一、電容器是什么元件

電容器是(shi)儲(chu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢能(neng)）的(de)(de)元件(jian)。一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)被另一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)所包(bao)圍，或者由一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)發出(chu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場線全部終止在(zai)另一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)系，稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的(de)(de)兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)極(ji)板之間(jian)加上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)就會儲(chu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)在(zai)數值(zhi)上等于(yu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)板上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量(liang)與兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)極(ji)板之間(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓之比(bi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)的(de)(de)基本單位是(shi)法(fa)拉（F）。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路圖中通常用字(zi)母C表(biao)示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容元件(jian)。

電容(rong)(rong)器是電子設備中大量(liang)使用(yong)(yong)的電子元(yuan)件之一，所以被廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于隔直、耦合、旁路(lu)(lu)、濾波、調諧回(hui)路(lu)(lu)、能量(liang)轉換或儲能、控制電路(lu)(lu)等方(fang)面。隨著新材(cai)料，新技術的出現，大容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的電容(rong)(rong)可能會代替可充電電池，而廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于各個領域。

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二、電容器的種類有哪些

根據分析統計，電容器主(zhu)要分為以下10類：

1、按照結構分三(san)大(da)類(lei)：固(gu)定電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、可變電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)和(he)微(wei)調電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)。

2、按電(dian)(dian)介質分類(lei)：有機介質電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器、無機介質電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器、電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器、電(dian)(dian)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器和空氣介質電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器等(deng)。

3、按用途分(fen)有：高頻(pin)(pin)旁路電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、低頻(pin)(pin)旁路電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、濾波電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、調諧電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、高頻(pin)(pin)耦合電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、低頻(pin)(pin)耦合電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、小型(xing)電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)。

4、按制(zhi)造材(cai)料的不同(tong)可以分為：瓷介電(dian)(dian)容(rong)、滌綸(lun)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)、電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)、鉭電(dian)(dian)容(rong)，還有先(xian)進的聚丙烯電(dian)(dian)容(rong)等等。

5、高(gao)頻旁路：陶瓷電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、云母電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、玻璃膜(mo)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、滌(di)綸電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、玻璃釉電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)。

6、低頻旁路(lu)：紙介電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器、陶瓷電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器、鋁電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器、滌綸(lun)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器。

7、濾波：鋁電解電容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、紙介電容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、復合(he)紙介電容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、液體鉭電容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。

8、調(diao)諧：陶瓷電(dian)容器、云母電(dian)容器、玻璃膜電(dian)容器、聚苯乙(yi)烯電(dian)容器。

9、低耦合：紙介電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、陶瓷電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、鋁電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、滌綸電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、固(gu)體鉭電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)。

10、小型電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)：金(jin)屬化紙介電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、陶瓷電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、鋁電(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、聚苯乙烯(xi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、固(gu)體鉭電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、玻璃(li)釉電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、金(jin)屬化滌(di)綸(lun)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、聚丙烯(xi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、云母電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。