一、光伏發電系統分類

光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)發電(dian)系統(tong)分(fen)為獨(du)立光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)發電(dian)系統(tong)、并(bing)網光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)發電(dian)系統(tong)及(ji)分(fen)布式光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)發電(dian)系統(tong)。

1、獨立光伏發電系統

獨立(li)光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)也叫離網光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)。主要(yao)由太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)電(dian)池組(zu)(zu)件、控(kong)制器、蓄(xu)電(dian)池組(zu)(zu)成，若要(yao)為交流負載供(gong)電(dian)，還需要(yao)配置交流逆(ni)變器，獨立(li)光伏(fu)電(dian)站包(bao)括邊遠地區的村莊供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)統、太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能戶(hu)用(yong)電(dian)源系(xi)統、通信(xin)信(xin)號電(dian)源、陰極(ji)保(bao)護、太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能路燈等各種帶有蓄(xu)電(dian)池的可以獨立(li)運行的光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)系(xi)統。

2、并網光伏發電系統

并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就是太(tai)陽能組件產生的(de)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)經過并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)逆變器轉換(huan)成符合(he)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)要(yao)求的(de)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之后直接接入(ru)公共電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。可以分為(wei)帶(dai)(dai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)不(bu)(bu)帶(dai)(dai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)，帶(dai)(dai)有(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)具(ju)有(you)可調度性，可以根據需要(yao)并(bing)(bing)入(ru)或(huo)退出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，還(huan)具(ju)有(you)備(bei)(bei)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)功能，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)因故停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時可緊急供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；帶(dai)(dai)有(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)常常安裝在居民(min)建筑；不(bu)(bu)帶(dai)(dai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)(bu)具(ju)備(bei)(bei)可調度性和(he)備(bei)(bei)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)功能，一(yi)般安裝在較大型的(de)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)上(shang)。

3、分布式光伏發電系統

分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)又可分(fen)為集中(zhong)式(shi)大(da)型(xing)并網光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)和分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。集中(zhong)式(shi)大(da)型(xing)并網光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的主要特點是能將所(suo)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)直接輸送到電(dian)(dian)(dian)網，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)網統(tong)一調配向用戶供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)投資大(da)、建設周期長、占(zhan)地(di)面積(ji)大(da)。而分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，有投資小(xiao)、建設快、占(zhan)地(di)面積(ji)小(xiao)、政策支持力度大(da)等(deng)優點。

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二、光伏發電系統應用領域

1、用戶太陽能電源?

(1)小型電(dian)(dian)源10-100W不(bu)等，用于邊遠無電(dian)(dian)地區如高原、海島、牧區、邊防哨(shao)所(suo)等軍民生活用電(dian)(dian)，如照明(ming)、電(dian)(dian)視、收音機(ji)等；

(2)3~5KW家庭屋頂并網發電系統；

(3)光(guang)伏水(shui)泵：解(jie)決無(wu)電地區的深水(shui)井(jing)飲用、灌溉;

(4)太(tai)陽能凈(jing)水器：解(jie)決(jue)無電地區的飲(yin)水、凈(jing)化(hua)水質問題(ti)。

2、交通領域

如航標(biao)燈、交通(tong)(tong)/鐵路(lu)信號燈、交通(tong)(tong)警(jing)示/標(biao)志燈、高空障礙燈、高速(su)公路(lu)/鐵路(lu)無(wu)線電(dian)話(hua)亭、無(wu)人值守道班供電(dian)等。

3、通訊/通信領域

太陽能無人(ren)值守微波中(zhong)繼站、光(guang)纜維(wei)護站、廣播/通(tong)訊/尋呼電(dian)源系統；農村載波電(dian)話(hua)光(guang)伏系統、小型通(tong)信(xin)機、士兵GPS供電(dian)等。

4、石油、海洋、氣象領域

石(shi)油管(guan)道和(he)水庫閘門陰極保護太(tai)陽能(neng)電源系(xi)統(tong)、石(shi)油鉆井(jing)平(ping)臺生活(huo)及(ji)應急電源、海洋檢測設(she)備(bei)、氣象/水文觀測設(she)備(bei)等(deng)。

5、家庭燈具電源

如庭院燈(deng)(deng)、路燈(deng)(deng)、手提燈(deng)(deng)、野營燈(deng)(deng)、登山燈(deng)(deng)、垂釣(diao)燈(deng)(deng)、黑光(guang)燈(deng)(deng)、割(ge)膠燈(deng)(deng)、節能燈(deng)(deng)、投(tou)射(she)燈(deng)(deng)等。

6、光伏電站

10KW-50MW獨(du)立(li)光(guang)伏電(dian)站、風光(guang)（柴(chai)）互補電(dian)站、各種大型停車廠充電(dian)站等。

7、太陽能建筑

將太陽能發電(dian)與建筑材(cai)料相結合，使(shi)得(de)未來(lai)的大型建筑實現電(dian)力自給，是未來(lai)一大發展(zhan)方向。

8、其他領域包括

(1)與汽(qi)車(che)配套：太陽(yang)能汽(qi)車(che)/電(dian)動車(che)、電(dian)池充電(dian)設(she)備、汽(qi)車(che)空調、換氣扇(shan)、冷飲箱等；

(2)太(tai)陽(yang)能制氫加燃料電池的再生發電系統(tong)；

(3)海水淡化設備供電；

(4)衛(wei)星、航天器、空間太陽能電站等。