一、光伏發電系統分類

光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)分為獨立光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、并網(wang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)及分布(bu)式光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。

1、獨立光伏發電系統

獨立(li)(li)光伏發電也叫離(li)網光伏發電。主要(yao)由太(tai)陽(yang)電池(chi)組(zu)件(jian)、控制器、蓄電池(chi)組(zu)成(cheng)，若要(yao)為(wei)交流負(fu)載(zai)供電，還需要(yao)配置(zhi)交流逆變器，獨立(li)(li)光伏電站包括邊(bian)遠地區的村(cun)莊供電系(xi)統(tong)、太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)戶用電源(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)、通信(xin)信(xin)號(hao)電源(yuan)、陰極保護、太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)路(lu)燈等各種帶有蓄電池(chi)的可以獨立(li)(li)運行的光伏發電系(xi)統(tong)。

2、并網光伏發電系統

并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)光伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就(jiu)是(shi)太陽能組(zu)件產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)經過并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)逆變器轉換(huan)成符合市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)要求的(de)(de)(de)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之后直(zhi)接接入公(gong)共電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)。可(ke)以(yi)分為帶蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)光伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統和不帶蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)光伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統，帶有(you)(you)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)光伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統具有(you)(you)可(ke)調(diao)(diao)度(du)性，可(ke)以(yi)根據(ju)需要并(bing)(bing)入或退出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，還(huan)具有(you)(you)備(bei)(bei)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)功能，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)因故停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時可(ke)緊急供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；帶有(you)(you)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)光伏(fu)(fu)并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統常常安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)居(ju)民建筑(zhu)；不帶蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)光伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統不具備(bei)(bei)可(ke)調(diao)(diao)度(du)性和備(bei)(bei)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)功能，一(yi)般(ban)安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)較大型的(de)(de)(de)系統上。

3、分布式光伏發電系統

分布式(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統又可分為集中式(shi)大(da)(da)型并網(wang)光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)和(he)分布式(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏系(xi)統。集中式(shi)大(da)(da)型并網(wang)光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的主要特點是能將所發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)接輸送到電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)統一調(diao)配向(xiang)用戶供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)投(tou)資大(da)(da)、建設周(zhou)期長、占(zhan)地面(mian)積大(da)(da)。而分布式(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏系(xi)統，有(you)投(tou)資小、建設快、占(zhan)地面(mian)積小、政策支持力度大(da)(da)等優(you)點。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、光伏發電系統應用領域

1、用戶太陽能電源?

(1)小(xiao)型電(dian)源(yuan)10-100W不等，用于(yu)邊遠(yuan)無電(dian)地區如高(gao)原、海島(dao)、牧區、邊防(fang)哨所(suo)等軍民生活用電(dian)，如照明、電(dian)視、收音機等；

(2)3~5KW家庭屋(wu)頂(ding)并網發(fa)電系統；

(3)光伏水(shui)泵(beng)：解決無電(dian)地區的深水(shui)井飲用、灌溉;

(4)太陽能凈水(shui)器：解決(jue)無(wu)電地區的飲水(shui)、凈化水(shui)質問題。

2、交通領域

如(ru)航標(biao)燈、交通/鐵路(lu)信號燈、交通警示/標(biao)志燈、高空(kong)障礙燈、高速公路(lu)/鐵路(lu)無(wu)線電話亭、無(wu)人(ren)值守道班供電等。

3、通訊/通信領域

太陽(yang)能(neng)無人值守微波(bo)中繼站(zhan)、光(guang)纜維護站(zhan)、廣播/通訊/尋(xun)呼電(dian)源系統；農村(cun)載(zai)波(bo)電(dian)話(hua)光(guang)伏系統、小型通信機、士兵GPS供電(dian)等(deng)。

4、石油、海洋、氣象領域

石(shi)油管(guan)道和水庫閘門陰極保(bao)護太陽能電源系統、石(shi)油鉆井(jing)平臺生活及(ji)應急電源、海洋檢測(ce)設(she)備、氣象/水文(wen)觀(guan)測(ce)設(she)備等。

5、家庭燈具電源

如(ru)庭院燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、路燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、手提燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、野(ye)營燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、登山(shan)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、垂釣燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、黑光(guang)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、割膠燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、節(jie)能(neng)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、投(tou)射燈(deng)(deng)(deng)等。

6、光伏電站

10KW-50MW獨立光(guang)伏電站(zhan)、風光(guang)（柴）互補電站(zhan)、各種大(da)型(xing)停車廠充電站(zhan)等。

7、太陽能建筑

將太(tai)陽能(neng)發電與建筑材料(liao)相結合，使得未(wei)來(lai)的大型建筑實現電力自給，是未(wei)來(lai)一大發展(zhan)方(fang)向。

8、其他領域包括

(1)與汽車(che)(che)(che)配套：太陽能汽車(che)(che)(che)/電(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)、電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)設備、汽車(che)(che)(che)空調、換氣扇、冷飲箱等；

(2)太陽能制氫加燃料電池的(de)再(zai)生(sheng)發電系統；

(3)海水淡化設備供電；

(4)衛星、航天器、空間太陽能電(dian)站等。