一、過電壓保護器和避雷器的區別

過(guo)電壓保護(hu)器和避雷器都是用于(yu)保護(hu)電氣設備的重要裝置，但它們的工(gong)作(zuo)原理和作(zuo)用有所不(bu)同。

過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)器是(shi)一種(zhong)用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統中的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)備(bei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)裝置(zhi)，主要用(yong)于限制(zhi)和消除由于系(xi)統中出現(xian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓而(er)對設(she)(she)備(bei)造成(cheng)的(de)危害。過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)器的(de)工(gong)作原(yuan)理是(shi)當系(xi)統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓超過(guo)(guo)(guo)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)器能夠及時引導過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，從而(er)將(jiang)過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)能量分散(san)或吸收，以保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)設(she)(she)備(bei)免(mian)受損壞。過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)器通常安(an)裝在設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)進線(xian)、母線(xian)和出線(xian)等位置(zhi)，常用(yong)的(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)器有(you)金(jin)屬氧化物壓敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器（MO），氣體放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)(guan)（GDT）、硅控(kong)整流(liu)(liu)二極管(guan)(guan)（SCR）等。

而避雷器則是一種用于保護電(dian)氣設(she)(she)備(bei)和(he)人員(yuan)免受(shou)雷(lei)(lei)擊危害的裝置。它是一種帶有(you)阻抗特性的電(dian)氣元(yuan)件，能(neng)夠在雷(lei)(lei)擊時將(jiang)雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)能(neng)量引(yin)向(xiang)大(da)(da)地。避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器的工作原理是將(jiang)雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)通過特殊(shu)的構(gou)造(zao)引(yin)向(xiang)大(da)(da)地，防止雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)進入電(dian)氣設(she)(she)備(bei)和(he)建筑物。常用的避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器有(you)針式避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器和(he)金(jin)屬(shu)氧化物避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器。

因此(ci)，過電(dian)壓(ya)保護(hu)器和(he)避雷(lei)器都是(shi)用(yong)于(yu)保護(hu)電(dian)氣設備(bei)的(de)裝置(zhi)，但過電(dian)壓(ya)保護(hu)器主要(yao)用(yong)于(yu)限制和(he)消除(chu)系統中出現過電(dian)壓(ya)而對設備(bei)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)危(wei)害(hai)，而避雷(lei)器主要(yao)用(yong)于(yu)保護(hu)電(dian)氣設備(bei)和(he)人(ren)員免受(shou)雷(lei)擊危(wei)害(hai)。

二、過電壓保護器和避雷器能相互替換么

根據二者(zhe)的(de)不(bu)同作(zuo)用，可(ke)以(yi)得(de)知過電壓保(bao)護器和避雷器并不(bu)是相互替代的(de)兩(liang)個產品(pin)，它們(men)之間各司其(qi)職，相互補充。

在需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行防(fang)雷(lei)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的場合，二者可以同時(shi)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)，達到更好的保(bao)(bao)護(hu)效果。但是需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)注意，二者的安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)位置應(ying)該分別確定，不(bu)能安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)在同一個位置。在具體操作時(shi)，應(ying)該先(xian)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)避(bi)雷(lei)器，然(ran)后再安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)過電(dian)壓(ya)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器。