電池儲能系統的結構組成
1、蓄電池系統
目(mu)前儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)方式主(zhu)要分為三類:物理儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(抽(chou)水(shui)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)、壓縮空氣儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)、飛輪儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)等)、化(hua)學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)、氧化(hua)還原液流電(dian)池(chi)、鈉硫電(dian)池(chi)、鋰離子電(dian)池(chi))和電(dian)磁(ci)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)三大類,由于經濟(ji)性及應用(yong)場景的原因,除抽(chou)水(shui)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)外,化(hua)學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)是應用(yong)最廣(guang)泛,從國(guo)際和國(guo)內(nei)市場來看(kan),化(hua)學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)中的鋰離子應用(yong)較多。
2、PCS變流器系統
儲(chu)能雙(shuang)(shuang)向變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)簡稱PCS,儲(chu)能變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)可以實現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)間的(de)交直(zhi)流(liu)轉(zhuan)換,完成兩者(zhe)間的(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)向能量流(liu)動,并通過控制策(ce)略實現(xian)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)理、網(wang)測(ce)負荷(he)功率跟蹤(zong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)(tong)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率控制和正常及孤島運行方式下網(wang)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)控制;具有高轉(zhuan)換效(xiao)率、寬電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)輸入范圍、快速并離(li)網(wang)切換和方便維(wei)護(hu)等(deng)特點,同時(shi)具備完善(shan)的(de)保護(hu)功能,如孤島保護(hu)、直(zhi)流(liu)過壓(ya)保護(hu)和低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)穿越(yue)(可選(xuan))等(deng),滿(man)足系(xi)統(tong)(tong)并、離(li)網(wang)要(yao)求。
3、箱變系統(如有)
如(ru)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)高壓(6kV、10kV、20kV、35kV等(deng))并網系(xi)(xi)統(tong),須(xu)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)箱變(bian)完成升(sheng)壓任(ren)務,為盡(jin)量減少兩支路間的電(dian)磁(ci)干擾及(ji)環(huan)流影(ying)響,箱變(bian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)雙分裂(lie)變(bian)壓器(qi),其(qi)他(ta)參數跟風電(dian)和光伏無(wu)大的差別。
4、站用變電系統(如有)
為(wei)變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)內(nei)的(de)設備提(ti)供交流電(dian),如(ru)照(zhao)明、暖通(tong)、檢(jian)修、保(bao)護屏、高壓開(kai)關(guan)(guan)柜內(nei)的(de)儲能電(dian)機、開(kai)關(guan)(guan)儲能、生活和工作設施供電(dian)等(deng),需要(yao)操作電(dian)源的(de)。如(ru)與跟風電(dian)、光(guang)伏等(deng)組成多能互(hu)補的(de)電(dian)站(zhan),可與風電(dian)或光(guang)伏共用(yong)(yong)一套站(zhan)用(yong)(yong)變(bian)系(xi)統。同時(shi)根據用(yong)(yong)電(dian)負荷,選擇(ze)合適的(de)站(zhan)用(yong)(yong)變(bian)容量。
5、電纜(一次和二次)
交流ZR-YJV22 或ZR-YJV23阻(zu)燃交聯聚乙烯絕緣電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)具有高機械(xie)強度、耐環(huan)境應力好(hao)、優良(liang)的(de)電(dian)氣性能和耐化學腐(fu)蝕(shi)等特點,重量輕,結構簡(jian)單,使用方便(bian)。本(ben)產品適用于交流額定電(dian)壓35kV 及以(yi)下的(de)輸(shu)配電(dian)線路上。
ZR-RVVP 控制電(dian)纜低煙(yan)無鹵阻(zu)燃(ran)型電(dian)纜的特點是電(dian)纜不僅具備(bei)阻(zu)燃(ran)性(xing)能,而(er)且具有低發(fa)煙(yan)性(xing)和(he)無害性(xing)(毒(du)性(xing)和(he)腐(fu)蝕性(xing)較(jiao)小),適用于對電(dian)纜阻(zu)燃(ran)、煙(yan)密度、毒(du)性(xing)指數有特別要(yao)求(qiu)的場所(suo)。
6、電池管理系統BMS、能量管理系統EMS
電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管(guan)(guan)理系統BMS,主要對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)進(jin)行(xing)管(guan)(guan)理。充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)時能(neng)保(bao)證各(ge)單(dan)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)之間的電(dian)(dian)壓差(cha)異小于設定值,實現電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組各(ge)單(dan)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的均充(chong),有效(xiao)(xiao)地改(gai)善(shan)了(le)串聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式下的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)效(xiao)(xiao)果。同時檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組中各(ge)個單(dan)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的過壓、欠壓、過流、短路(lu)、過溫狀(zhuang)態,保(bao)護(hu)并(bing)延長電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用壽命。BMS系統隨鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)成套提供(gong)。
能(neng)量(liang)管理系(xi)統EMS,主要(yao)是(shi)對(dui)電站的實時運行(xing)狀態信(xin)(xin)息進行(xing)監(jian)(jian)控,包(bao)括系(xi)統功率曲線、電池電壓溫度(du)信(xin)(xin)息、累計處理電量(liang)信(xin)(xin)息及(ji)其他(ta)約定的監(jian)(jian)測信(xin)(xin)息。并且(qie)可以在服務器中建立遠程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)控軟(ruan)件能(neng)夠(gou)遠程(cheng)控制及(ji)下載數據,能(neng)夠(gou)實時報警,并傳輸到指定手(shou)機上。
7、監控系統、相關接入系統設備
電池(chi)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)監控(kong)系統(tong)(tong)基本功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包括:測量監視功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、數(shu)據(ju)處理(li)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、分(fen)析統(tong)(tong)計功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、操作控(kong)制(zhi)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、事件告警功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、保護管(guan)理(li)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、人機(ji)接口功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、事故(gu)追憶及歷史反演(yan)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、歷史數(shu)據(ju)管(guan)理(li)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、遠動及轉發功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、系統(tong)(tong)維護功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。
相(xiang)(xiang)關接(jie)入系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的設備(bei)是(shi)整個的監控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的組成部分(fen),由于各個地方(fang)電網建設的情(qing)況(kuang)不一樣,形成了接(jie)入系(xi)(xi)統(tong)所需(xu)的設備(bei)不盡相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong),不過(guo)根據(ju)國標GB、行標DL等要(yao)求(qiu),還是(shi)可以發現一些共同(tong)的設備(bei)。
儲能系統的作用
1、提高分布式能源的穩定性
儲能系統應用(yong)于微電網(wang)(wang)中(zhong),通(tong)過能源(yuan)(yuan)管理系統(EMS),將分布式能源(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)儲能系統、主電網(wang)(wang)協同(tong)控制,可以(yi)平穩(wen)分布式能源(yuan)(yuan)的波(bo)動,穩(wen)定輸出(chu),并提供分布式能源(yuan)(yuan)的就地(di)利用(yong)率,避免遠(yuan)距離傳輸給(gei)主電網(wang)(wang)照成傳輸壓力及電力損耗。
除此之外(wai),儲能系統還能在夜間,或分(fen)布式(shi)能源維修期間,持續為主要(yao)負(fu)載提供部分(fen)電源,減少停(ting)電時間。
2、改善用戶用電的電能質量
儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)運用(yong)(yong),能(neng)夠對(dui)微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)能(neng)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)提升發揮重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong),系統(tong)通過(guo)對(dui)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系統(tong)中PCS控制,在穩定電(dian)(dian)能(neng)輸(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi),調節儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系統(tong)向微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網輸(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)有(you)功、無功,同時(shi)解(jie)決電(dian)(dian)壓驟降/跌落問題。
在(zai)面對主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)驟(zou)升、驟(zou)降(jiang)等問題時(shi),儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)統(tong)可以提供快速(su)功率(lv)緩沖(chong),快速(su)吸收/補充(chong)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng),提供有(you)功,無功功率(lv)支(zhi)撐,穩定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波動。儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)統(tong)也能(neng)(neng)(neng)為(wei)微電(dian)(dian)網提供部分諧波治理功能(neng)(neng)(neng)。
3、調峰
儲能系統在微電網中,可以在負荷低谷時候,存儲分布式能源發出的多余電能,在負荷用電高峰時候釋放電能,調節負荷需求。儲能系統作為微網中能量緩沖環節,在微網系統中是必不可少的。儲(chu)能(neng)系統在滿足峰值(zhi)負(fu)荷用(yong)電(dian)的同(tong)時,可以降低(di)發(fa)電(dian)機組(zu)或變壓(ya)器(qi)所需容(rong)量。