一、光伏發電系統分類

光伏發(fa)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)分為獨立光伏發(fa)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)、并(bing)網(wang)光伏發(fa)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)及分布式光伏發(fa)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)。

1、獨立光伏發電系統

獨立光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)也叫離網光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)。主要(yao)由太陽(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)件(jian)、控制(zhi)器(qi)、蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)成，若要(yao)為交流(liu)負載供電(dian)(dian)，還需要(yao)配置交流(liu)逆變器(qi)，獨立光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)包括邊遠(yuan)地(di)區(qu)的(de)村莊供電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)、太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)戶用電(dian)(dian)源系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)、通信信號電(dian)(dian)源、陰極保護、太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)路燈(deng)等各(ge)種帶(dai)有(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)可以(yi)獨立運行的(de)光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)。

2、并網光伏發電系統

并(bing)網(wang)(wang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就是太(tai)陽能(neng)組(zu)件產生的(de)(de)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)經過并(bing)網(wang)(wang)逆(ni)變器轉換成符(fu)合(he)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之(zhi)后直接接入公共(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)。可(ke)以(yi)分(fen)為帶(dai)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)和(he)不(bu)帶(dai)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)，帶(dai)有蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)具(ju)(ju)有可(ke)調度性(xing)，可(ke)以(yi)根據需要(yao)并(bing)入或退出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，還具(ju)(ju)有備(bei)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)因故停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時可(ke)緊急(ji)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；帶(dai)有蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)常常安裝在(zai)居民建(jian)筑；不(bu)帶(dai)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)不(bu)具(ju)(ju)備(bei)可(ke)調度性(xing)和(he)備(bei)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)，一(yi)般安裝在(zai)較(jiao)大型的(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)上。

3、分布式光伏發電系統

分布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)又(you)可(ke)分為集中式(shi)大(da)型(xing)并(bing)網(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)站和分布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)系統(tong)。集中式(shi)大(da)型(xing)并(bing)網(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)站的(de)主要特點是能將所發電(dian)(dian)直接輸送到(dao)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)，由電(dian)(dian)網(wang)統(tong)一調(diao)配向(xiang)用戶(hu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)。這種電(dian)(dian)站投資大(da)、建設周期(qi)長(chang)、占地面積大(da)。而分布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)系統(tong)，有投資小、建設快、占地面積小、政策支持力度大(da)等(deng)優點。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、光伏發電系統應用領域

1、用戶太陽能電源?

(1)小型電源(yuan)10-100W不(bu)等(deng)(deng)，用于邊遠無電地區如高原、海島、牧區、邊防哨所等(deng)(deng)軍民生活用電，如照明(ming)、電視、收音(yin)機等(deng)(deng)；

(2)3~5KW家(jia)庭屋頂并網(wang)發電系統；

(3)光伏水(shui)(shui)泵：解決無電地區(qu)的深水(shui)(shui)井飲用、灌溉;

(4)太陽能凈水(shui)(shui)器：解決無(wu)電(dian)地區(qu)的飲水(shui)(shui)、凈化水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)問題(ti)。

2、交通領域

如航(hang)標(biao)燈、交通(tong)/鐵路(lu)信號燈、交通(tong)警示/標(biao)志燈、高空(kong)障(zhang)礙燈、高速公路(lu)/鐵路(lu)無(wu)線(xian)電話亭、無(wu)人值守(shou)道班供電等。

3、通訊/通信領域

太陽能無(wu)人值守微波中繼站、光纜維護站、廣播(bo)/通訊/尋呼電源系統(tong)；農村載波電話光伏系統(tong)、小型通信機、士兵GPS供電等(deng)。

4、石油、海洋、氣象領域

石油(you)管道和水(shui)庫閘門陰極保護太陽能(neng)電源(yuan)系(xi)統、石油(you)鉆井平臺(tai)生活及應急電源(yuan)、海洋(yang)檢測設備、氣象/水(shui)文觀測設備等。

5、家庭燈具電源

如庭院燈、路燈、手提燈、野營燈、登山燈、垂釣燈、黑光燈、割膠燈、節能燈、投射燈等。

6、光伏電站

10KW-50MW獨立光(guang)伏電(dian)站、風光(guang)（柴(chai)）互(hu)補(bu)電(dian)站、各種大型停(ting)車廠充電(dian)站等。

7、太陽能建筑

將太陽能發電(dian)與建(jian)筑(zhu)材料相結合(he)，使得未來的(de)大型建(jian)筑(zhu)實(shi)現電(dian)力(li)自給，是未來一(yi)大發展(zhan)方(fang)向。

8、其他領域包括

(1)與(yu)汽(qi)(qi)車配套：太陽能汽(qi)(qi)車/電動車、電池充電設備(bei)、汽(qi)(qi)車空調、換氣扇(shan)、冷飲(yin)箱等；

(2)太陽能制氫(qing)加燃(ran)料電池的再生發電系(xi)統；

(3)海水淡化(hua)設(she)備(bei)供電；

(4)衛星、航天器、空間太(tai)陽能電站(zhan)等。