一、光伏發電系統分類

光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)分(fen)為獨(du)立光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)、并(bing)網光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)及分(fen)布式光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)。

1、獨立光伏發電系統

獨(du)立(li)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)也(ye)叫離網光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)。主要(yao)由太陽電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)件、控制器、蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)成，若要(yao)為交流負載(zai)供(gong)電(dian)，還需要(yao)配(pei)置交流逆變器，獨(du)立(li)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)站包括(kuo)邊(bian)遠地區的(de)村莊供(gong)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)、太陽能(neng)戶用(yong)電(dian)源系統(tong)(tong)、通信信號電(dian)源、陰極保護、太陽能(neng)路燈等各種帶有蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)可(ke)以獨(du)立(li)運行的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)。

2、并網光伏發電系統

并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就是太陽能(neng)組件產生的(de)(de)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)經過(guo)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)逆(ni)變器轉(zhuan)換成符(fu)合市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)要求的(de)(de)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之后直接接入公共(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)。可以分為帶(dai)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)和不(bu)帶(dai)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)，帶(dai)有蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)具(ju)有可調度性(xing)，可以根據需要并(bing)入或退出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)，還具(ju)有備(bei)(bei)(bei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)功能(neng)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)因故停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時可緊急供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；帶(dai)有蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)常(chang)常(chang)安裝在(zai)居民建筑；不(bu)帶(dai)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)不(bu)具(ju)備(bei)(bei)(bei)可調度性(xing)和備(bei)(bei)(bei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)功能(neng)，一般(ban)安裝在(zai)較大型的(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)上。

3、分布式光伏發電系統

分布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)又可(ke)分為集(ji)中式(shi)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)并(bing)網光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)和分布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)系統(tong)(tong)。集(ji)中式(shi)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)并(bing)網光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的主要特點(dian)是(shi)能(neng)將所發電(dian)(dian)直接輸送到電(dian)(dian)網，由電(dian)(dian)網統(tong)(tong)一調配向用戶供電(dian)(dian)。這種電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)投資大(da)(da)(da)、建設周期(qi)長(chang)、占(zhan)(zhan)地面積大(da)(da)(da)。而分布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)系統(tong)(tong)，有投資小、建設快、占(zhan)(zhan)地面積小、政策支持(chi)力度(du)大(da)(da)(da)等優點(dian)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、光伏發電系統應用領域

1、用戶太陽能電源?

(1)小型電(dian)源10-100W不(bu)等，用于邊(bian)遠無(wu)電(dian)地區如高原、海島、牧(mu)區、邊(bian)防(fang)哨所等軍民生活(huo)用電(dian)，如照明、電(dian)視、收音機等；

(2)3~5KW家庭屋頂(ding)并網發(fa)電(dian)系統；

(3)光(guang)伏水(shui)泵：解決(jue)無電地區的深(shen)水(shui)井飲用、灌(guan)溉(gai);

(4)太陽能凈水器：解(jie)決無電地(di)區的(de)飲水、凈化(hua)水質問題。

2、交通領域

如航標(biao)燈、交通/鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)信號燈、交通警示(shi)/標(biao)志燈、高(gao)(gao)空障礙燈、高(gao)(gao)速公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)/鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)無(wu)線(xian)電話亭、無(wu)人(ren)值守道班供電等。

3、通訊/通信領域

太陽(yang)能無人值守微(wei)波中繼(ji)站、光(guang)纜維護站、廣(guang)播/通訊/尋呼(hu)電源(yuan)系(xi)統；農村載波電話光(guang)伏系(xi)統、小(xiao)型通信機、士兵GPS供電等。

4、石油、海洋、氣象領域

石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)管道和水(shui)庫(ku)閘門陰極保護太(tai)陽(yang)能電源系(xi)統、石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)鉆井平(ping)臺生活及應急(ji)電源、海洋檢測(ce)(ce)設備、氣(qi)象(xiang)/水(shui)文觀測(ce)(ce)設備等。

5、家庭燈具電源

如(ru)庭院燈(deng)(deng)、路(lu)燈(deng)(deng)、手提燈(deng)(deng)、野營(ying)燈(deng)(deng)、登(deng)山燈(deng)(deng)、垂釣燈(deng)(deng)、黑光燈(deng)(deng)、割(ge)膠燈(deng)(deng)、節能燈(deng)(deng)、投射燈(deng)(deng)等。

6、光伏電站

10KW-50MW獨立光伏(fu)電(dian)站(zhan)、風光（柴）互補電(dian)站(zhan)、各種大型(xing)停車廠充(chong)電(dian)站(zhan)等。

7、太陽能建筑

將太陽能發電(dian)與建筑(zhu)材料相結合，使得未來(lai)的大型(xing)建筑(zhu)實現電(dian)力自給，是未來(lai)一大發展方向。

8、其他領域包括

(1)與汽(qi)車(che)(che)配套(tao)：太陽(yang)能汽(qi)車(che)(che)/電動車(che)(che)、電池充(chong)電設備、汽(qi)車(che)(che)空調、換氣扇、冷飲箱等；

(2)太陽能制氫加燃料電池的再生發電系統；

(3)海水淡化(hua)設備供電；

(4)衛星、航天器、空間(jian)太陽能電(dian)站等。