船舶是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)在地(di)理水中運行(xing)的(de)(de)人(ren)造交(jiao)通(tong)工具(ju)。另外(wai)，民用(yong)(yong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)一(yi)般稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，軍用(yong)(yong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)艦，小型船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)艇(ting)或(huo)舟，其總稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)艦船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)或(huo)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)艇(ting)。內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包括容納空(kong)間、支(zhi)撐(cheng)結構和(he)(he)(he)(he)排水結構，具(ju)有(you)(you)利用(yong)(yong)外(wai)在或(huo)自帶能源的(de)(de)推進系統。外(wai)型一(yi)般是(shi)(shi)利于(yu)(yu)克服流體(ti)(ti)(ti)阻力(li)(li)的(de)(de)流線(xian)性(xing)包絡，材(cai)料隨著科技進步不斷更新，早期為(wei)木、竹、麻等自然材(cai)料，近代(dai)多(duo)是(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)材(cai)以(yi)(yi)及鋁、玻(bo)璃纖維(wei)、亞克力(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)各種復合(he)材(cai)料。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)是(shi)(shi)由(you)許多(duo)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)構成(cheng)的(de)(de)，按各部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)用(yong)(yong)途，可綜合(he)歸納為(wei)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)動力(li)(li)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)、船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)電氣(qi)等三大部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)是(shi)(shi)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)基本部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，可分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)和(he)(he)(he)(he)上層(ceng)建筑(zhu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)一(yi)般指上甲板以(yi)(yi)下的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，它(ta)是(shi)(shi)由(you)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)殼(船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)底及船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)側(ce))和(he)(he)(he)(he)上甲板圍(wei)成(cheng)的(de)(de)具(ju)有(you)(you)特(te)定形狀的(de)(de)空(kong)心體(ti)(ti)(ti)，是(shi)(shi)保(bao)證船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)具(ju)有(you)(you)所需浮力(li)(li)、航海(hai)性(xing)能和(he)(he)(he)(he)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)強度的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)布置(zhi)動力(li)(li)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)、裝(zhuang)(zhuang)載貨物、儲(chu)存燃油和(he)(he)(he)(he)淡水，以(yi)(yi)及布置(zhi)其他各種艙室。