一、節電器的節電原理

采用(yong)自主知(zhi)識產權(quan)技(ji)術(shu)、電(dian)磁(ci)補償原理(li)、電(dian)力電(dian)子控(kong)制技(ji)術(shu)、有(you)源濾波(bo)技(ji)術(shu)和先(xian)進(jin)的自動(dong)(dong)智能控(kong)制技(ji)術(shu)，自動(dong)(dong)調整節電(dian)檔位，優化(hua)供電(dian)參(can)數，保(bao)證良好的用(yong)電(dian)品質，有(you)效地過(guo)濾大小不同的瞬變浪涌(yong)、減少(shao)抑(yi)制諧波(bo)、雜波(bo)，相對地平衡(heng)供電(dian)電(dian)壓，降低線(xian)路損耗(hao)，提(ti)高(gao)負載(zai)的有(you)效功率，減少(shao)過(guo)剩有(you)功功率的多(duo)余損耗(hao)，從(cong)而達(da)到節電(dian)目(mu)的。

該產品適(shi)用(yong)于單(dan)相(xiang)及(ji)三相(xiang)線路(lu)的(de)安裝，在確(que)保用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備的(de)正常工作狀態下節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率一(yi)般為10%-30%，最大限度地減(jian)少用(yong)戶(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費支出，還(huan)能(neng)保護(hu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備、延長使用(yong)壽(shou)命達(da)1.5倍以上，大大減(jian)少了用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備的(de)維修和(he)更換費用(yong)。它自身(shen)還(huan)具(ju)有空載幾(ji)乎(hu)不耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、過載保護(hu)及(ji)報警(jing)、短路(lu)保護(hu)等(deng)功能(neng)。一(yi)方(fang)面是(shi)進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機本體(ti)結構設計的(de)改進和(he)新材料(liao)的(de)采用(yong)，對老電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機進行(xing)更新改造；另一(yi)方(fang)面是(shi)改進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機運行(xing)的(de)外部(bu)環(huan)境。相(xiang)控節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術(shu)采用(yong)改善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機外部(bu)運行(xing)環(huan)境實現動(dong)態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量管理(li)，是(shi)與(yu)變頻器(qi)互補(bu)的(de)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機兩大主流節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術(shu)之一(yi)。

相控(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器采用集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路芯(xin)片控(kong)(kong)制技術(shu)，由(you)微處理器芯(xin)片（CPU）、可控(kong)(kong)硅、集成(cheng)(cheng)式雙置晶閘管(guan)等國外進口元件組成(cheng)(cheng)。其核心技術(shu)是動(dong)態(tai)跟(gen)蹤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)負載(zai)量的(de)(de)變(bian)化，調整電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運行(xing)(xing)過程中的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流（百分(fen)之一秒內完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)動(dong)作），保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)輸出轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩與實際負荷需求精(jing)確匹配，不改變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速，不影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)正常運行(xing)(xing)，并(bing)且能(neng)有效(xiao)避免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)因出力過度造成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)浪費(fei)，具有很好的(de)(de)動(dong)態(tai)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)制功(gong)能(neng)，能(neng)有效(xiao)地降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)功(gong)率損耗，改善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)啟動(dong)、停機(ji)(ji)(ji)性能(neng)，延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)使用壽命。STM系(xi)列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器一對一的(de)(de)安裝在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)前端，節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率可達10-30%。

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二、節電器分類有哪些

1、電機節電器

其(qi)核心(xin)技術是動態跟(gen)蹤電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)負(fu)載量(liang)的(de)變(bian)化，調整(zheng)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)運行過程中的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓與電(dian)(dian)流(0.01秒(miao)內完(wan)成(cheng)動作)，在不改變(bian)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉速(su)的(de)情況下，保證電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)輸出(chu)轉矩(ju)與實際負(fu)荷需(xu)求精確匹配。不僅能(neng)保障電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)正常運行，而且能(neng)有(you)效(xiao)避(bi)免電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)因出(chu)力過度造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)浪費，具有(you)很好的(de)動態節電(dian)(dian)效(xiao)果。

2、照明節電器

在(zai)電(dian)(dian)力(li)供應(ying)部(bu)門的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)輸送過(guo)程中，為避免(mian)電(dian)(dian)壓損耗和用(yong)電(dian)(dian)高峰時造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓過(guo)低，一般都采用(yong)提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)壓輸送，因此用(yong)戶實際(ji)上(shang)承(cheng)受的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓往(wang)往(wang)會高于(yu)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓，這些超額的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)(bu)僅不(bu)(bu)能(neng)讓負載(zai)更(geng)有效率的(de)(de)運作，反(fan)而導致電(dian)(dian)能(neng)過(guo)量浪(lang)費(fei)，增(zeng)加設(she)備(bei)損壞率，增(zeng)大成(cheng)本費(fei)用(yong)等負面影響。

照明(ming)智能節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器是以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感應方式將(jiang)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)予以優化(hua)，采(cai)用AC-AC直(zhi)接變(bian)換技(ji)術(shu)調(diao)整電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，輸給燈光(guang)負載(zai)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)(wei)*適宜值，達到(dao)既(ji)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又(you)保證照明(ming)標準要(yao)求的(de)雙重目的(de)。根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工基本原(yuan)理P=U2/R，設(she)燈具上(shang)施加的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)(wei)U，燈光(guang)的(de)阻(zu)抗設(she)為(wei)(wei)(wei)定值電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R，那么它在(zai)原(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)U0下消耗(hao)的(de)功(gong)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)P0，適當降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)至U1后，這時(shi)消耗(hao)的(de)功(gong)率(lv)P1將(jiang)隨電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)平(ping)方關系(xi)下降(jiang)。其(qi)有功(gong)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)表示為(wei)(wei)(wei)：ε%=1-(U1/U0)2×100%。

3、空調節電器

隨(sui)著空(kong)調(diao)(diao)及(ji)其他制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣泛使(shi)(shi)(shi)用和(he)普及(ji)，在這方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)耗(hao)(hao)也在逐年增加，怎(zen)樣才能(neng)(neng)使(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)耗(hao)(hao)既科學(xue)又合理地降(jiang)低(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)來，即保證(zheng)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)環境達到(dao)舒適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度或設(she)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)溫(wen)度，又能(neng)(neng)最(zui)(zui)大限(xian)度地節(jie)(jie)省(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)支(zhi)出，這是該(gai)裝置(zhi)所要(yao)實(shi)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。根據(ju)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)專業人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)驗和(he)測(ce)試(shi)，空(kong)調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)在70%～75%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)荷下(xia)(xia)工(gong)作，制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)效果最(zui)(zui)佳，其制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)效率也最(zui)(zui)高。空(kong)調(diao)(diao)在工(gong)作過程(cheng)中(zhong)，當室內溫(wen)度還沒有達到(dao)設(she)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)控(kong)點時，壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)會長(chang)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)作，當達到(dao)溫(wen)控(kong)點后壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)又會頻繁(fan)(fan)開、停，因此(ci)，空(kong)調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)作和(he)頻繁(fan)(fan)啟動(dong)會導致制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)效率降(jiang)低(di)(di)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)余損耗(hao)(hao)。該(gai)裝置(zhi)是一(yi)種能(neng)(neng)夠克(ke)服空(kong)調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)長(chang)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)作和(he)頻繁(fan)(fan)啟動(dong)所造(zao)(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)效率低(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)和(he)多(duo)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)浪費(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)器。當室內溫(wen)度達到(dao)舒適溫(wen)度后，通過時控(kong)信號自動(dong)進入節(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)運行狀態，一(yi)方面充分(fen)利用壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)余冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)，并可使(shi)(shi)(shi)整(zheng)個系(xi)統充分(fen)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻，提(ti)高制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)效果，另(ling)一(yi)方面減少壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)頻繁(fan)(fan)啟動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)次數，使(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)得到(dao)充分(fen)休息，延(yan)長(chang)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用壽命，同時有效降(jiang)低(di)(di)沖(chong)擊電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)所造(zao)(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)損耗(hao)(hao)，從而(er)達到(dao)即省(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)又可延(yan)長(chang)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)設(she)備(bei)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用壽命的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。通過現場測(ce)試(shi)節(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)率可達15%～30%，壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用壽命可提(ti)高1.5倍以(yi)上。

4、箱式節電器

就熒(ying)光(guang)(guang)燈(deng)(deng)管(guan)而言，僅(jin)在(zai)啟動時(shi)需要足夠(gou)的(de)(de)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)激發熒(ying)光(guang)(guang)物(wu)質(zhi)，使燈(deng)(deng)管(guan)發光(guang)(guang)。在(zai)預置時(shi)間(jian)內，智能系統感(gan)(gan)應到燈(deng)(deng)管(guan)的(de)(de)功(gong)率已(yi)完(wan)全揮放后，即(ji)自動調整負(fu)載電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，燈(deng)(deng)管(guan)便(bian)可轉入(ru)(ru)節電(dian)(dian)模式工作(zuo)，節電(dian)(dian)器同時(shi)進入(ru)(ru)自動在(zai)線(xian)檢測(ce)狀態。根據大(da)量(liang)實驗統計結果表明，電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)每降低10%時(shi)，常用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)，如(ru)熒(ying)光(guang)(guang)燈(deng)(deng)照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)只(zhi)降低7%左(zuo)右，而人(ren)眼對(dui)光(guang)(guang)線(xian)的(de)(de)感(gan)(gan)覺則(ze)是對(dui)數關系：即(ji)當光(guang)(guang)線(xian)照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)減小10%時(shi)，人(ren)的(de)(de)視覺感(gan)(gan)覺亮度(du)只(zhi)減小1%，因(yin)此少許減少燈(deng)(deng)光(guang)(guang)輸入(ru)(ru)功(gong)率所產生的(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)微弱變(bian)化人(ren)眼幾乎(hu)感(gan)(gan)覺不到，但(dan)在(zai)延長燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)壽命和減少維護成本上都具(ju)有積極意義。

路燈節(jie)電(dian)器工作原理：集電(dian)磁(ci)技術(shu)、智(zhi)能化(hua)控(kong)(kong)制技術(shu)、數據控(kong)(kong)制技術(shu)于一體，在(zai)可控(kong)(kong)和(he)平緩的(de)方式下智(zhi)能調節(jie)，使(shi)輸出電(dian)壓穩定在(zai)設定的(de)額定值范圍之間，實現公共照明系統的(de)工作電(dian)流與亮(liang)度需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)理想(xiang)結合，達到節(jie)電(dian)和(he)優化(hua)供電(dian)目的(de)，節(jie)電(dian)率可高達40%，對用電(dian)系統的(de)保(bao)護作用可使(shi)其(qi)壽命延長3-4倍。

節電器的使(shi)用，不(bu)僅可(ke)以節(jie)省了電能又(you)可(ke)大幅降低設(she)備運營成本，可(ke)以說是用電大戶(hu)的福利。一般在(zai)公司使(shi)用節(jie)電器，可(ke)以節(jie)約20~45%的用電量，大大減少了用電浪(lang)費，也節(jie)約了經濟成本。