船舶有哪些種類
船(chuan)舶分類方法很多,可(ke)按用途、航行狀態、船(chuan)體數目、推(tui)進動力、推(tui)進器等分類。
按用途,船舶一般分為軍用和民用船舶兩大類。按船(chuan)舶的(de)航行狀(zhuang)態通常可分為(wei)排水型船(chuan)舶、滑行艇、水翼艇和氣墊船(chuan)。按船(chuan)舶的船(chuan)體(ti)數目可(ke)分為(wei)單體(ti)船(chuan)和多體(ti)船(chuan),在多體(ti)船(chuan)型中雙體(ti)船(chuan)較為(wei)多見。按推進動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)可分為機動(dong)(dong)(dong)船(chuan)(chuan)和非機動(dong)(dong)(dong)船(chuan)(chuan) ,機動(dong)(dong)(dong)船(chuan)(chuan)按推進主機的類型(xing)又分為蒸(zheng)汽機船(chuan)(chuan)(現已淘(tao)汰)、汽輪機船(chuan)(chuan)、柴(chai)油機船(chuan)(chuan)、燃氣(qi)輪機船(chuan)(chuan)、聯合(he)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)裝置船(chuan)(chuan)、電力(li)推進船(chuan)(chuan)、核動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)船(chuan)(chuan)等。
按船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)推進器又可分(fen)為螺旋(xuan)槳船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、噴水推進船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、噴氣(qi)推進船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、明輪(lun)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、平(ping)旋(xuan)輪(lun)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等 ,空氣(qi)螺旋(xuan)槳只(zhi)用于少數氣(qi)墊(dian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan);按機艙的位(wei)置,有尾機型船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(機艙在船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的尾部(bu)),中(zhong)機型船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)和中(zhong)尾機型船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan);按船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體結構材料(liao),有鋼(gang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、鋁(lv)合金船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、木船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、鋼(gang)絲網水泥船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、玻璃鋼(gang)艇、橡皮艇、混合結構船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等。
船舶的結構
船(chuan)舶是由許多部(bu)分構成的,按(an)各(ge)部(bu)分的作用和用途,可綜合歸納為船(chuan)體、船(chuan)舶動(dong)力裝置、船(chuan)舶電氣(qi)等三(san)大部(bu)分。
現在市場上造船船舶工業品牌很多,且中國(guo)船舶工業已能建造符(fu)合各(ge)大船級社的國(guo)際標(biao)準,在(zai)全(quan)球海域航行的各(ge)類(lei)船舶。
船舶的排水量是什么意思
船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)的排水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)是指(zhi)船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)在一定狀態下的總重(zhong)量(liang),通(tong)常以噸為(wei)單位(wei)。船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)滿(man)載時(shi)的總重(zhong)量(liang)稱(cheng)為(wei)滿(man)載排水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang),或重(zhong)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang),船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)不(bu)裝載貨物(wu)時(shi)船(chuan)體(ti)和機艙等部分的總重(zhong)量(liang)稱(cheng)為(wei)空船(chuan)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang),或輕排水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang),如未(wei)指(zhi)明時(shi),船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)的排水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)多(duo)指(zhi)滿(man)載排水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)。排水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)是表(biao)示船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)噸位(wei)的眾多(duo)指(zhi)標之一,縮寫(xie)作DT(Displacement Tonnage),與(yu)凈噸位(wei)(NT)、總噸位(wei)(GT)或載重(zhong)噸位(wei)(DWT)等是不(bu)同的概念(nian)。