一、共同犯罪的認定
1、必須是兩個或者兩個以上(shang)達到法(fa)定刑事(shi)責(ze)任年齡、具有刑事(shi)責(ze)任能力的人;
2、主(zhu)觀上必須有(you)共(gong)同的(de)犯罪故意(yi);
3、在客觀上必(bi)須有(you)共(gong)同(tong)的犯罪(zui)行為;
4、共同犯罪行為侵犯的是同一客(ke)體(ti)。
法律依據:
《刑法》第二十五條,共同犯罪是指二人以上共同故意犯罪。二人以上共同過失犯罪,不以共同犯罪論(lun)處(chu);應(ying)當負(fu)刑事(shi)責任(ren)的,按照他們所犯的罪分別處(chu)罰。
二、共同犯罪有哪些分類
1、一(yi)(yi)般(ban)共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)與特殊共(gong)(gong)犯(fan) 一(yi)(yi)般(ban)共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)是指沒有(you)特殊組織形式的共(gong)(gong)同犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui),共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)人是為實施某(mou)種犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)而(er)臨時結(jie)合(he),一(yi)(yi)旦犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)完成,這種結(jie)合(he)便不復存在。特殊共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)亦稱有(you)組織的共(gong)(gong)同犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)、集團(tuan)性共(gong)(gong)犯(fan),通稱犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)集團(tuan)。
2、簡單共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)與復雜共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan) 簡單共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)亦(yi)稱共(gong)(gong)同(tong)正犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)、共(gong)(gong)同(tong)實(shi)行犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),是(shi)指(zhi)二人(ren)以(yi)上共(gong)(gong)同(tong)直接實(shi)行某一具體犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪的(de)(de)構(gou)成要件(jian)的(de)(de)行為,共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)人(ren)都是(shi)實(shi)行犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),不存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)組(zu)織犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)、幫助犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)、教唆犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)問題。 而復雜共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)是(shi)指(zhi)各共(gong)(gong)同(tong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪人(ren)之間(jian)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)著犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪分(fen)工的(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪,不僅存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)直接著手實(shi)施共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)行為的(de)(de)實(shi)行犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),還有組(zu)織犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)或(huo)教唆犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)或(huo)幫助犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)分(fen)工。
3、任(ren)意共(gong)犯(fan)與必(bi)要(yao)共(gong)犯(fan) 前者是(shi)指(zhi)刑(xing)法分則(ze)規定的(de)(de)(de)本可以由一(yi)人(ren)實施的(de)(de)(de)犯(fan)罪(zui)行為;后(hou)者是(shi)指(zhi)刑(xing)法分則(ze)規定的(de)(de)(de)只能以二人(ren)以上的(de)(de)(de)共(gong)同行為作為犯(fan)罪(zui)構成要(yao)件的(de)(de)(de)犯(fan)罪(zui),即該種(zhong)犯(fan)罪(zui)的(de)(de)(de)主體必(bi)須是(shi)兩人(ren)以上,主要(yao)是(shi)包(bao)括聚眾性犯(fan)罪(zui)、集團性犯(fan)罪(zui)。
4、事(shi)(shi)先/事(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)與事(shi)(shi)中共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan) 前(qian)(qian)(qian)者(zhe)是(shi)指(zhi)事(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)同(tong)謀(mou)的(de)共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan),即共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)人的(de)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)故意,在著(zhu)手(shou)實(shi)行(xing)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)前(qian)(qian)(qian)形成。后者(zhe)即指(zhi)事(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)無同(tong)謀(mou)的(de)共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan),共(gong)(gong)同(tong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)人的(de)共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)故意,是(shi)在實(shi)行(xing)著(zhu)手(shou)之(zhi)際或犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)過程(cheng)中形成的(de)。
法律依據:
《刑(xing)法》第二十六條,組織(zhi)(zhi)、領(ling)導(dao)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)進(jin)行犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)或者(zhe)在共同犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)中起主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)作用的(de)(de)(de)(de),是主(zhu)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。三(san)人以上為(wei)共同實施犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)而(er)組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)較為(wei)固定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)組織(zhi)(zhi),是犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)。對組織(zhi)(zhi)、領(ling)導(dao)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)首要(yao)(yao)分子,按照集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)所犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)部(bu)罪(zui)(zui)行處罰。 對于第三(san)款(kuan)規定(ding)以外的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),應當按照其所參(can)與的(de)(de)(de)(de)或者(zhe)組織(zhi)(zhi)、指揮的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)部(bu)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)處罰。
三、如何認定共同犯罪行為
1、組(zu)織、領導犯(fan)罪(zui)集團進行犯(fan)罪(zui)活動的,或者在共同犯(fan)罪(zui)中起(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)作用的,是(shi)主(zhu)犯(fan)。
2、在共(gong)同犯罪中起次(ci)要(yao)作用或者輔助作用的,是從犯。
3、起(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)作用(yong),是指在共同犯(fan)罪(zui)中直接實施(shi)犯(fan)罪(zui)行(xing)為,而且其行(xing)為是犯(fan)罪(zui)結果(guo)發生的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原(yuan)因,或是事前拉攏(long)、勾(gou)結他人,提起(qi)犯(fan)意,出謀劃策的(de)教唆(suo)犯(fan)。
4、應(ying)當根據(ju)各被告人在共同犯罪中所(suo)處的地位(wei)和所(suo)起的作用(yong),區分(fen)主、從犯。若他們(men)的地位(wei)和作用(yong)一致(zhi)或(huo)相當,則均認定為主犯。
5、在共同(tong)犯罪(zui)中,數(shu)名被告人互(hu)相推卸罪(zui)責,其它證據(ju)又不能確(que)定他們之(zhi)間地位和(he)作用大小(xiao)的,應認定他們在共同(tong)犯罪(zui)中起同(tong)等作用,不分(fen)主、從犯。
6、同案人在(zai)逃,從(cong)現有(you)證(zheng)據證(zheng)實(shi)已抓獲(huo)的被告人確實(shi)在(zai)整個犯罪過程(cheng)中起次要(yao)或輔助(zhu)作用(yong)(如看風、轉移(yi)贓物等)的,應認(ren)定為從(cong)犯。
7、刑法分則對主犯另設處罰規定的,應依照刑法分則(ze)(ze)條文處罰。不應重(zhong)復刑法總則(ze)(ze)關于主犯(fan)的規定(ding)。