一、電容器是什么元件

電容器是儲存(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量和電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢能(neng)）的元件(jian)。一個(ge)導體被另(ling)一個(ge)導體所包圍，或者由一個(ge)導體發出的電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)線(xian)全部終(zhong)止在另(ling)一個(ge)導體的導體系，稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的兩個(ge)極板(ban)之間加(jia)上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)就會(hui)儲存(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量在數值上(shang)等于一個(ge)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)極板(ban)上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)量與(yu)兩個(ge)極板(ban)之間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)之比。電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量的基本單位是法拉(la)（F）。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)路圖中(zhong)通(tong)常用字母(mu)C表示電(dian)(dian)(dian)容元件(jian)。

電(dian)容(rong)器是電(dian)子設備中大量使用的(de)電(dian)子元件之一，所(suo)以(yi)被廣泛(fan)應用于隔直、耦合(he)、旁路(lu)、濾波、調諧(xie)回路(lu)、能量轉換(huan)或儲能、控制電(dian)路(lu)等方面(mian)。隨著新材(cai)料，新技術的(de)出現(xian)，大容(rong)量的(de)電(dian)容(rong)可(ke)能會代替可(ke)充電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)，而(er)廣泛(fan)應用于各個(ge)領域。

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二、電容器的種類有哪些

根據分析統計，電容器主要分為以下10類：

1、按(an)照結構分三大類：固定電(dian)容器(qi)、可(ke)變電(dian)容器(qi)和微調電(dian)容器(qi)。

2、按電(dian)介(jie)質(zhi)分類：有機介(jie)質(zhi)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、無機介(jie)質(zhi)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、電(dian)熱電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)和空(kong)氣介(jie)質(zhi)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)等。

3、按(an)用途分(fen)有：高頻(pin)(pin)旁路電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、低(di)頻(pin)(pin)旁路電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、調(diao)諧電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、高頻(pin)(pin)耦(ou)合(he)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、低(di)頻(pin)(pin)耦(ou)合(he)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、小型(xing)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)。

4、按制(zhi)造材料的不(bu)同可以分(fen)為(wei)：瓷介電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)、滌綸電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)、電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)、鉭電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)，還有先進(jin)的聚丙(bing)烯(xi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)等等。

5、高頻旁路：陶(tao)瓷電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、云母電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、玻(bo)璃(li)膜電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、滌綸電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、玻(bo)璃(li)釉(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)。

6、低頻(pin)旁路：紙(zhi)介電(dian)容器(qi)、陶瓷(ci)電(dian)容器(qi)、鋁電(dian)解電(dian)容器(qi)、滌(di)綸(lun)電(dian)容器(qi)。

7、濾波(bo)：鋁電解電容(rong)器、紙(zhi)介電容(rong)器、復(fu)合紙(zhi)介電容(rong)器、液體(ti)鉭電容(rong)器。

8、調諧：陶瓷電(dian)容器、云(yun)母電(dian)容器、玻璃膜電(dian)容器、聚苯乙烯電(dian)容器。

9、低耦合(he)：紙介(jie)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、陶瓷電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、鋁電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、滌綸電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、固體鉭電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。

10、小型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)：金(jin)屬(shu)化紙介電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、陶瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、聚苯乙烯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、固體鉭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、玻璃釉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、金(jin)屬(shu)化滌綸(lun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、聚丙烯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、云母(mu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)。