一、電容器是什么元件

電容器是儲(chu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢能(neng)）的元件(jian)。一(yi)個(ge)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體被(bei)另(ling)(ling)一(yi)個(ge)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體所包圍，或者(zhe)由(you)一(yi)個(ge)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體發出(chu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場線全部(bu)終(zhong)止在另(ling)(ling)一(yi)個(ge)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體的導(dao)(dao)(dao)體系(xi)，稱(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的兩個(ge)極板(ban)之間(jian)加上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器就會儲(chu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量在數值上等于(yu)一(yi)個(ge)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極板(ban)上的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量與兩個(ge)極板(ban)之間(jian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓之比。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量的基本單位(wei)是法拉（F）。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)圖(tu)中通(tong)常(chang)用字母C表(biao)示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元件(jian)。

電(dian)(dian)容器是電(dian)(dian)子設備中大量使用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)子元件(jian)之一(yi)，所(suo)以被廣泛(fan)應用(yong)于(yu)隔直、耦(ou)合、旁路、濾波、調諧回(hui)路、能(neng)量轉換或儲能(neng)、控制電(dian)(dian)路等方面。隨著新材料，新技術的出現，大容量的電(dian)(dian)容可能(neng)會(hui)代(dai)替可充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池，而(er)廣泛(fan)應用(yong)于(yu)各個領域。

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二、電容器的種類有哪些

根據分析統計，電容器主要(yao)分為(wei)以下10類：

1、按照結(jie)構分(fen)三大類：固定電容(rong)器(qi)、可(ke)變電容(rong)器(qi)和微調電容(rong)器(qi)。

2、按電(dian)介質分類：有機(ji)介質電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、無(wu)機(ji)介質電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)解電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)熱(re)電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)和空氣介質電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)等。

3、按(an)用途分有：高頻(pin)(pin)旁路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、低頻(pin)(pin)旁路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、調諧(xie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、高頻(pin)(pin)耦合電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、低頻(pin)(pin)耦合電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、小型電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。

4、按制造材料(liao)的不同可(ke)以(yi)分為：瓷(ci)介電(dian)(dian)容(rong)、滌綸電(dian)(dian)容(rong)、電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)、鉭(tan)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)，還有先進(jin)的聚丙烯(xi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)等等。

5、高頻旁路：陶瓷電容(rong)器(qi)、云(yun)母電容(rong)器(qi)、玻(bo)璃膜(mo)電容(rong)器(qi)、滌綸電容(rong)器(qi)、玻(bo)璃釉電容(rong)器(qi)。

6、低頻旁(pang)路：紙介電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、陶(tao)瓷電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、鋁電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、滌綸電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)。

7、濾波：鋁電解電容器(qi)、紙(zhi)介電容器(qi)、復合(he)紙(zhi)介電容器(qi)、液體鉭電容器(qi)。

8、調諧：陶瓷電容器、云(yun)母電容器、玻璃(li)膜電容器、聚苯(ben)乙(yi)烯電容器。

9、低(di)耦(ou)合：紙介電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、陶瓷電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、鋁電(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、滌綸電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、固體鉭電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)。

10、小型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)：金屬化紙(zhi)介電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器、陶(tao)瓷電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器、鋁電(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器、聚苯乙烯(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器、固體鉭電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器、玻璃釉電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器、金屬化滌綸電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器、聚丙烯(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器、云母電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器。