一、電容器是什么元件

電容器是儲存(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢能(neng)）的(de)(de)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)。一(yi)個(ge)導體被(bei)另(ling)一(yi)個(ge)導體所(suo)包圍，或(huo)者由一(yi)個(ge)導體發出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場線全部終止在(zai)另(ling)一(yi)個(ge)導體的(de)(de)導體系，稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器的(de)(de)兩個(ge)極(ji)(ji)板之間加上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器就會儲存(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量在(zai)數值上(shang)等(deng)于一(yi)個(ge)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)板上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量與兩個(ge)極(ji)(ji)板之間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓之比。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量的(de)(de)基本單位是法拉（F）。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路圖中通常用字(zi)母(mu)C表(biao)示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)。

電容(rong)器是電子設備中大量(liang)使用的電子元件之一(yi)，所以(yi)被廣(guang)(guang)泛應(ying)用于隔直、耦(ou)合、旁路、濾波、調諧回路、能量(liang)轉(zhuan)換(huan)或儲能、控制電路等方面(mian)。隨著新材料，新技(ji)術的出(chu)現，大容(rong)量(liang)的電容(rong)可能會代替可充電電池，而廣(guang)(guang)泛應(ying)用于各個領域。

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二、電容器的種類有哪些

根據分析統計，電容器主要分為以下10類：

1、按照結(jie)構分三大類：固定電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、可變電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)和微(wei)調電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)。

2、按電(dian)(dian)介質(zhi)分類(lei)：有機介質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)容器、無機介質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)容器、電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容器、電(dian)(dian)熱電(dian)(dian)容器和空氣介質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)容器等。

3、按用(yong)途分有：高頻(pin)(pin)旁路電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、低頻(pin)(pin)旁路電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、濾波電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、調諧電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、高頻(pin)(pin)耦合電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、低頻(pin)(pin)耦合電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、小型電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)。

4、按制造材料的不同(tong)可以分(fen)為：瓷介電(dian)容(rong)、滌綸電(dian)容(rong)、電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)、鉭電(dian)容(rong)，還有先進的聚(ju)丙烯(xi)電(dian)容(rong)等等。

5、高頻旁路：陶(tao)瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、云(yun)母電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、玻(bo)璃膜電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、滌綸電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、玻(bo)璃釉電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)。

6、低頻旁路：紙介電容器(qi)、陶瓷電容器(qi)、鋁(lv)電解電容器(qi)、滌(di)綸電容器(qi)。

7、濾(lv)波(bo)：鋁電解電容器、紙介電容器、復合紙介電容器、液體鉭電容器。

8、調諧：陶瓷電(dian)容器、云母電(dian)容器、玻璃膜(mo)電(dian)容器、聚苯(ben)乙烯電(dian)容器。

9、低耦合：紙介電容(rong)器(qi)、陶瓷電容(rong)器(qi)、鋁電解(jie)電容(rong)器(qi)、滌綸電容(rong)器(qi)、固體鉭電容(rong)器(qi)。

10、小(xiao)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)：金(jin)屬(shu)化(hua)紙(zhi)介電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器、陶瓷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器、鋁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器、聚苯乙(yi)烯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器、固體鉭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器、玻璃釉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器、金(jin)屬(shu)化(hua)滌綸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器、聚丙烯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器、云母電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器。