一、ph計是什么意思
ph計(ji)是測量pH值的儀器。
ph計是專為使(shi)用(yong)(yong)離(li)子選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極而(er)設計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)一種精密的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子毫伏(fu)計(ji)(ji)。由于(yu)pH指示(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位隨溶液(ye)pH值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化而(er)變(bian)化,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)當(dang)(dang)pH指示(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(如(ru)pH玻璃電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極)和參比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(如(ru)飽(bao)和甘汞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極)浸在(zai)(zai)溶液(ye)中(zhong)構成測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池時(shi),所(suo)(suo)產生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)(shi)與溶液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)pH值(zhi)有(you)關。pH計(ji)(ji)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)(shi)輸出(chu)轉換成pH讀(du)數,每一pH間隔相(xiang)當(dang)(dang)于(yu)2.303RT/F伏(fu),此值(zhi)隨測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池中(zhong)溶液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)不(bu)同而(er)變(bian)動(dong),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)pH計(ji)(ji)上(shang)都裝(zhuang)有(you)溫度(du)補償(chang)旋鈕,調(diao)節它(ta)可使(shi)每一pH間隔的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)(shi)改變(bian)值(zhi)正好相(xiang)當(dang)(dang)于(yu)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)溫度(du)應有(you)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)動(dong)值(zhi)。pH計(ji)(ji)上(shang)還裝(zhuang)有(you)定位調(diao)節器,其作用(yong)(yong)是在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)(shi)上(shang)加一個適當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),使(shi)pH計(ji)(ji)讀(du)數與標準(zhun)pH值(zhi)一致。這樣(yang),溶液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)pH值(zhi)直接在(zai)(zai)儀表上(shang)顯示(shi)(shi)出(chu)來。pH計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)一般測(ce)(ce)量(liang)范圍是pH0~14,并備有(you)±mV擋(dang)以(yi)(yi)擴展(zhan)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)范圍。
二、ph計有哪些種類
現在市面上(shang)流(liu)通(tong)的酸度計主(zhu)要為實驗室酸度計、工業pH計、便攜(xie)式pH計和筆式酸度計四大類。
1、實驗室pH計,一般(ban)為(wei)臺式(shi)儀器,具有精度高、重復性好、響應(ying)快、功(gong)能全(quan)、操作簡單等特點。如果為(wei)智能化儀器,一般(ban)還具有打印輸出、數(shu)據處(chu)理等功(gong)能。
2、工業pH計,主要(yao)(yao)(yao)用于工業流程(cheng)的連續(xu)測量,要(yao)(yao)(yao)求電極的長(chang)期(qi)穩定性好,儀表(biao)不僅要(yao)(yao)(yao)有測量顯示(shi)功(gong)能,還要(yao)(yao)(yao)有報警和控制功(gong)能,以及方便安裝、清洗、抗(kang)干擾性能好等優勢。
3、便攜式pH計,主要用于現場(chang)測試和野外測量,要求附件配置齊全、方(fang)(fang)便攜帶,一般(ban)電源內置,方(fang)(fang)便移動(dong)測量。儀(yi)器的顯(xian)示要滿足戶外不同光線條件下的讀數。
4、筆式(shi)酸度計,筆式(shi)酸(suan)度(du)計是方便(bian)用戶攜帶,在現場或(huo)野(ye)外操作而(er)設(she)計的(de)。可同(tong)時顯示PH值(zhi)和溫度(du)值(zhi),該儀器適(shi)用于自來水(shui)水(shui)源(yuan)的(de)監(jian)測(ce)(ce),水(shui)族、水(shui)產、養殖、環保、印染、電鍍、飲(yin)料行業及科研單位等對水(shui)質(zhi)、PH值(zhi)的(de)測(ce)(ce)定。