船舶是(shi)一(yi)種主要在地理(li)水中運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)人造交通工具(ju)。另外(wai),民用(yong)(yong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)一(yi)般(ban)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),軍(jun)用(yong)(yong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)艦(jian)(jian),小型(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)艇或舟,其總稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)艦(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)或船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)艇。內部(bu)(bu)(bu)主要包(bao)括容納(na)(na)空間(jian)、支撐結(jie)構和(he)排水結(jie)構,具(ju)有(you)利用(yong)(yong)外(wai)在或自帶能源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)推進系(xi)統。外(wai)型(xing)一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)利于(yu)克(ke)(ke)服流體(ti)阻力的(de)(de)(de)流線性包(bao)絡(luo),材料(liao)隨著科(ke)技進步不斷更(geng)新,早期為(wei)(wei)木、竹、麻等(deng)(deng)自然材料(liao),近(jin)代多(duo)是(shi)鋼材以(yi)及鋁、玻璃纖維、亞克(ke)(ke)力和(he)各種復合材料(liao)。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)是(shi)由許(xu)多(duo)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)構成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de),按各部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)和(he)用(yong)(yong)途,可綜合歸(gui)納(na)(na)為(wei)(wei)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)、船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)動(dong)力裝置(zhi)、船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)電(dian)氣等(deng)(deng)三大部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)是(shi)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)的(de)(de)(de)基本部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen),可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)主體(ti)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)和(he)上(shang)層建筑部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)。主體(ti)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)一(yi)般(ban)指上(shang)甲(jia)板以(yi)下的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen),它是(shi)由船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)殼(船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)底及船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)側(ce))和(he)上(shang)甲(jia)板圍成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)具(ju)有(you)特定形狀的(de)(de)(de)空心體(ti),是(shi)保(bao)證船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)具(ju)有(you)所需(xu)浮力、航海性能和(he)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)強度(du)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)一(yi)般(ban)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)布(bu)置(zhi)動(dong)力裝置(zhi)、裝載貨物、儲存燃油和(he)淡水,以(yi)及布(bu)置(zhi)其他各種艙室。