一、什么是儲能系統
在對儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)過程(cheng)進行(xing)分析(xi)時(shi),為了確定研究對象而劃(hua)出的(de)部(bu)分物(wu)(wu)體或空間范(fan)圍,稱為儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)統。它(ta)包括(kuo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)物(wu)(wu)質的(de)輸入和(he)輸出、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)轉換和(he)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存設備。儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)統往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)涉及多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)設備、多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)(wu)質、多(duo)個過程(cheng),是隨時(shi)間變化的(de)復雜能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)系(xi)統,需要多(duo)項指標來描(miao)述(shu)它(ta)的(de)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。常用(yong)的(de)評(ping)價指標有儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)密度、儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)功(gong)率、蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)率以及儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)價格、對環境的(de)影響等。
二、電池儲能系統包括哪幾個方面
儲能(neng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的構成主(zhu)要包括(kuo)蓄(xu)電池系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),PCS變(bian)流器系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、箱(xiang)變(bian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(如有)、站用變(bian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(如有)、能(neng)量管理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)及監控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(SCADA系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong))、一次和二次電纜等組(zu)成。
1、蓄電池系統
我們知(zhi)道目前儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)方式主要分為(wei)三類:物理儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(抽(chou)水(shui)(shui)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、壓(ya)縮空氣儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、飛(fei)輪(lun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等)、化(hua)學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(鉛酸電(dian)池、氧化(hua)還原液流電(dian)池、鈉硫(liu)電(dian)池、鋰(li)離子電(dian)池)和(he)(he)電(dian)磁儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)三大類,由于經濟性及(ji)應用場景的原因(yin),除(chu)抽(chou)水(shui)(shui)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)外,化(hua)學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是應用最(zui)廣泛,從國(guo)際和(he)(he)國(guo)內市場來看(kan),化(hua)學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)中的鋰(li)離子應用較(jiao)多。
2、PCS變流器系統
儲(chu)(chu)能雙向(xiang)變流(liu)器簡稱PCS,儲(chu)(chu)能變流(liu)器可以實現電(dian)池(chi)與電(dian)網(wang)間的(de)交直(zhi)流(liu)轉換(huan),完成兩者間的(de)雙向(xiang)能量(liang)流(liu)動,并(bing)通過控制(zhi)策略實現對電(dian)池(chi)系統的(de)充放電(dian)管(guan)理、網(wang)測負荷功率跟蹤、電(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)(chu)能系統充放電(dian)功率控制(zhi)和正常及孤島運行方式下網(wang)測電(dian)壓的(de)控制(zhi);具有高(gao)轉換(huan)效率、寬電(dian)壓輸入范圍(wei)、快速并(bing)離(li)網(wang)切換(huan)和方便維護(hu)等特(te)點,同(tong)時具備完善的(de)保護(hu)功能,如孤島保護(hu)、直(zhi)流(liu)過壓保護(hu)和低電(dian)壓穿越(可選)等,滿足系統并(bing)、離(li)網(wang)要求。
3、箱變系統(如有)
如采用(yong)高壓(ya)(6kV、10kV、20kV、35kV等(deng))并網系統(tong),須采用(yong)箱變(bian)完成(cheng)升壓(ya)任務,為盡量(liang)減少兩(liang)支路間(jian)的電(dian)磁干擾及環流影(ying)響,箱變(bian)系統(tong)采用(yong)雙分(fen)裂變(bian)壓(ya)器,其他參數(shu)跟風電(dian)和光(guang)伏無大(da)的差別。
4、站用變電系統(如有)
為變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站內的(de)設備提供交流電(dian)(dian),如照(zhao)明、暖通、檢修、保(bao)護屏、高壓開關(guan)柜(ju)內的(de)儲能(neng)電(dian)(dian)機、開關(guan)儲能(neng)、生活和工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)設施(shi)供電(dian)(dian)等,需要操作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)源的(de)。如與跟風(feng)電(dian)(dian)、光伏(fu)等組成多能(neng)互補的(de)電(dian)(dian)站,可(ke)與風(feng)電(dian)(dian)或光伏(fu)共用一套(tao)站用變(bian)系統。同時根據用電(dian)(dian)負荷,選擇合適的(de)站用變(bian)容量。
5、電纜(一次和二次)
交(jiao)流ZR-YJV22 或ZR-YJV23阻(zu)燃交(jiao)聯聚乙烯(xi)絕緣電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜具有高機(ji)械強度、耐(nai)環境應力(li)好、優良的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣性能和(he)耐(nai)化(hua)學(xue)腐(fu)蝕(shi)等特點,重(zhong)量(liang)輕,結構簡(jian)單,使(shi)用方便(bian)。本產品適用于(yu)交(jiao)流額定電(dian)(dian)壓35kV 及以下的(de)輸配電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路上(shang)。
ZR-RVVP 控制電(dian)(dian)纜低(di)煙(yan)無鹵阻(zu)燃型(xing)電(dian)(dian)纜的特點是電(dian)(dian)纜不僅具(ju)備阻(zu)燃性(xing)能(neng),而且具(ju)有低(di)發煙(yan)性(xing)和無害性(xing)(毒性(xing)和腐蝕性(xing)較小),適用(yong)于對電(dian)(dian)纜阻(zu)燃、煙(yan)密度、毒性(xing)指(zhi)數有特別要求(qiu)的場所(suo)。
6、電池管理系統BMS、能量管理系統EMS
電(dian)池管理系統BMS,主(zhu)要對電(dian)池組(zu)的(de)充放電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)進行管理。充滿電(dian)時(shi)(shi)能保(bao)證各(ge)(ge)單體(ti)(ti)電(dian)池之間的(de)電(dian)壓差異小于設定值,實現電(dian)池組(zu)各(ge)(ge)單體(ti)(ti)電(dian)池的(de)均充,有效(xiao)(xiao)地改善了串聯充電(dian)方式下的(de)充電(dian)效(xiao)(xiao)果。同時(shi)(shi)檢測電(dian)池組(zu)中各(ge)(ge)個(ge)單體(ti)(ti)電(dian)池的(de)過壓、欠壓、過流、短路(lu)、過溫狀態,保(bao)護(hu)并延(yan)長電(dian)池使用(yong)壽命。BMS系統隨鋰離(li)子電(dian)池成(cheng)套提供。
能量管理系統EMS,主(zhu)要是(shi)對電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)實(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)運行(xing)狀態(tai)信(xin)息進行(xing)監控(kong)(kong),包(bao)括系統功率(lv)曲(qu)線、電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)溫度信(xin)息、累計處理電(dian)量信(xin)息及其他約定(ding)的(de)監測信(xin)息。并(bing)且可以在服務(wu)器中(zhong)建立遠程監控(kong)(kong)軟件能夠遠程控(kong)(kong)制及下載數據,能夠實(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)報警(jing),并(bing)傳輸到指定(ding)手機上。
7、監控系統、相關接入系統設備
電池儲能監控系統(tong)基(ji)本功(gong)(gong)能包括(kuo):測(ce)量監視功(gong)(gong)能、數據處理(li)功(gong)(gong)能、分析統(tong)計功(gong)(gong)能、操作(zuo)控制功(gong)(gong)能、事(shi)件告警功(gong)(gong)能、保護管(guan)理(li)功(gong)(gong)能、人機接口功(gong)(gong)能、事(shi)故追憶(yi)及(ji)歷史反演功(gong)(gong)能、歷史數據管(guan)理(li)功(gong)(gong)能、遠動及(ji)轉(zhuan)發功(gong)(gong)能、系統(tong)維(wei)護功(gong)(gong)能。
相關接入(ru)系統(tong)的(de)設備是整(zheng)個(ge)的(de)監控系統(tong)的(de)組成(cheng)部(bu)分,由(you)于各個(ge)地(di)方(fang)電網建設的(de)情況(kuang)不(bu)(bu)一樣,形(xing)成(cheng)了接入(ru)系統(tong)所需的(de)設備不(bu)(bu)盡相同(tong),不(bu)(bu)過根(gen)據國標GB、行標DL等要求,還是可以發現(xian)一些共(gong)同(tong)的(de)設備。
儲能(neng)系統(tong)接入公共連接點的諧波、電(dian)壓波動、閃(shan)變等(deng)電(dian)能(neng)質(zhi)量(liang)指標(biao)需要監測(ce),需要電(dian)能(neng)質(zhi)量(liang)設備進行監測(ce),并反饋到電(dian)網(wang)公司。
儲(chu)能(neng)系(xi)統保(bao)護的(de)配置及整(zheng)定應與電網(wang)側保(bao)護設備相適應,且(qie)與電網(wang)側重合閘策略相配合,需要(yao)安全自動裝置,構成電網(wang)公司(si)的(de)“三道(dao)防火線”。
儲能系統應設置(zhi)電能計(ji)量裝置(zhi),并設在(zai)儲能系統的出線側或公共(gong)連接點處。
儲能系統接入電(dian)網,滿足電(dian)網的調度(du)要求所需的設(she)備,即電(dian)力調度(du)數據網及(ji)二次(ci)安防設(she)備。
由(you)于(yu)接入系統涉及的設備多,不(bu)再一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)敘述。
總結:儲能系統組成根據項目特點而有所不同,如跟光伏或風電相結合,就不需要再單獨設置站用變系統;如采用低壓并網,箱變系統就涉及不到了。接入報告(批復)不同導致整個監控系統設備的變化。