一、電容器是什么元件

電容器是(shi)儲(chu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)能（電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢能）的(de)(de)元件。一個(ge)導(dao)體被(bei)另一個(ge)導(dao)體所包圍，或者由(you)一個(ge)導(dao)體發出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場線全(quan)部(bu)終止在(zai)另一個(ge)導(dao)體的(de)(de)導(dao)體系，稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)兩個(ge)極板之間(jian)加(jia)上電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)就會儲(chu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷。電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)在(zai)數值上等于一個(ge)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極板上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量(liang)與(yu)兩個(ge)極板之間(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓之比。電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)單位是(shi)法拉（F）。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路圖中通常(chang)用(yong)字母C表示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)元件。

電(dian)(dian)容器是電(dian)(dian)子設備中大量(liang)(liang)使用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)子元件之(zhi)一，所(suo)以被(bei)廣泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong)于隔(ge)直、耦合、旁路、濾波、調諧回(hui)路、能量(liang)(liang)轉換或儲能、控制電(dian)(dian)路等方面。隨(sui)著新材料，新技術的出現(xian)，大容量(liang)(liang)的電(dian)(dian)容可能會代替可充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池，而廣泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong)于各個領域。

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二、電容器的種類有哪些

根據分析統計，電容器主要分(fen)為以下10類：

1、按照結構(gou)分三大類：固定電(dian)(dian)容器、可變(bian)電(dian)(dian)容器和微調電(dian)(dian)容器。

2、按電介質分(fen)類：有機介質電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、無機介質電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、電解電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、電熱(re)電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)和空氣介質電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)等。

3、按用途分有：高(gao)頻旁(pang)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、低頻旁(pang)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、濾波電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、調諧電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、高(gao)頻耦合電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、低頻耦合電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、小型電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。

4、按(an)制造材料的不同(tong)可以分為：瓷介(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)、滌綸電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)、電(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)、鉭電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)，還有先(xian)進的聚丙烯(xi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)等(deng)等(deng)。

5、高(gao)頻旁路：陶瓷電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、云母電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、玻璃膜電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、滌綸電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、玻璃釉電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)。

6、低(di)頻旁(pang)路：紙介電(dian)容器(qi)、陶(tao)瓷電(dian)容器(qi)、鋁電(dian)解(jie)電(dian)容器(qi)、滌綸電(dian)容器(qi)。

7、濾波：鋁電(dian)解(jie)電(dian)容器(qi)、紙介電(dian)容器(qi)、復(fu)合(he)紙介電(dian)容器(qi)、液體鉭電(dian)容器(qi)。

8、調諧：陶瓷電容器(qi)(qi)、云(yun)母(mu)電容器(qi)(qi)、玻璃膜電容器(qi)(qi)、聚苯乙烯電容器(qi)(qi)。

9、低耦合(he)：紙介電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器、陶瓷電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器、鋁電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器、滌綸(lun)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器、固體(ti)鉭電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器。

10、小(xiao)型電(dian)(dian)容：金(jin)屬化(hua)(hua)紙(zhi)介(jie)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、陶瓷電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、鋁電(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、聚苯乙烯(xi)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、固體鉭電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、玻(bo)璃釉電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、金(jin)屬化(hua)(hua)滌(di)綸電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、聚丙烯(xi)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、云母電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)。