一、共同犯罪的認定
1、必須是(shi)兩個或者兩個以上達到(dao)法定(ding)刑(xing)事責任(ren)年齡、具(ju)有刑(xing)事責任(ren)能力的人;
2、主觀(guan)上(shang)必須有共同的犯罪故意;
3、在客觀上必須有共同的犯罪行為;
4、共(gong)同犯(fan)罪行為侵(qin)犯(fan)的是(shi)同一客體。
法律依據:
《刑法》第二十五條,共同犯罪是指二人以上共同故意犯罪。二人以上共同過失犯罪,不以共同犯(fan)罪論處;應當負(fu)刑事責任的,按照(zhao)他(ta)們所犯(fan)的罪分別(bie)處罰。
二、共同犯罪有哪些分類
1、一般共(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)與特殊(shu)共(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan) 一般共(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)是(shi)指(zhi)沒(mei)有(you)特殊(shu)組(zu)織形(xing)式的(de)共(gong)同(tong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui),共(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)人是(shi)為實施某種犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)而臨時結合(he)(he),一旦犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)完(wan)成,這種結合(he)(he)便不復(fu)存在。特殊(shu)共(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)亦稱(cheng)有(you)組(zu)織的(de)共(gong)同(tong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)、集團(tuan)性(xing)共(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan),通稱(cheng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)集團(tuan)。
2、簡(jian)單共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)與復雜共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan) 簡(jian)單共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)亦(yi)稱(cheng)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)正犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)、共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),是指二人(ren)以上共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)直接(jie)實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)某一具(ju)體(ti)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)的(de)構成要件(jian)的(de)行(xing)(xing)為,共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)人(ren)都是實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),不存在(zai)(zai)組(zu)(zu)織犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)、幫助(zhu)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)、教唆犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)問題。 而復雜共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)是指各(ge)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)人(ren)之間存在(zai)(zai)著犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)分(fen)工的(de)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui),不僅(jin)存在(zai)(zai)直接(jie)著手實(shi)(shi)施共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)行(xing)(xing)為的(de)實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),還(huan)有組(zu)(zu)織犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)或(huo)教唆犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)或(huo)幫助(zhu)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)的(de)分(fen)工。
3、任意共(gong)犯(fan)與必(bi)要共(gong)犯(fan) 前(qian)者是(shi)指刑法分則規定(ding)的(de)本(ben)可以(yi)(yi)由一人實施的(de)犯(fan)罪行為;后者是(shi)指刑法分則規定(ding)的(de)只能以(yi)(yi)二(er)人以(yi)(yi)上的(de)共(gong)同行為作為犯(fan)罪構成要件(jian)的(de)犯(fan)罪,即該種(zhong)犯(fan)罪的(de)主(zhu)體必(bi)須是(shi)兩人以(yi)(yi)上,主(zhu)要是(shi)包括聚眾性犯(fan)罪、集團性犯(fan)罪。
4、事先(xian)/事前(qian)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)與事中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan) 前(qian)者(zhe)是(shi)指事前(qian)有(you)同(tong)謀的(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan),即(ji)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)人(ren)的(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)故(gu)意,在著手實行犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)前(qian)形(xing)成。后者(zhe)即(ji)指事前(qian)無同(tong)謀的(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan),共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)人(ren)的(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)故(gu)意,是(shi)在實行著手之(zhi)際或犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)過程中(zhong)形(xing)成的(de)。
法律依據:
《刑法》第(di)二(er)十六(liu)條,組(zu)織、領導犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)進(jin)行犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)活動的(de)或(huo)者在共同犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)中起主(zhu)要作用的(de),是主(zhu)犯(fan)。三人以(yi)上為共同實施(shi)犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)而(er)組(zu)成的(de)較為固(gu)定的(de)犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)組(zu)織,是犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)。對(dui)組(zu)織、領導犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)的(de)首(shou)要分(fen)子,按(an)照(zhao)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)所犯(fan)的(de)全部罪(zui)(zui)(zui)行處(chu)罰。 對(dui)于(yu)第(di)三款規定以(yi)外的(de)主(zhu)犯(fan),應當按(an)照(zhao)其所參與的(de)或(huo)者組(zu)織、指揮的(de)全部犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)處(chu)罰。
三、如何認定共同犯罪行為
1、組織、領導犯罪集團(tuan)進(jin)行犯罪活動的(de),或者在共同犯罪中起主要作用的(de),是主犯。
2、在共同犯罪中起次(ci)要作用或者輔助(zhu)作用的,是從犯。
3、起(qi)主(zhu)要作(zuo)用,是(shi)(shi)指在共同犯罪中直接(jie)實施犯罪行(xing)為,而且其行(xing)為是(shi)(shi)犯罪結果發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要原(yuan)因(yin),或是(shi)(shi)事(shi)前拉攏、勾結他人,提(ti)起(qi)犯意,出(chu)謀(mou)劃策的(de)(de)教唆犯。
4、應當(dang)根據各被告人在(zai)共同犯罪(zui)中所(suo)(suo)處的地位(wei)和所(suo)(suo)起的作用,區(qu)分主、從犯。若他們(men)的地位(wei)和作用一致或相(xiang)當(dang),則均認定為(wei)主犯。
5、在(zai)共同(tong)犯(fan)罪(zui)中,數名被告人互相推(tui)卸罪(zui)責,其它證據又不(bu)能確定他(ta)們之間地位和作(zuo)用大小的,應認定他(ta)們在(zai)共同(tong)犯(fan)罪(zui)中起同(tong)等(deng)作(zuo)用,不(bu)分主、從(cong)犯(fan)。
6、同案人(ren)在逃(tao),從(cong)現有證據證實已抓獲的(de)被(bei)告(gao)人(ren)確實在整個犯罪過程中起次(ci)要或輔助(zhu)作(zuo)用(如看風、轉移贓物等)的(de),應認定為從(cong)犯。
7、刑法分則對主犯另設處罰規定的,應依照刑法分則條文處罰。不(bu)應重復刑法總(zong)則關于主犯的規定。