一、工業互聯網的應用模式有哪些
工業互聯網融合應用推動(dong)了一(yi)批(pi)新模式、新業態孕育(yu)興起,提質、增效、降(jiang)本、綠色(se)、安全發展(zhan)成效顯(xian)著,初步形(xing)成了平臺化(hua)設計、智(zhi)能化(hua)制造、網絡化(hua)協(xie)同(tong)、個(ge)性化(hua)定制、服(fu)務(wu)化(hua)延伸、數字(zi)化(hua)管理六大類典(dian)型應用模式。
1、平臺化設計:是依托(tuo)工業互聯網平(ping)臺(tai),匯聚人(ren)員、算法、模型、任(ren)務等設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)資(zi)源(yuan),實現高水(shui)平(ping)高效(xiao)率(lv)的輕量化設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)、并(bing)行設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)、敏捷設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)、交互設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)和基于模型的設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji),變革傳統設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)方式(shi),提升研(yan)發質量和效(xiao)率(lv)。
2、智能化制造:是互(hu)聯網、大數(shu)據、人(ren)工智能等新(xin)一代信息(xi)技術在(zai)制造(zao)業(ye)領域加速(su)創新(xin)應用,實現材料、設備、產品(pin)等生產要(yao)素與用戶之間的(de)(de)在(zai)線(xian)連接和(he)實時(shi)交(jiao)互(hu),逐步實現機器代替人(ren)生產,智能化代表制造(zao)業(ye)未來(lai)發(fa)展的(de)(de)趨(qu)勢。
3、網絡化協同:是通(tong)過跨部(bu)門(men)、跨層級(ji)、跨企(qi)業的(de)數據互(hu)通(tong)和業務互(hu)聯,推動供(gong)應鏈上的(de)企(qi)業和合作伙伴共(gong)享客戶、訂單、設計(ji)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、經營等各(ge)類信息資源(yuan),實現網絡(luo)化的(de)協同設計(ji)、協同生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、協同服務,進而促進資源(yuan)共(gong)享、能力交易(yi)以及業務優化配置。
4、個性化定制:是面(mian)向消費者個(ge)性(xing)化需求,通過客戶(hu)需求準(zhun)確獲取(qu)和分(fen)析、敏捷產(chan)品(pin)開發(fa)設計、柔性(xing)智能生產(chan)、精準(zhun)交(jiao)付服(fu)(fu)務(wu)等,實(shi)現用(yong)戶(hu)在產(chan)品(pin)全生命周期中的(de)深(shen)度參與,是以低成(cheng)本、高(gao)質量(liang)和高(gao)效率的(de)大批量(liang)生產(chan)實(shi)現產(chan)品(pin)個(ge)性(xing)化設計、生產(chan)、銷售(shou)及服(fu)(fu)務(wu)的(de)一(yi)種制(zhi)造服(fu)(fu)務(wu)模式。
5、服務化延伸:是制(zhi)造與服務融合發展的(de)新型產(chan)(chan)業(ye)形態,指的(de)是企(qi)業(ye)從(cong)原有(you)制(zhi)造業(ye)務向(xiang)價值(zhi)鏈兩端(duan)高附加值(zhi)環節延伸,從(cong)以(yi)加工組裝為主(zhu)向(xiang)“制(zhi)造+服務”轉型,從(cong)單純出(chu)售(shou)產(chan)(chan)品向(xiang)出(chu)售(shou)“產(chan)(chan)品+服務”轉變,具體包括設備健(jian)康管理、產(chan)(chan)品遠程(cheng)運(yun)維、設備融資租賃(lin)、分享制(zhi)造、互聯網(wang)金融等。
6、數字化管理:是企業(ye)通(tong)過打(da)通(tong)核心數(shu)據(ju)鏈(lian),貫通(tong)生產(chan)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)全場景、全過程,基于數(shu)據(ju)的(de)廣(guang)泛匯聚、集成(cheng)優化(hua)和價值挖掘,優化(hua)、創(chuang)新(xin)乃至(zhi)重塑企業(ye)戰略決策、產(chan)品研發(fa)、生產(chan)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)、經營管(guan)理、市場服(fu)務等(deng)業(ye)務活動,構建(jian)數(shu)據(ju)驅動的(de)高效運營管(guan)理新(xin)模(mo)式。
二、工業互聯網的應用領域有哪些
工業(ye)互(hu)聯網目(mu)前已延(yan)伸(shen)至40個(ge)國(guo)民經濟大類(lei),涉(she)及原(yuan)材料、裝備(bei)、消費品、電子等制造業(ye)各大領域,以及采礦(kuang)、電力、建筑等實(shi)體經濟重(zhong)點產業(ye),實(shi)現(xian)更大范圍、更高水平、更深(shen)程度發展,形成了千姿百態的融(rong)合應用(yong)實(shi)踐(jian)。
1、鋼鐵行業:是國(guo)民經濟支柱產業(ye)(ye),制造(zao)(zao)流程(cheng)長(chang)、工(gong)序多(duo)(duo),生(sheng)產分(fen)段(duan)連續,主要面(mian)(mian)臨生(sheng)產運營增(zeng)效難、產能(neng)嚴重過(guo)(guo)剩(sheng)、節能(neng)綠色低(di)(di)碳壓力大、本質安全水平(ping)較(jiao)低(di)(di)等痛點。中國(guo)寶(bao)武(wu)、鞍山鋼鐵、馬鋼集(ji)團等企業(ye)(ye)應用(yong)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)互(hu)聯網積極(ji)探(tan)索生(sheng)產工(gong)藝優(you)化、多(duo)(duo)工(gong)序協(xie)同優(you)化、多(duo)(duo)基地協(xie)同、產融(rong)結(jie)合(he)等典(dian)型應用(yong)場景,一方面(mian)(mian)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)數據(ju)深度(du)分(fen)析帶動生(sheng)產效率、質量和(he)效益提升,另(ling)一方面(mian)(mian)實(shi)現(xian)多(duo)(duo)區域、多(duo)(duo)環節、多(duo)(duo)業(ye)(ye)務系統的(de)協(xie)同響應與綜合(he)決策,通(tong)過(guo)(guo)模式創新實(shi)現(xian)新價值創造(zao)(zao)和(he)新動能(neng)培育。
2、工程機械行業:作(zuo)為國民經濟的重(zhong)要行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye),為建筑、制(zhi)造(zao)、采礦(kuang)等行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)供生產必需的機械裝備(bei)和基礎(chu)(chu)工(gong)(gong)具,具有產品復雜(za)多樣、生產過程(cheng)離散、供應(ying)鏈復雜(za)的特(te)征,同(tong)時(shi)也面臨著生產效率(lv)不高、產品運維能力較弱和行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)同(tong)質化(hua)競爭嚴重(zhong)等行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)痛點(dian)。三一重(zhong)工(gong)(gong)、徐工(gong)(gong)集團和中聯(lian)(lian)重(zhong)科等工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)機械龍(long)頭企業(ye)(ye)(ye)積(ji)極應(ying)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)互聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)加快(kuai)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)數字化(hua)步伐。通(tong)過工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)互聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)進行(xing)設備(bei)預測性(xing)維護、遠程(cheng)可(ke)視化(hua)管理(li),不僅降低了設備(bei)運維成本,提(ti)高了生產資(zi)源的動態配置效率(lv),還在此基礎(chu)(chu)上延(yan)伸出供應(ying)鏈金融、融資(zi)租賃等服務模(mo)式,實現(xian)“制(zhi)造(zao)+服務”,帶來新(xin)的增長(chang)空間(jian)。
3、家電行業:具有(you)技術更新速度(du)(du)(du)快(kuai)、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)研發周期(qi)短、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)同質化(hua)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)高等(deng)特點(dian),當(dang)前主要面臨(lin)個(ge)性化(hua)需求(qiu)(qiu)滿足困難、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)效(xiao)率要求(qiu)(qiu)高、訂單交付周期(qi)長、質量管(guan)控力度(du)(du)(du)不足、庫存(cun)周轉(zhuan)壓(ya)力等(deng)核心需求(qiu)(qiu)痛點(dian)。格(ge)力、海爾、美的、TCL等(deng)輕工家電企業依托工業互聯網開展規(gui)模(mo)化(hua)定制、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)設計(ji)優化(hua)、質量管(guan)理、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)監(jian)控分(fen)析及設備管(guan)理等(deng)應用探索,提升用戶(hu)交互體驗、品(pin)質一次合格(ge)率與生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)效(xiao)率,節省(sheng)設備運維成本,滿足客(ke)戶(hu)個(ge)性化(hua)需求(qiu)(qiu)。
4、電子信息行業:屬于(yu)知識、技術密集型產業,產品(pin)(pin)(pin)細分(fen)種(zhong)類多(duo)、生產周期短、迭代速(su)度快,對品(pin)(pin)(pin)質管(guan)(guan)控(kong)、標準化操(cao)作與規范(fan)化管(guan)(guan)理(li)、市場敏捷(jie)化響應等(deng)(deng)(deng)要求較高。中(zhong)國電子(zi)、華為、中(zhong)興(xing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)通過(guo)工業互聯網(wang)開展設(she)備(bei)可視(shi)化管(guan)(guan)理(li)、產品(pin)(pin)(pin)良(liang)率提升、庫存管(guan)(guan)理(li)優(you)(you)化、全流程調(diao)度優(you)(you)化和多(duo)工廠(chang)協同等(deng)(deng)(deng)典型應用探索,一(yi)方面通過(guo)機器視(shi)覺、大數據分(fen)析等(deng)(deng)(deng)新技術提升質量管(guan)(guan)理(li)、設(she)備(bei)故障診斷、產品(pin)(pin)(pin)庫存管(guan)(guan)理(li)等(deng)(deng)(deng)環節效率,另一(yi)方面通過(guo)建(jian)設(she)互聯工廠(chang)實現企業級(ji)決策優(you)(you)化和需求敏捷(jie)響應。
5、采礦行業:是采(cai)掘(jue)、開(kai)發自然(ran)界能(neng)源(yuan)或將自然(ran)資(zi)源(yuan)加工(gong)(gong)轉(zhuan)換為燃料、動(dong)力的工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye),當前(qian)主要(yao)面臨資(zi)源(yuan)緊缺、安全(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)與環保(bao)壓力大、設(she)備實時(shi)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)、精細化管(guan)理要(yao)求高(gao)等痛點。山(shan)西潞安新元煤礦、陜(shan)煤集團小(xiao)保(bao)當煤礦、山(shan)東黃金三山(shan)島金礦、內(nei)蒙古白云鄂(e)博稀(xi)土礦等采(cai)礦企業(ye)(ye)利用“5G+工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)互聯(lian)網”,開(kai)展智能(neng)采(cai)掘(jue)與生(sheng)產控制、環境(jing)監(jian)(jian)測與安全(quan)(quan)防護(hu)、井下巡檢等,把人(ren)從危險繁重的工(gong)(gong)作環境(jing)中解放出來,促進了采(cai)礦行業(ye)(ye)綠色、安全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產。
6、電力行業:利用(yong)“5G+工業(ye)互(hu)聯(lian)網”與(yu)發(fa)(fa)、輸(shu)、變(bian)、配、用(yong)全環節融合(he),形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)新型(xing)控(kong)制監(jian)測(ce)網絡,優(you)(you)化流程(cheng)工藝,大幅減少碳排放,降(jiang)低了(le)清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源并網的不確定性(xing),同時(shi)提(ti)升電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)和微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網等(deng)主(zhu)(zhu)體的接入能(neng)(neng)(neng)力,降(jiang)低了(le)上(shang)下游企業(ye)和用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)客(ke)戶的成(cheng)本(ben)。中(zhong)國(guo)華能(neng)(neng)(neng)、南方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網、國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網、正泰集(ji)團(tuan)、特(te)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工等(deng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)側、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網側和用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)側企業(ye)及(ji)機構紛(fen)紛(fen)開展探索(suo),形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)側設備預警與(yu)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)增(zeng)效、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網側調度優(you)(you)化與(yu)全流程(cheng)集(ji)成(cheng)管控(kong)、用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)側服務提(ti)質與(yu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)策(ce)略(lve)優(you)(you)化等(deng)典型(xing)應用(yong)模式,分別實(shi)現設備故障提(ti)前預測(ce)和主(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)維(wei)修、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量數據可測(ce)和用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)降(jiang)低。
7、建筑行業:具有項目建設周期長、資金投入大、項目關聯方管理復雜、人員流動性強等特點,未來將走向以工業互聯網、BIM等技(ji)術綜(zong)合(he)應(ying)用支撐下(xia)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠色化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。中建(jian)(jian)科(ke)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、廣聯達、三一筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)、北京建(jian)(jian)誼等企(qi)業(ye)利用工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)互(hu)(hu)聯網,探(tan)索(suo)數(shu)字化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)協同設計與集(ji)成交(jiao)付、虛實(shi)融合(he)的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)協同管理、裝(zhuang)配式(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑智(zhi)能(neng)制(zhi)造等應(ying)用,實(shi)現建(jian)(jian)設項目全(quan)(quan)過(guo)程的虛擬執行和(he)優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)調(diao)整,大幅提升(sheng)設計效率、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量、成本進度控(kong)制(zhi)和(he)安全(quan)(quan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)水平(ping)。另一方面,面向(xiang)建(jian)(jian)筑本身(shen)能(neng)耗優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、安全(quan)(quan)應(ying)急和(he)訪問控(kong)制(zhi)等需(xu)求(qiu),部分領先建(jian)(jian)筑企(qi)業(ye)通(tong)過(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)互(hu)(hu)聯網開(kai)展能(neng)耗管理、資產監測運(yun)維、虛擬演練等應(ying)用探(tan)索(suo),實(shi)現智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)安全(quan)(quan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)運(yun)行。