一、充注制冷劑的方法有哪些

制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑是空(kong)調等機器設備、制(zhi)(zhi)冷裝(zhuang)備進行制(zhi)(zhi)冷操作的媒介物質，如果(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑泄露(lu)或不(bu)足了，制(zhi)(zhi)冷效果(guo)就(jiu)會大(da)打折扣，這(zhe)時候就(jiu)需要給(gei)裝(zhuang)置重新充(chong)(chong)注制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑，那(nei)么制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑怎么充(chong)(chong)注呢(ni)？常(chang)見的方法有以下四種(zhong)：

1、定量充注法

利用(yong)專用(yong)的制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)定(ding)量充注(zhu)(zhu)器(qi)，按要(yao)求(qiu)的制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)型號及注(zhu)(zhu)入量來充注(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，將制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)定(ding)量充注(zhu)(zhu)器(qi)與(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)循環系統(tong)連(lian)接好，打開相應的閥門，讓制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)鋼(gang)瓶中(zhong)的制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)流(liu)入量筒中(zhong)；對制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)循環系統(tong)抽真空后，打開定(ding)重充注(zhu)(zhu)器(qi)閥門，量筒中(zhong)的制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)便進(jin)入系統(tong)中(zhong)。

2、稱重充注法

將制(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)鋼(gang)瓶(ping)(ping)傾斜倒放在(zai)小臺秤(cheng)(cheng)的(de)托盤上，通(tong)過干燥過濾器(qi)、加液管與三(san)通(tong)閥相連，連接(jie)前先用制(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)頂(ding)出(chu)(chu)連接(jie)管內(nei)的(de)空氣，等(deng)稱出(chu)(chu)制(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)鋼(gang)瓶(ping)(ping)的(de)重量后(hou)(hou)，再(zai)減去制(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)的(de)充(chong)注量，調好秤(cheng)(cheng)砣的(de)位置(zhi)，然后(hou)(hou)打開(kai)三(san)通(tong)閥和制(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)鋼(gang)瓶(ping)(ping)的(de)閥門，使制(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)緩(huan)緩(huan)流入制(zhi)冷(leng)循環(huan)系統即可。當(dang)小臺秤(cheng)(cheng)的(de)秤(cheng)(cheng)桿(gan)上移平(ping)衡時，立即關閉(bi)三(san)通(tong)閥。

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3、表壓充注法

通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)控制(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)循環系統的低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)吸(xi)氣壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)來決定充(chong)(chong)注量，將(jiang)正置(zhi)的制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)鋼瓶通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)干(gan)燥過(guo)濾器、接(jie)管與三通(tong)(tong)(tong)閥相接(jie)，打(da)開(kai)三通(tong)(tong)(tong)閥后(hou)，制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)氣體即可(ke)利用真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)進入制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)循環系統內(nei)；當三通(tong)(tong)(tong)閥上真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)表(biao)(biao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)值升(sheng)至(zhi)0.45MPa(空(kong)(kong)調(diao)器應升(sheng)至(zhi)0.5-0.6MPa)時(shi)，關(guan)閉三通(tong)(tong)(tong)閥，通(tong)(tong)(tong)電讓壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機運(yun)轉，當真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)表(biao)(biao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)降為(wei)(wei)零(ling)時(shi)，再打(da)開(kai)三通(tong)(tong)(tong)閥，調(diao)整壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)為(wei)(wei)0.02-0.05MPa，再讓壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機運(yun)轉一段(duan)時(shi)間，直(zhi)到(dao)吸(xi)氣壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)穩定不(bu)變，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)表(biao)(biao)的壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)值達到(dao)1.6-2.0MPa時(shi)，可(ke)停止充(chong)(chong)注制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)。

4、經驗充注法

充(chong)注(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)使真空(kong)表壓(ya)(ya)力為(wei)0.2-0.25MPa（空(kong)調(diao)為(wei)0.3-0.4MPa）左右時(shi)，關閉三通(tong)閥，通(tong)電(dian)使壓(ya)(ya)縮機運行30min，觀察(cha)制(zhi)冷(leng)系(xi)統的工作情況。若蒸發(fa)器已(yi)結滿(man)霜、冷(leng)凝器發(fa)熱、低壓(ya)(ya)吸氣管發(fa)涼，則說明制(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)充(chong)注(zhu)(zhu)量合適。經驗法(fa)可(ke)配(pei)合表壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)和稱(cheng)重法(fa)使用(yong)。

二、制冷劑的充注要注意哪些事項

制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)劑是(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)系統的核心媒介，制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)劑充注是(shi)否正(zheng)確，關系到制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)系統的正(zheng)常運轉(zhuan)，因此要(yao)(yao)采用正(zheng)確的制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)劑充注方法，還要(yao)(yao)注意一些事項。制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)劑充注注意事項有：

1、制冷劑的量要合適

制冷(leng)(leng)劑充注不(bu)足，會使蒸發器蒸發量(liang)不(bu)足，導致壓(ya)縮(suo)機吸(xi)氣(qi)壓(ya)力過低(di)，冷(leng)(leng)量(liang)減少并(bing)可(ke)能使壓(ya)縮(suo)機過熱；充注過量(liang)又會使進(jin)入(ru)冷(leng)(leng)凝器的制冷(leng)(leng)劑太多，導致排氣(qi)壓(ya)力過高(gao)，液態制冷(leng)(leng)劑回流，甚至(zhi)可(ke)能損壞壓(ya)縮(suo)機。

2、注意制冷劑的形態

制(zhi)冷劑有氣態和液態兩種，不同種類的制(zhi)冷劑充(chong)(chong)(chong)注方法(fa)也有所(suo)差異，一(yi)般來(lai)說(shuo)，只需少(shao)量制(zhi)冷劑充(chong)(chong)(chong)入系統時(shi)，通常使用氣態充(chong)(chong)(chong)注法(fa)，精度更高；需要充(chong)(chong)(chong)注大量制(zhi)冷劑則(ze)多采(cai)用液體充(chong)(chong)(chong)注法(fa)，速(su)度更快。

3、充注過量如何放出制冷劑

充注制冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)時，有時需(xu)要(yao)先將(jiang)里(li)面的(de)制冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)放出(chu)來；充注過(guo)量時也需(xu)要(yao)放出(chu)多余的(de)制冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)，如(ru)果系統含制冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)充注量超(chao)過(guo)3-5kg，是有回收(shou)價值的(de)，可(ke)以(yi)用專門的(de)回收(shou)裝(zhuang)置回收(shou)；不(bu)然(ran)的(de)話，讓制冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)以(yi)蒸氣狀排至大氣中即(ji)可(ke)。