui)給付相應(ying)的(de)保(bao)(bao)險金。
財(cai)產(chan)保(bao)險(xian)的(de)保(bao)險(xian)標(biao)的(de)是(shi)財(cai)產(chan)及其相關利益(yi),包(bao)括財(cai)產(chan)損失(shi)保(bao)險(xian)、責(ze)任保(bao)險(xian)、信用(yong)保(bao)險(xian)、保(bao)證保(bao)險(xian)、農業保(bao)險(xian)等。
2、保額確定方式不同
人身保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)是以投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)人根(gen)據自己的經濟狀(zhuang)況(kuang)、工作性(xing)質來(lai)確定保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)金額的;財(cai)產保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)是根(gen)據保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)標的實際價(jia)值來(lai)確定的,屬于補償性(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。
3、保險期限不同
一般來說人身保險的保險期限都在1年以上,保險期限較長,計算保費時會考慮利率等因素;財產保險多(duo)為短(duan)期(qi)(1年及1年以內)。財產保(bao)險計算保(bao)費時一(yi)般不考(kao)慮利率(lv)因素。
4、保險性質不同
對(dui)于某些人(ren)身保(bao)(bao)險(xian)險(xian)種來說(shuo)具有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的儲蓄性,保(bao)(bao)單在(zai)經過一(yi)定(ding)的時間(jian)后,具有(you)現金價(jia)值,投保(bao)(bao)人(ren)或(huo)被保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人(ren)享有(you)保(bao)(bao)單抵(di)押貸款等一(yi)系(xi)列權利,而(er)財產(chan)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)一(yi)般不(bu)具有(you)。
人(ren)(ren)身(shen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)與(yu)財(cai)產保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的(de)區別有(you)(you)哪些,大致可(ke)以(yi)分為(wei)以(yi)上(shang)四種,對于人(ren)(ren)身(shen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)來說還有(you)(you)一些其他的(de)性質是財(cai)產險(xian)(xian)不具有(you)(you)的(de)。比(bi)如代(dai)位求償(chang)(chang),當損失由第三方造成時(shi),保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)履行賠償(chang)(chang)義務后,可(ke)以(yi)向第三方責任人(ren)(ren)追(zhui)償(chang)(chang)損失,但是被保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)可(ke)以(yi);在(zai)人(ren)(ren)身(shen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)中,投保(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)遭受(shou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)事故受(shou)到傷害(hai)后,既能(neng)從保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司(si)獲得保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)金,又(you)能(neng)從致害(hai)人(ren)(ren)那里(li)獲得賠償(chang)(chang),但保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)沒有(you)(you)從肇事者處索(suo)取(qu)賠償(chang)(chang)的(de)權利。
單(dan)從字面(mian)來看的(de)(de)(de)話(hua),人(ren)身保(bao)(bao)險與財(cai)產保(bao)(bao)險的(de)(de)(de)區(qu)別在承保(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)對象上就有(you)本質的(de)(de)(de)區(qu)別,人(ren)身保(bao)(bao)險主要承保(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)是“人(ren)”一(yi)般(ban)不涉及(ji)“物”;財(cai)產保(bao)(bao)險承保(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)不僅(jin)有(you)“物”還會涉及(ji)到“人(ren)”的(de)(de)(de)問題。
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