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儲能系統行業簡介

電池儲能系統的結構組成

1、蓄電池系統

目前儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)方式主要分(fen)為三(san)類：物理儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)（抽(chou)水儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)、壓縮空(kong)氣儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)、飛輪儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)等）、化學(xue)(xue)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)（鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池、氧(yang)化還原液(ye)流電(dian)(dian)池、鈉(na)硫電(dian)(dian)池、鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池）和電(dian)(dian)磁儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)三(san)大類，由于經濟性及(ji)應(ying)用場景的原因，除抽(chou)水儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)外，化學(xue)(xue)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)是應(ying)用最廣泛，從國際和國內市場來(lai)看(kan)，化學(xue)(xue)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)中的鋰(li)離(li)子應(ying)用較多。

2、PCS變流器系統

儲(chu)能雙向變流(liu)(liu)器簡(jian)稱PCS，儲(chu)能變流(liu)(liu)器可以實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)池與電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)間(jian)的(de)交直流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)換，完成兩者間(jian)的(de)雙向能量流(liu)(liu)動，并通過控(kong)制策略實現對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池系統的(de)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)管理、網(wang)測(ce)負荷(he)功率跟蹤(zong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池儲(chu)能系統充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率控(kong)制和正(zheng)常及孤島運行方(fang)式(shi)下(xia)網(wang)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)控(kong)制；具有高(gao)轉(zhuan)換效率、寬電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)輸入范圍、快速并離網(wang)切換和方(fang)便維(wei)護等(deng)(deng)特點(dian)，同(tong)時(shi)具備(bei)完善的(de)保護功能，如(ru)孤島保護、直流(liu)(liu)過壓(ya)保護和低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)穿越（可選）等(deng)(deng)，滿足系統并、離網(wang)要求。

3、箱變系統（如有）

如采用高壓(ya)（6kV、10kV、20kV、35kV等）并網系(xi)統，須采用箱變完成升壓(ya)任(ren)務，為盡(jin)量減少兩支路間的電(dian)磁干擾及(ji)環(huan)流影響，箱變系(xi)統采用雙(shuang)分裂(lie)變壓(ya)器，其他參數跟風(feng)電(dian)和光伏無大的差別。

4、站用變電系統（如有）

為變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)內的(de)設(she)備提(ti)供(gong)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如照(zhao)明、暖(nuan)通、檢修、保護(hu)屏、高壓(ya)開(kai)關柜內的(de)儲能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機、開(kai)關儲能(neng)、生(sheng)活(huo)和(he)工(gong)作設(she)施供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)，需要操作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)。如與跟風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光伏等(deng)組成多能(neng)互補的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，可與風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或光伏共用一套站(zhan)用變(bian)系統。同時(shi)根據用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷，選擇(ze)合(he)適(shi)的(de)站(zhan)用變(bian)容量。

5、電纜（一次和二次）

交(jiao)(jiao)流ZR-YJV22 或ZR-YJV23阻燃交(jiao)(jiao)聯聚乙烯絕緣電力電纜具有高機(ji)械強度、耐環(huan)境(jing)應(ying)力好、優良的電氣性(xing)能和(he)耐化學(xue)腐蝕等特點，重量輕，結構簡單(dan)，使用(yong)方便。本產品適用(yong)于(yu)交(jiao)(jiao)流額(e)定電壓35kV 及以下的輸配電線路上。

ZR-RVVP 控制電纜低(di)煙(yan)無鹵阻燃(ran)型電纜的特(te)點(dian)是電纜不僅具備阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)能，而且(qie)具有低(di)發煙(yan)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)無害性(xing)(xing)（毒性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)腐(fu)蝕性(xing)(xing)較小），適用于對電纜阻燃(ran)、煙(yan)密度(du)、毒性(xing)(xing)指數有特(te)別要求的場所。

6、電池管理系統BMS、能量管理系統EMS

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池管(guan)理(li)系(xi)統BMS，主(zhu)要對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組的充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護進行管(guan)理(li)。充滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時能保(bao)證各(ge)單體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池之間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓差異小于設定值，實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組各(ge)單體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的均(jun)充，有效地改(gai)善了串聯充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式下(xia)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效果。同時檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組中各(ge)個單體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的過(guo)壓、欠壓、過(guo)流、短(duan)路、過(guo)溫(wen)狀態，保(bao)護并延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用壽(shou)命。BMS系(xi)統隨鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池成(cheng)套提供。

能(neng)量管理系(xi)統(tong)EMS，主要是對電(dian)站的(de)實時(shi)運行(xing)(xing)狀態信(xin)(xin)息(xi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)監(jian)(jian)控，包括系(xi)統(tong)功率曲線、電(dian)池電(dian)壓溫(wen)度信(xin)(xin)息(xi)、累計處理電(dian)量信(xin)(xin)息(xi)及其他約定(ding)的(de)監(jian)(jian)測信(xin)(xin)息(xi)。并且可(ke)以(yi)在服務器(qi)中建立(li)遠程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)控軟(ruan)件(jian)能(neng)夠遠程(cheng)控制及下(xia)載數據，能(neng)夠實時(shi)報警，并傳輸(shu)到指定(ding)手機上。

7、監控系統、相關接入系統設備

電池儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)監控系統(tong)基本功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包括：測量監視功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、數據(ju)處理功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、分(fen)析統(tong)計功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、操作控制功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、事件(jian)告警功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、保(bao)護(hu)管(guan)(guan)理功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、人機接口功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、事故追憶及(ji)歷史反演功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、歷史數據(ju)管(guan)(guan)理功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、遠動及(ji)轉發功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、系統(tong)維護(hu)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。

相關接入系(xi)(xi)統的設(she)備(bei)(bei)是整個的監控系(xi)(xi)統的組成(cheng)部分(fen)，由(you)于各(ge)個地方(fang)電(dian)網(wang)建設(she)的情(qing)況不(bu)一(yi)樣，形成(cheng)了接入系(xi)(xi)統所需(xu)的設(she)備(bei)(bei)不(bu)盡相同，不(bu)過根據國標(biao)GB、行標(biao)DL等要求，還是可以發現一(yi)些(xie)共同的設(she)備(bei)(bei)。

儲能系統的作用

1、提高分布式能源的穩定性

儲(chu)能(neng)系(xi)統應用于微電網中(zhong)，通過能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理系(xi)統（EMS），將分布式能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)與儲(chu)能(neng)系(xi)統、主(zhu)電網協(xie)同控制，可以平穩分布式能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)波(bo)動，穩定輸出，并提供分布式能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)就地利用率(lv)，避(bi)免遠(yuan)距離(li)傳輸給主(zhu)電網照成(cheng)傳輸壓力(li)(li)及電力(li)(li)損耗。

除此(ci)之外，儲能(neng)系統(tong)還能(neng)在夜間(jian)(jian)(jian)，或分布式能(neng)源(yuan)維修期間(jian)(jian)(jian)，持續為主要(yao)負(fu)載提供部分電(dian)源(yuan)，減少停(ting)電(dian)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)。

2、改善用戶用電的電能質量

儲能系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)運(yun)用(yong)，能夠對(dui)微(wei)電(dian)網(wang)電(dian)能質量(liang)的(de)提升(sheng)發揮重要(yao)的(de)作用(yong)，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)通過對(dui)儲能系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中PCS控制，在穩定電(dian)能輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)同時(shi)，調節(jie)儲能系(xi)統(tong)(tong)向微(wei)電(dian)網(wang)輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)有功(gong)、無(wu)功(gong)，同時(shi)解決電(dian)壓驟降/跌落問題。

在面對主電網(wang)電壓(ya)驟升、驟降等(deng)問題時，儲(chu)能(neng)系統可以提供快(kuai)速(su)功(gong)率緩沖(chong)，快(kuai)速(su)吸收(shou)/補充電能(neng)，提供有功(gong)，無功(gong)功(gong)率支撐，穩(wen)定電壓(ya)波動(dong)。儲(chu)能(neng)系統也能(neng)為微電網(wang)提供部分諧(xie)波治理功(gong)能(neng)。

3、調峰

儲能系統在微電網中，可以在負荷低谷時候，存儲分布式能源發出的多余電能，在負荷用電高峰時候釋放電能，調節負荷需求。儲能系統作為微網中能量緩沖環節，在微網系統中是必不可少的。儲能(neng)系(xi)統在滿(man)足峰值負(fu)荷用電的同時，可以降(jiang)低發電機組或變壓(ya)器所需容(rong)量。