一、行程開關工作原理是什么

行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)開(kai)關(guan)是主(zhu)令電器里的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種，其動作原理和按鈕沒有什么差別，主(zhu)要區別是：它不是用(yong)手進行(xing)(xing)(xing)按壓操作而是用(yong)機械設備的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些運動部(bu)件與它的(de)(de)(de)傳動部(bu)位發生碰撞，來促使行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)開(kai)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)觸(chu)頭動作的(de)(de)(de)（常(chang)開(kai)觸(chu)點(dian)閉合(he)，常(chang)閉觸(chu)點(dian)斷開(kai)），能夠達(da)到分斷或者切(qie)換電路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。

行程開(kai)關(guan)工作時，利用內(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)元件碰撞，達到開(kai)啟(qi)電路或關(guan)閉電路的(de)(de)功(gong)能。正常情況下(xia)，行程開(kai)關(guan)一旦開(kai)啟(qi)，便會(hui)給機械(xie)運動(dong)(dong)添加上一個(ge)運動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)軌跡(ji)，只要機械(xie)達到設定(ding)的(de)(de)位置，便會(hui)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)停(ting)止運轉，或是改變運動(dong)(dong)狀態，從而(er)達到開(kai)關(guan)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。

二、不同結構的行程開關原理

行程開關按結構分主要可分為三(san)種(zhong)，三(san)種(zhong)行程開關的原理有所不同(tong)：

1、直動式行程開關結構原理

直動(dong)(dong)式行程開(kai)關由推桿、彈簧(huang)、動(dong)(dong)斷觸(chu)點(dian)和(he)動(dong)(dong)合觸(chu)點(dian)組成(cheng)，工(gong)作時，由運動(dong)(dong)部件的撞塊碰(peng)撞，當(dang)外界運動(dong)(dong)部件上的撞塊碰(peng)壓按鈕使其觸(chu)頭動(dong)(dong)作，當(dang)運動(dong)(dong)部件離開(kai)后，在彈簧(huang)作用下(xia)，其觸(chu)頭自動(dong)(dong)復位。

2、滾輪式行程開關結構原理

滾動(dong)(dong)(dong)式(shi)行(xing)程開關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)結構比較復雜，由(you)滾輪、上(shang)(shang)轉臂、彈(dan)簧、套(tao)架、滑輪、壓板(ban)、觸(chu)點和(he)橫(heng)板(ban)組成；工作時，當(dang)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)機械的(de)(de)擋(dang)鐵(tie)（撞塊）壓到行(xing)程開關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)滾輪上(shang)(shang)時，傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)杠連(lian)同(tong)轉軸一同(tong)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)，使凸(tu)輪推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)撞塊，當(dang)撞塊碰(peng)(peng)壓到一定位(wei)置時，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)微動(dong)(dong)(dong)開關(guan)(guan)快速動(dong)(dong)(dong)作。當(dang)滾輪上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)擋(dang)鐵(tie)移開后(hou)，復位(wei)彈(dan)簧就使行(xing)程開關(guan)(guan)復位(wei)。這種(zhong)是單輪自動(dong)(dong)(dong)恢復式(shi)行(xing)程開關(guan)(guan)。而雙輪旋轉式(shi)行(xing)程開關(guan)(guan)不能自動(dong)(dong)(dong)復原(yuan)，它是依靠運動(dong)(dong)(dong)機械反向移動(dong)(dong)(dong)時，擋(dang)鐵(tie)碰(peng)(peng)撞另一滾輪將其復原(yuan)。

3、微動式行程開關結構原理

由推(tui)(tui)桿(gan)、彈(dan)簧(huang)(huang)、壓縮彈(dan)簧(huang)(huang)、動(dong)斷(duan)觸點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、動(dong)合觸點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)組(zu)成，當推(tui)(tui)桿(gan)被壓下時(shi)，弓簧(huang)(huang)片(pian)(pian)發生變形，儲存能(neng)量(liang)并(bing)(bing)產(chan)生位移(yi)，當達到預定的(de)(de)臨界點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，彈(dan)簧(huang)(huang)片(pian)(pian)連同(tong)動(dong)觸點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)生瞬時(shi)跳(tiao)躍，從而(er)導致電路的(de)(de)接通、分斷(duan)或轉換。同(tong)樣，減(jian)小操(cao)作力時(shi)，彈(dan)簧(huang)(huang)片(pian)(pian)釋放能(neng)量(liang)并(bing)(bing)產(chan)生反向(xiang)位移(yi)，當通過(guo)另一臨界點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，彈(dan)簧(huang)(huang)片(pian)(pian)向(xiang)相反方(fang)向(xiang)跳(tiao)躍。采用瞬動(dong)機構可以使開關觸點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)接觸速度不受推(tui)(tui)桿(gan)壓下速度的(de)(de)影(ying)響，這樣不僅可以減(jian)輕電弧對(dui)觸點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)燒蝕，而(er)且(qie)也能(neng)提高觸點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)作的(de)(de)準確性。