一、電容器是什么元件

電容器是(shi)儲(chu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢能）的元(yuan)件(jian)。一個導(dao)體被(bei)另一個導(dao)體所包圍，或(huo)者由一個導(dao)體發(fa)出的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)線全部終(zhong)止在另一個導(dao)體的導(dao)體系，稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的兩(liang)個極(ji)板之間加上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)就會儲(chu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)在數值上等于(yu)一個導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)板上的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)量(liang)與兩(liang)個極(ji)板之間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)之比(bi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的基本(ben)單位是(shi)法拉（F）。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路圖(tu)中通常用(yong)字母C表(biao)示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元(yuan)件(jian)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子設備中大(da)量(liang)(liang)使用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)件(jian)之一，所以(yi)被廣泛應(ying)用(yong)于隔直、耦(ou)合、旁(pang)路(lu)、濾波、調諧回路(lu)、能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)轉換或(huo)儲能(neng)(neng)、控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)等方面。隨著(zhu)新(xin)材料，新(xin)技術的(de)出現(xian)，大(da)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)可能(neng)(neng)會代替可充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，而廣泛應(ying)用(yong)于各個領域。

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二、電容器的種類有哪些

根據分析統計，電容器主要分為以下10類：

1、按照結構分三(san)大類：固(gu)定(ding)電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、可變(bian)電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)和微調電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)。

2、按電(dian)(dian)介(jie)質分類：有機(ji)介(jie)質電(dian)(dian)容器、無機(ji)介(jie)質電(dian)(dian)容器、電(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)容器、電(dian)(dian)熱電(dian)(dian)容器和空氣介(jie)質電(dian)(dian)容器等。

3、按用(yong)途分(fen)有：高頻(pin)(pin)旁(pang)路電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)、低頻(pin)(pin)旁(pang)路電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)、濾波(bo)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)、調諧電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)、高頻(pin)(pin)耦合(he)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)、低頻(pin)(pin)耦合(he)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)、小型(xing)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)。

4、按制造材(cai)料的(de)不同(tong)可以分為：瓷介(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)、滌綸(lun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)、鉭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)，還有先進(jin)的(de)聚丙烯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)等等。

5、高頻旁路：陶瓷電容器、云母電容器、玻璃膜電容器、滌綸電容器、玻璃釉(you)電容器。

6、低頻旁路：紙介電(dian)容器(qi)、陶瓷(ci)電(dian)容器(qi)、鋁(lv)電(dian)解電(dian)容器(qi)、滌(di)綸電(dian)容器(qi)。

7、濾(lv)波：鋁電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、紙介電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、復合紙介電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、液體鉭電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)。

8、調諧：陶瓷電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、云母電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、玻璃膜(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、聚苯乙(yi)烯電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)。

9、低耦(ou)合：紙介電容器(qi)(qi)、陶瓷電容器(qi)(qi)、鋁電解電容器(qi)(qi)、滌綸電容器(qi)(qi)、固體鉭(tan)電容器(qi)(qi)。

10、小型電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)：金屬(shu)化紙(zhi)介電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、陶(tao)瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、聚(ju)苯乙烯電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、固體(ti)鉭電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、玻璃釉(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、金屬(shu)化滌綸電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、聚(ju)丙(bing)烯電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、云母電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)。