一、鎳鎘電池的原理

位于負極的(de)鎘(ge)(Cd)和(he)(he)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鈉(NaOH)中(zhong)的(de)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)根離子(zi)(OH-)化(hua)合成氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鎘(ge)，并附著在(zai)陽極上，同(tong)時也放出電(dian)子(zi)。電(dian)子(zi)沿(yan)著電(dian)線至(zhi)陰極，和(he)(he)陰極的(de)二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鎳(nie)(nie)與氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鈉溶液中(zhong)的(de)水(shui)反應形成氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鎳(nie)(nie)和(he)(he)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)根離子(zi)，氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鎳(nie)(nie)會附著在(zai)陽極上，氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)根離子(zi)則又回(hui)到氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鈉溶液中(zhong)，故氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鈉溶液濃度不會隨著時間(jian)而下降(jiang)。

鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正(zheng)極板上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性物質(zhi)由(you)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎳(nie)粉(fen)和石墨粉(fen)組(zu)成(cheng)，石墨不參(can)加化(hua)(hua)學反應，其主要作用(yong)(yong)是增強導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性。負極板上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性物質(zhi)由(you)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎘粉(fen)和氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鐵粉(fen)組(zu)成(cheng)，氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鐵粉(fen)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)是使氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎘粉(fen)有(you)較高的(de)(de)(de)擴散性，防止結塊，并增加極板的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)。活(huo)性物質(zhi)分別包在穿孔鋼帶中(zhong)，加壓成(cheng)型后(hou)即(ji)(ji)成(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)負極板。極板間用(yong)(yong)耐堿的(de)(de)(de)硬橡膠(jiao)絕緣棍(gun)或有(you)孔的(de)(de)(de)聚氯乙烯瓦楞板隔(ge)開。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)通(tong)常用(yong)(yong)氫氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鉀溶(rong)液(ye)。與其它電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)相比，NiCd電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(即(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不使用(yong)(yong)時失去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)速率超科(ke)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi))適中(zhong)。NiCd電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在使用(yong)(yong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，如果放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不完(wan)(wan)全就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)又充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，下次再放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不能(neng)放(fang)(fang)出(chu)全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)。比如，放(fang)(fang)出(chu)80%電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)后(hou)再充足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)只能(neng)放(fang)(fang)出(chu)80%的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)。這就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是所謂(wei)的(de)(de)(de)記憶效(xiao)應。當然(ran)，幾次完(wan)(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)/充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)將(jiang)使NiCd電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)恢復正(zheng)常工作。由(you)于NiCd電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)記憶效(xiao)應，若未完(wan)(wan)全放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，應在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)將(jiang)每節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至1V以下。

該圖片由注冊用戶"妮子的文字"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、鎳鎘電池的基本特點

1、鎳鎘(ge)電池可重復500次以(yi)上的充放電，非常的經濟。

2、內阻(zu)小，可供大電(dian)(dian)流的放電(dian)(dian)，當它放電(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)壓的變化很小，作(zuo)為直流電(dian)(dian)源是一種質量極佳的電(dian)(dian)池。

3、因(yin)為采用完(wan)全密(mi)封式，因(yin)此不會有電解(jie)(jie)液漏出的現象，也完(wan)全不需要補充電解(jie)(jie)液。

4、與其他種類電池(chi)(chi)相(xiang)比之(zhi)下(xia)，鎳鎘電池(chi)(chi)可耐過充電或放過電，操作簡單方(fang)便(bian)。

5、長時間的放置下也不會使性(xing)能劣(lie)化，當十分充完電后即可恢復原來的特(te)性(xing)。

6、可使(shi)用在很廣(guang)的溫度范圍內。

7、因為它采(cai)用金屬(shu)容器而作成，有機械(xie)性(xing)的堅(jian)固(gu)。

8、鎳鎘電池在(zai)非常嚴格的品(pin)質管理(li)下被制造完成(cheng)，有非常優良(liang)的品(pin)質性(xing)賴性(xing)。

三、鎳鎘電池的主要特征

1、高壽命

鎳鎘電池可(ke)以提供500次以上的充放電周期(qi)，壽命幾(ji)乎等同于(yu)使用該種電池的設備的服(fu)務期(qi)。

2、優異的放電性能

在大(da)電(dian)流(liu)放(fang)電(dian)的(de)情況(kuang)下，鎳鎘電(dian)池具(ju)有低內阻和高電(dian)壓的(de)放(fang)電(dian)特性(xing)，因而應用廣泛(fan)。

3、儲存期長

鎳鎘電(dian)池(chi)儲存壽命長而(er)且限(xian)制條件少，在長期儲存后仍可正常充電(dian)。

4、高倍率充電性能

鎳鎘電池(chi)可(ke)根據(ju)應用(yong)需要進行快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電, 滿充(chong)時間僅(jin)為1.2小(xiao)時。

5、大范圍溫度適應性

普通型(xing)鎳鎘(ge)電池可(ke)(ke)以應用于較高(gao)(gao)或較低溫(wen)度(du)環境(jing)。高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)型(xing)電池可(ke)(ke)以在70攝氏度(du)或者更高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)度(du)的(de)環境(jing)中使用。

6、可靠的安全閥

安(an)全閥提供了免維(wei)護功(gong)能。鎳鎘電池在(zai)充放(fang)電或(huo)者儲存過(guo)程中可以自由使用(yong)。由于密封圈使用(yong)的(de)是特(te)殊(shu)材(cai)料(liao)，再加上密封劑的(de)作用(yong)，使得鎳鎘電池很少出(chu)現漏液現象(xiang)。

7、廣泛的應用領域

鎳鎘電池容量從100mAh 至 7000mAh不(bu)等(deng)。通常使(shi)用的(de)有標準型，消(xiao)費(fei)型，高溫型和大電流放電型等(deng)四大類(lei)，可(ke)應(ying)用于(yu)任何無(wu)線設備(bei)。

8、高質量﹑高可靠性產品通過了QS9000質量認證

四、鎳鎘電池的保養

1、在日常(chang)工作中，應該熟悉自己使用電池所(suo)屬類型，它所(suo)具有的(de)(de)(de)基本特點和性(xing)能。這對于(yu)指(zhi)導我們(men)正確的(de)(de)(de)使用和保(bao)養，具有十分重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)意義，對于(yu)延長(chang)電池的(de)(de)(de)使用壽命也是極為重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)。

2、充電(dian)時，室(shi)(shi)溫最好控制在10℃－30℃之間進行，右高于30攝氏(shi)度(du)最好采取降溫措(cuo)施，避(bi)免因電(dian)池(chi)內部過熱(re)發生變形；室(shi)(shi)溫低(di)于5攝氏(shi)度(du)時，會造成充電(dian)不足，影響電(dian)池(chi)的使(shi)用壽命。

3、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)經一段(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)的使用后(hou)，由于放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)程度不同和(he)(he)老化(hua)或(huo)多或(huo)少的存(cun)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足(zu)和(he)(he)性(xing)能下(xia)降的情況，一般情況下(xia)鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可在(zai)10次左右的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環之后(hou)，進行一次過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。方法是延長充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)比(bi)正常充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)延長一倍左右。具體舉例如下(xia)：用SONY的BC--1WA(B)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器對NP-1電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在(zai)綠燈(deng)(deng)閃爍時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，綠燈(deng)(deng)停止閃爍長亮時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束點滴(di)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)始，延長點滴(di)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，點滴(di)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)以3－4小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)宜。

4、電池(chi)(chi)充放(fang)(fang)電應嚴格按要(yao)求規范操作，切忌長(chang)(chang)期(qi)過充、過放(fang)(fang)或(huo)(huo)經常充電不(bu)足。放(fang)(fang)電不(bu)徹底、電池(chi)(chi)使(shi)用(yong)時長(chang)(chang)期(qi)小電流深度放(fang)(fang)電或(huo)(huo)短路都(dou)是造成電池(chi)(chi)容量下降、壽命(ming)縮(suo)短的重要(yao)因素。長(chang)(chang)此(ci)以(yi)往違章使(shi)用(yong)操作不(bu)僅(jin)會(hui)影響使(shi)用(yong)，而且勢必會(hui)影響電池(chi)(chi)的容量與壽命(ming)。

5、在常用(yong)BC-1WA(B)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程應一次(ci)完成，不可(ke)中(zhong)途(tu)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或在快(kuai)速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)處于高溫狀(zhuang)態，而重(zhong)新接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，使得充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器再次(ci)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)快(kuai)速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，結果會造成過充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在使用(yong)中(zhong)當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)告警指示(shi)燈閃爍告警時，應及時更(geng)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，避免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過量放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

6、鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)長(chang)期(qi)不(bu)用(yong)時勿需充電(dian)(dian)(dian)保存，但須將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)至(zhi)終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓后(攝錄機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)告警燈閃爍(shuo))方可封裝存放(fang)在原(yuan)包(bao)裝紙盒(he)或用(yong)布、紙包(bao)裝后，置于(yu)干燥、通風(feng)處存放(fang)。