一、光伏發電系統分類

光伏(fu)發電系(xi)(xi)統分為獨立光伏(fu)發電系(xi)(xi)統、并網光伏(fu)發電系(xi)(xi)統及分布式(shi)光伏(fu)發電系(xi)(xi)統。

1、獨立光伏發電系統

獨(du)立光(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)也叫(jiao)離(li)網光(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)。主要由(you)太陽(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組件、控(kong)制器、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組成，若要為交流(liu)負載供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，還需(xu)要配置交流(liu)逆(ni)變器，獨(du)立光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站包括邊遠地(di)區的村莊供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統、太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)戶(hu)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)源系(xi)統、通信信號電(dian)(dian)(dian)源、陰極保(bao)護、太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)路(lu)燈(deng)等各(ge)種帶有蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的可以獨(du)立運行的光(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統。

2、并網光伏發電系統

并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就是太陽能(neng)組(zu)件產生的(de)(de)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)經過(guo)并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)逆變器轉換成符合市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)要求的(de)(de)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之后直接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)公共電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)。可(ke)(ke)以分為(wei)帶蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)和(he)不(bu)帶蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)，帶有(you)(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)具有(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)調度性，可(ke)(ke)以根據需(xu)要并(bing)(bing)(bing)入(ru)或退(tui)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，還具有(you)(you)備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)功能(neng)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)因故停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時可(ke)(ke)緊急供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；帶有(you)(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)常常安裝在居民(min)建筑；不(bu)帶蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)不(bu)具備(bei)可(ke)(ke)調度性和(he)備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)功能(neng)，一般安裝在較大型的(de)(de)系統(tong)(tong)上。

3、分布式光伏發電系統

分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式光(guang)伏發電(dian)系(xi)統又可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為集(ji)中(zhong)式大(da)(da)型并網光(guang)伏電(dian)站(zhan)和分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式光(guang)伏系(xi)統。集(ji)中(zhong)式大(da)(da)型并網光(guang)伏電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)主要特(te)點是能(neng)將所發電(dian)直接輸送到電(dian)網，由(you)電(dian)網統一調配向用(yong)戶(hu)供電(dian)。這種電(dian)站(zhan)投資(zi)大(da)(da)、建設周期長、占(zhan)地面積(ji)大(da)(da)。而分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式光(guang)伏系(xi)統，有投資(zi)小、建設快、占(zhan)地面積(ji)小、政(zheng)策支(zhi)持力度大(da)(da)等優點。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、光伏發電系統應用領域

1、用戶太陽能電源?

(1)小型電源(yuan)10-100W不等(deng)(deng)，用(yong)于邊(bian)遠(yuan)無電地區如高原、海島、牧區、邊(bian)防哨(shao)所(suo)等(deng)(deng)軍民生活用(yong)電，如照明、電視(shi)、收(shou)音(yin)機等(deng)(deng)；

(2)3~5KW家(jia)庭屋頂并網(wang)發電(dian)系統；

(3)光伏水泵：解(jie)決無電(dian)地區(qu)的深(shen)水井(jing)飲用、灌溉(gai);

(4)太陽能凈水(shui)器：解決(jue)無電地區的飲水(shui)、凈化(hua)水(shui)質問(wen)題。

2、交通領域

如航標(biao)燈、交通/鐵路(lu)信號燈、交通警(jing)示(shi)/標(biao)志(zhi)燈、高空(kong)障礙燈、高速公路(lu)/鐵路(lu)無(wu)線電話亭、無(wu)人值守道(dao)班供電等。

3、通訊/通信領域

太陽能無人(ren)值守微波(bo)中(zhong)繼(ji)站(zhan)、光(guang)纜維護站(zhan)、廣播/通訊/尋(xun)呼電(dian)源系(xi)統(tong)；農(nong)村載波(bo)電(dian)話(hua)光(guang)伏系(xi)統(tong)、小(xiao)型通信機、士兵GPS供電(dian)等(deng)。

4、石油、海洋、氣象領域

石油(you)(you)管道和水庫閘門陰極(ji)保護太陽能(neng)電(dian)源系統、石油(you)(you)鉆井(jing)平臺(tai)生活及(ji)應急電(dian)源、海洋檢(jian)測設備、氣象/水文(wen)觀測設備等。

5、家庭燈具電源

如庭(ting)院燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、路燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、手提燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、野營燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、登山燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、垂釣燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、黑光燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、割膠(jiao)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、節能(neng)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、投射燈(deng)(deng)(deng)等。

6、光伏電站

10KW-50MW獨立光(guang)伏電(dian)站、風光(guang)（柴）互補電(dian)站、各種大型(xing)停(ting)車廠(chang)充電(dian)站等。

7、太陽能建筑

將(jiang)太陽(yang)能發電與建筑材(cai)料相結合，使得未(wei)來的大型建筑實現電力自給(gei)，是未(wei)來一大發展(zhan)方向。

8、其他領域包括

(1)與汽(qi)(qi)車(che)配套：太(tai)陽能汽(qi)(qi)車(che)/電動車(che)、電池充(chong)電設備(bei)、汽(qi)(qi)車(che)空調、換(huan)氣扇、冷(leng)飲箱等(deng)；

(2)太陽能制(zhi)氫加燃料電池的再生發電系統；

(3)海水淡化設(she)備(bei)供電(dian)；

(4)衛星、航天器、空(kong)間太陽能電站等。