船舶是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)主(zhu)要在地理水(shui)中運行的(de)(de)人造(zao)交通工具。另外,民用(yong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)一般(ban)稱(cheng)為船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),軍用(yong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)稱(cheng)為艦(jian),小(xiao)型船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)稱(cheng)為艇或舟,其(qi)總稱(cheng)為艦(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)或船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)艇。內部(bu)(bu)主(zhu)要包括(kuo)容納(na)空間、支撐結(jie)構和(he)排水(shui)結(jie)構,具有利用(yong)外在或自(zi)帶能源(yuan)的(de)(de)推進系統。外型一般(ban)是(shi)(shi)利于(yu)克服流體(ti)阻(zu)力(li)的(de)(de)流線性包絡,材(cai)料(liao)隨著科(ke)技進步不斷更(geng)新,早期(qi)為木、竹、麻(ma)等(deng)自(zi)然材(cai)料(liao),近代多是(shi)(shi)鋼材(cai)以及鋁、玻璃(li)纖維、亞克力(li)和(he)各(ge)種(zhong)復(fu)合材(cai)料(liao)。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)是(shi)(shi)由(you)許多部(bu)(bu)分(fen)構成的(de)(de),按(an)各(ge)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)的(de)(de)作用(yong)和(he)用(yong)途(tu),可綜合歸納(na)為船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)、船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)動力(li)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)、船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)電(dian)氣等(deng)三大(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)是(shi)(shi)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)的(de)(de)基本部(bu)(bu)分(fen),可分(fen)為主(zhu)體(ti)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)和(he)上層建筑部(bu)(bu)分(fen)。主(zhu)體(ti)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)一般(ban)指上甲(jia)板以下(xia)的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分(fen),它是(shi)(shi)由(you)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)殼(船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)底及船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)側)和(he)上甲(jia)板圍(wei)成的(de)(de)具有特定形狀的(de)(de)空心體(ti),是(shi)(shi)保證船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)具有所需浮力(li)、航海性能和(he)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)強(qiang)度的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵部(bu)(bu)分(fen)。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)一般(ban)用(yong)于(yu)布置(zhi)(zhi)動力(li)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)、裝(zhuang)載貨(huo)物、儲(chu)存燃油(you)和(he)淡水(shui),以及布置(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)他(ta)各(ge)種(zhong)艙室(shi)。