一、行程開關工作原理是什么
行(xing)程(cheng)開關(guan)是(shi)主令電(dian)器里的(de)(de)一種,其動作(zuo)原理和按鈕沒有什(shen)么差別(bie),主要(yao)區別(bie)是(shi):它不(bu)是(shi)用手進(jin)行(xing)按壓操作(zuo)而是(shi)用機(ji)械設備的(de)(de)一些(xie)運動部件(jian)與它的(de)(de)傳動部位(wei)發生(sheng)碰撞,來促(cu)使行(xing)程(cheng)開關(guan)的(de)(de)觸頭(tou)動作(zuo)的(de)(de)(常開觸點閉(bi)合,常閉(bi)觸點斷(duan)開),能(neng)夠(gou)達到(dao)分斷(duan)或者(zhe)切換電(dian)路的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。
行程(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)關工作時,利用內部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)元件碰撞,達(da)到(dao)開(kai)啟電路或關閉(bi)電路的(de)(de)(de)功能。正常情況下,行程(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)關一旦開(kai)啟,便會(hui)給機械(xie)運(yun)動(dong)添加上一個運(yun)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)軌跡(ji),只要機械(xie)達(da)到(dao)設定的(de)(de)(de)位置,便會(hui)自動(dong)停止運(yun)轉,或是改變運(yun)動(dong)狀態(tai),從而達(da)到(dao)開(kai)關的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。
二、不同結構的行程開關原理
行程(cheng)開關(guan)按結構分(fen)主要(yao)可分(fen)為三(san)種,三(san)種行程(cheng)開關(guan)的原理有(you)所(suo)不(bu)同:
1、直動式行程開關結構原理
直動(dong)(dong)式行程開關由推桿、彈簧、動(dong)(dong)斷觸點和動(dong)(dong)合觸點組成,工(gong)作(zuo)時,由運動(dong)(dong)部(bu)件(jian)的撞塊碰撞,當外界(jie)運動(dong)(dong)部(bu)件(jian)上(shang)的撞塊碰壓按鈕使(shi)其觸頭(tou)動(dong)(dong)作(zuo),當運動(dong)(dong)部(bu)件(jian)離開后,在彈簧作(zuo)用(yong)下,其觸頭(tou)自動(dong)(dong)復位。
2、滾輪式行程開關結構原理
滾(gun)動(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)行(xing)程開(kai)關(guan)的(de)結構比較復(fu)(fu)(fu)雜,由滾(gun)輪、上(shang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臂(bei)、彈簧(huang)(huang)、套架、滑輪、壓(ya)板(ban)、觸點(dian)和(he)橫板(ban)組成;工(gong)作時(shi),當運動(dong)(dong)機械的(de)擋鐵(撞(zhuang)塊)壓(ya)到(dao)行(xing)程開(kai)關(guan)的(de)滾(gun)輪上(shang)時(shi),傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)杠連同轉(zhuan)(zhuan)軸一(yi)同轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong),使(shi)凸輪推動(dong)(dong)撞(zhuang)塊,當撞(zhuang)塊碰(peng)壓(ya)到(dao)一(yi)定位置時(shi),推動(dong)(dong)微動(dong)(dong)開(kai)關(guan)快速動(dong)(dong)作。當滾(gun)輪上(shang)的(de)擋鐵移開(kai)后,復(fu)(fu)(fu)位彈簧(huang)(huang)就使(shi)行(xing)程開(kai)關(guan)復(fu)(fu)(fu)位。這種是(shi)單輪自動(dong)(dong)恢復(fu)(fu)(fu)式(shi)(shi)行(xing)程開(kai)關(guan)。而雙輪旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)式(shi)(shi)行(xing)程開(kai)關(guan)不能自動(dong)(dong)復(fu)(fu)(fu)原,它是(shi)依靠運動(dong)(dong)機械反向移動(dong)(dong)時(shi),擋鐵碰(peng)撞(zhuang)另(ling)一(yi)滾(gun)輪將其復(fu)(fu)(fu)原。
3、微動式行程開關結構原理
由推桿、彈簧(huang)、壓縮彈簧(huang)、動斷(duan)觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)、動合觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)組成,當(dang)推桿被壓下(xia)時(shi),弓(gong)簧(huang)片(pian)發生(sheng)(sheng)變形,儲存能量(liang)并產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)位(wei)(wei)移,當(dang)達到(dao)預定(ding)的臨(lin)界(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),彈簧(huang)片(pian)連同動觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)瞬時(shi)跳(tiao)躍,從而導致電(dian)路的接通、分斷(duan)或轉換。同樣(yang),減(jian)小操作力時(shi),彈簧(huang)片(pian)釋放能量(liang)并產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)反向位(wei)(wei)移,當(dang)通過(guo)另一臨(lin)界(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),彈簧(huang)片(pian)向相反方向跳(tiao)躍。采用瞬動機構可(ke)以使開關(guan)觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的接觸(chu)速(su)度(du)不(bu)受推桿壓下(xia)速(su)度(du)的影(ying)響,這樣(yang)不(bu)僅可(ke)以減(jian)輕電(dian)弧對觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的燒蝕,而且也(ye)能提高觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)動作的準確性。