電池儲能系統的結構組成
1、蓄電池系統
目前(qian)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)方式主要分為三類(lei):物理儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(抽水儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、壓縮空氣儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、飛輪儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)等)、化(hua)學儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)(chi)、氧化(hua)還原液(ye)流電(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鈉硫電(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi))和電(dian)磁儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)三大(da)類(lei),由于經濟性(xing)及應用場景的原因,除(chu)抽水儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)外,化(hua)學儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是應用最廣泛,從(cong)國際和國內市場來看(kan),化(hua)學儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)中(zhong)的鋰離子(zi)應用較(jiao)多。
2、PCS變流器系統
儲(chu)能(neng)雙向(xiang)變流(liu)(liu)器簡稱PCS,儲(chu)能(neng)變流(liu)(liu)器可以實現(xian)電(dian)池與電(dian)網間(jian)的(de)(de)交直流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)換,完成(cheng)兩者間(jian)的(de)(de)雙向(xiang)能(neng)量流(liu)(liu)動,并(bing)通(tong)過(guo)控(kong)(kong)制策略實現(xian)對(dui)電(dian)池系統的(de)(de)充放電(dian)管理、網測負荷(he)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)跟蹤、電(dian)池儲(chu)能(neng)系統充放電(dian)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)控(kong)(kong)制和正常及孤(gu)島運行方式下網測電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制;具(ju)有(you)高轉(zhuan)換效率(lv)、寬電(dian)壓(ya)輸(shu)入范圍、快速并(bing)離(li)網切換和方便維護(hu)(hu)等特點,同時具(ju)備完善的(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)功(gong)(gong)能(neng),如孤(gu)島保護(hu)(hu)、直流(liu)(liu)過(guo)壓(ya)保護(hu)(hu)和低電(dian)壓(ya)穿越(可選(xuan))等,滿(man)足(zu)系統并(bing)、離(li)網要(yao)求(qiu)。
3、箱變系統(如有)
如采(cai)用高壓(6kV、10kV、20kV、35kV等)并網(wang)系統(tong),須采(cai)用箱(xiang)變完成升壓任務,為盡量減少兩支路間的(de)(de)電磁干(gan)擾及(ji)環(huan)流影響,箱(xiang)變系統(tong)采(cai)用雙分裂變壓器,其他參數跟風電和光伏無大的(de)(de)差(cha)別。
4、站用變電系統(如有)
為(wei)變(bian)電(dian)站內(nei)的設備提供交流(liu)電(dian),如照明(ming)、暖通、檢修(xiu)、保護屏、高壓開關柜(ju)內(nei)的儲能(neng)電(dian)機、開關儲能(neng)、生活和工作設施供電(dian)等,需要操作電(dian)源的。如與(yu)跟(gen)風電(dian)、光伏等組(zu)成多(duo)能(neng)互(hu)補(bu)的電(dian)站,可(ke)與(yu)風電(dian)或光伏共用一套站用變(bian)系統。同時根(gen)據用電(dian)負(fu)荷,選擇合適的站用變(bian)容量。
5、電纜(一次和二次)
交(jiao)流(liu)ZR-YJV22 或ZR-YJV23阻燃(ran)交(jiao)聯聚乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣電(dian)力電(dian)纜具有(you)高機械強度、耐(nai)環境應力好、優良的電(dian)氣性能和耐(nai)化學腐蝕等特點,重量(liang)輕(qing),結(jie)構簡單,使用(yong)方便(bian)。本產(chan)品適用(yong)于(yu)交(jiao)流(liu)額(e)定電(dian)壓35kV 及以下的輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)線路上。
ZR-RVVP 控制電纜(lan)低(di)煙無鹵(lu)阻燃(ran)型電纜(lan)的特(te)點是電纜(lan)不僅具備阻燃(ran)性能,而(er)且(qie)具有(you)低(di)發煙性和無害性(毒性和腐蝕性較小),適(shi)用于對電纜(lan)阻燃(ran)、煙密度(du)、毒性指數有(you)特(te)別要(yao)求的場所。
6、電池管理系統BMS、能量管理系統EMS
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統BMS,主(zhu)要對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(de)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)進(jin)行管理。充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)能保證各單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之(zhi)間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差(cha)異小(xiao)于設(she)定值,實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)各單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)均(jun)充(chong),有效地改善了串聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式下的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效果。同時(shi)檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)中各個單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)過(guo)壓(ya)、欠(qian)壓(ya)、過(guo)流、短路、過(guo)溫狀態,保護(hu)并延(yan)長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)壽命(ming)。BMS系統隨(sui)鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)成套提(ti)供(gong)。
能(neng)量(liang)管(guan)理系(xi)統EMS,主(zhu)要是對電(dian)(dian)站的(de)實時運行(xing)狀態信息(xi)進行(xing)監(jian)(jian)控(kong),包括系(xi)統功率曲線、電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓溫度信息(xi)、累計處理電(dian)(dian)量(liang)信息(xi)及其他約(yue)定(ding)的(de)監(jian)(jian)測信息(xi)。并(bing)且(qie)可以在服(fu)務器(qi)中(zhong)建立(li)遠程監(jian)(jian)控(kong)軟(ruan)件能(neng)夠遠程控(kong)制及下載(zai)數據(ju),能(neng)夠實時報警(jing),并(bing)傳輸到指定(ding)手機上。
7、監控系統、相關接入系統設備
電池儲能(neng)(neng)監控系(xi)統(tong)基本功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)包括(kuo):測量監視功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、數(shu)據(ju)處理功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、分析統(tong)計功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、操作控制功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、事件(jian)告警功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、保護管理功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、人(ren)機接口功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、事故追憶及(ji)歷史反演功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、歷史數(shu)據(ju)管理功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、遠動(dong)及(ji)轉發功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、系(xi)統(tong)維護功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。
相(xiang)關接(jie)入系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的設(she)備是整個的監(jian)控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的組成(cheng)部分,由于(yu)各個地方電(dian)網建設(she)的情況不一(yi)(yi)樣,形成(cheng)了接(jie)入系(xi)(xi)統(tong)所(suo)需的設(she)備不盡(jin)相(xiang)同,不過(guo)根(gen)據(ju)國(guo)標(biao)GB、行(xing)標(biao)DL等(deng)要求(qiu),還(huan)是可以發現一(yi)(yi)些共同的設(she)備。
儲能系統的作用
1、提高分布式能源的穩定性
儲能系(xi)統應用于微電(dian)網中(zhong),通過能源(yuan)管(guan)理系(xi)統(EMS),將(jiang)分布式能源(yuan)與儲能系(xi)統、主(zhu)電(dian)網協同控制,可(ke)以平穩分布式能源(yuan)的波動,穩定輸(shu)出,并提供分布式能源(yuan)的就地利用率,避免遠距離傳(chuan)輸(shu)給(gei)主(zhu)電(dian)網照成傳(chuan)輸(shu)壓力(li)(li)及電(dian)力(li)(li)損耗。
除(chu)此之(zhi)外,儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統還能(neng)(neng)在夜間(jian),或分布式能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)維修期間(jian),持續為主要負載提供部分電源(yuan),減少停電時間(jian)。
2、改善用戶用電的電能質量
儲(chu)能系統的(de)運(yun)用,能夠對微電(dian)網(wang)電(dian)能質量的(de)提升發揮重(zhong)要的(de)作用,系統通過對儲(chu)能系統中(zhong)PCS控制,在穩定電(dian)能輸出(chu)的(de)同時,調(diao)節儲(chu)能系統向微電(dian)網(wang)輸出(chu)的(de)有(you)功、無功,同時解決電(dian)壓(ya)驟降/跌落問題。
在面對主電(dian)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)壓(ya)驟升、驟降(jiang)等問題(ti)時(shi),儲能系(xi)統(tong)可(ke)以提供(gong)快速功率緩沖,快速吸收/補充電(dian)能,提供(gong)有(you)功,無功功率支撐,穩定電(dian)壓(ya)波動。儲能系(xi)統(tong)也能為(wei)微電(dian)網(wang)(wang)提供(gong)部(bu)分諧波治(zhi)理功能。
3、調峰
儲能系統在微電網中,可以在負荷低谷時候,存儲分布式能源發出的多余電能,在負荷用電高峰時候釋放電能,調節負荷需求。儲能系統作為微網中能量緩沖環節,在微網系統中是必不可少的。儲能系統在滿足峰值負(fu)荷用電的同時,可以(yi)降低發電機組或變壓器(qi)所需(xu)容量。