【電(dian)(dian)動車(che)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池】電(dian)(dian)動車(che)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池常(chang)見故障處理 電(dian)(dian)動車(che)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池怎(zen)么更換(huan)

電動車蓄電池常見故障處理

1、電(dian)池漏液的檢查與處理：

(1)漏(lou)液(ye)(ye)有四(si)種情況：一是(shi)(shi)上蓋與(yu)底槽之間密封性不好或因碰撞(zhuang)，封口膠開裂(lie)造成(cheng)；二(er)是(shi)(shi)安全閥(fa)滲漏(lou)液(ye)(ye)；三是(shi)(shi)接(jie)線端處(chu)滲酸漏(lou)液(ye)(ye)；四(si)是(shi)(shi)其他(ta)部份出(chu)現滲酸液(ye)(ye)漏(lou)液(ye)(ye)。

(2)檢查與處理方法：先作外觀檢查，找出滲酸漏液部位。取開面板看安全閥有無滲酸漏液痕跡，再打開安全閥觀察電動車電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內部有無活(huo)(huo)動(dong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液。作了上述工作之后若仍未發(fa)現異(yi)常，應(ying)做氣密(mi)性(xing)測試(放(fang)進水(shui)中(zhong)加(jia)壓充氣，觀察(cha)有無氣泡(pao)(pao)產生并冒(mao)出，有氣泡(pao)(pao)說(shuo)明有滲酸、漏液)，最后在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，觀察(cha)有活(huo)(huo)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液應(ying)將(jiang)其抽出。

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2、電池充不進電的檢查(cha)與處理：

(1)首先檢查充電回路(lu)的連接是否(fou)可靠(kao)，檢查連線與(yu)插頭(tou)接觸是否(fou)完(wan)好，認真(zhen)檢查插座和插頭(tou)有否(fou)"打火(huo)"燒(shao)弧現(xian)象，有無線路(lu)損傷(shang)斷(duan)線等。

(2)檢查充電器有無損(sun)壞，充電參(can)數是否(fou)符合(he)要(yao)求。

(3)最后(hou)查(cha)看電(dian)池內部是否有干(gan)涸現象(xiang)，即電(dian)池缺液(ye)嚴重。

(4)還應檢查極板(ban)是否存在(zai)不(bu)可(ke)逆轉(zhuan)硫酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)：極板(ban)不(bu)可(ke)逆轉(zhuan)酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，可(ke)通(tong)過充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)測其(qi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的變化(hua)(hua)(hua)來判(pan)定。在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓上升特(te)(te)別快(kuai)，某些單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓特(te)(te)別高(gao)，超(chao)出正常很多；放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下降(jiang)特(te)(te)別快(kuai)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)很少(shao)。出現上述情況可(ke)判(pan)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)出現不(bu)可(ke)逆轉(zhuan)硫酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。

(5)上述(shu)故障的(de)處理(li)：先(xian)(xian)將(jiang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路連接(jie)牢固，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器不正常(chang)(chang)應(ying)更換。干涸的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)應(ying)補加(jia)(jia)純水(shui)或1.050的(de)硫(liu)(liu)酸進行維護(hu)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。假(jia)如(ru)發現有不可(ke)逆硫(liu)(liu)酸鹽化，應(ying)進行均衡充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。干涸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)加(jia)(jia)液后(hou)的(de)維護(hu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)應(ying)控制最(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流1.8A充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)10-15小時，三只(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)約在13.4V/只(zhi)以上為(wei)好。假(jia)如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差別較大(da)，先(xian)(xian)將(jiang)其放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，再作(zuo)維護(hu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。不可(ke)逆硫(liu)(liu)酸鹽化的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)補加(jia)(jia)液以后(hou)(恰好出現活動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液)用(yong)0.05-0.15C2A的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)20h左右，然(ran)后(hou)1.5A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)逐電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)10.5V/只(zhi)，反復1-3次(ci)直到消除不可(ke)逆硫(liu)(liu)酸鹽化，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)恢復正常(chang)(chang)為(wei)止(zhi)。然(ran)后(hou)抽盡活動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液，蓋上帽閥等即(ji)可(ke)重新投進使(shi)用(yong)。

3、電(dian)池變形(鼓肚)的檢查與處理(li)：

(1)一組電(dian)(dian)池(三(san)只)同時變形先作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)壓檢(jian)查，假(jia)如電(dian)(dian)壓基(ji)本正(zheng)常，說明沒有短路存在，變形是過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)產生(sheng)"熱失(shi)控"所致。應檢(jian)查充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)參數。電(dian)(dian)壓偏高(高于(yu)44.7V以(yi)(yi)上)無過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)保護或涓流轉換點電(dian)(dian)流偏低(di)者(zhe)(低(di)于(yu)0.3A以(yi)(yi)下(xia))要更(geng)換充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器。

(2)一(yi)組(zu)三只電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中只有1只或(huo)2只變(bian)形(xing)有以(yi)下可(ke)能(neng)性：一(yi)種是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)不一(yi)致，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時造(zao)成某(mou)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)引起變(bian)形(xing)，荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)不一(yi)致的(de)原因，可(ke)能(neng)有短路單(dan)格存在，也可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)自(zi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)；第二種是(shi)某(mou)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)出現不可(ke)逆(ni)轉硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)化(hua)，內阻增大，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)發熱(re)造(zao)成變(bian)形(xing)。未變(bian)形(xing)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)應檢查放電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量以(yi)及(ji)自(zi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)特性。若(ruo)無異(yi)常則不屬于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)題目。

4、電動自行車存(cun)放一段時間(jian)電池不存(cun)電的檢查(cha)和處理：

(1)首(shou)先查看車鎖是否關斷。未(wei)關斷時(shi)，控制器儀表等(deng)仍處于工作狀態，有小電(dian)(dian)放逐電(dian)(dian)(約30mA-150mA)。時(shi)間(jian)一長(chang)，在1-4周的時(shi)間(jian)就會將電(dian)(dian)池完全放電(dian)(dian)甚至過放電(dian)(dian)。

(2)檢查(cha)電動車電源(yuan)部位盡緣(yuan)是否(fou)良好：檢查(cha)時，可(ke)用毫(hao)安表（萬用表的(de)毫(hao)安檔)串聯(lian)在(zai)電池的(de)回路中，關斷車鎖，看是否(fou)有微小電流通過。

(3)丈量(liang)蓄(xu)(xu)電池的端(duan)電壓是(shi)否一致，測試蓄(xu)(xu)電池的自(zi)放電性(xing)能(neng)是(shi)否存在自(zi)放電過大的故障。

(4)電(dian)池在存放過(guo)程(cheng)中二個(ge)月以(yi)內補充充電(dian)一次。防止(zhi)自(zi)放電(dian)影響電(dian)池使(shi)用性(xing)能。

5、充電器一充就燒的檢查與處(chu)理：

此(ci)種故障(zhang)的檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查，首先(xian)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)連接(jie)是(shi)否(fou)正(zheng)確，是(shi)否(fou)存(cun)在反(fan)極(ji)(ji)；另外察看(kan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)插座(zuo)(zuo)極(ji)(ji)性(xing)座(zuo)(zuo)極(ji)(ji)性(xing)是(shi)否(fou)接(jie)反(fan)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器極(ji)(ji)性(xing)是(shi)否(fou)接(jie)反(fan)，造成過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)轉(zhuan)極(ji)(ji)。再(zai)(zai)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)座(zuo)(zuo)或連線有無短路現象(xiang)，反(fan)極(ji)(ji)短路必須排除(chu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)已充電(dian)(dian)(dian)反(fan)極(ji)(ji)，對(dui)此(ci)先(xian)將其放(fang)完電(dian)(dian)(dian)(放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時溫度控(kong)制在50℃以內)，再(zai)(zai)用維護充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器連續充電(dian)(dian)(dian)15-18h，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓恢復正(zheng)常(chang)后(hou)作放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查反(fan)復進行(xing)2-3次，容量恢復正(zheng)常(chang)后(hou)即可投進使(shi)用，容量不足84min作報廢處理。

6、新(xin)電池(chi)裝車起動時，儀表顯示電壓降得快的處理：

(1)檢查(cha)儀(yi)表顯示(shi)與電池容(rong)量是(shi)否相符。電池電源與容(rong)量的關系如下(xia)表：

2小時率放電(dian)電(dian)壓與(yu)容(rong)量的關系：(單只12V電(dian)池(chi))

容量(liang)1009080706050403020100；

單格電壓12.6612.6012.5212.4312.3012.1311.9411.7411.4311.1810.50。

儀(yi)表(biao)顯示的(de)電壓(ya)與電池容量關系不符(fu)合上(shang)表(biao)時，就(jiu)要求廠家(jia)調整使(shi)之符(fu)合上(shang)述電壓(ya)與容量之間的(de)關系。

(2)檢查電動車蓄電池連接線是否可靠(kao)，有(you)無短路等。有(you)則排除之。

(3)檢查電(dian)動助(zhu)力車起動和運(yun)行(xing)電(dian)流(liu)是否過(guo)大。若(ruo)是過(guo)大(起動電(dian)流(liu)在15A以上(shang)，運(yun)行(xing)時電(dian)流(liu)6A以上(shang))與(yu)電(dian)動助(zhu)力車廠家聯(lian)系(xi)對車輛進行(xing)改(gai)進。

(4)檢查蓄電池(chi)容量(liang)是否偏低。若(ruo)是偏低，應對電池(chi)進行(xing)維護充(chong)放電。

7、"落后"電池的檢查與(yu)處理(li)：

(1)首先(xian)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行一般性(xing)的維(wei)護(hu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，然后(hou)用5A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)逐電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中不斷地(di)丈量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，將(jiang)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量不足(zu)的"落(luo)后(hou)"電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)選出來給予(yu)處理。先(xian)補加蒸餾水至恰(qia)好看到(dao)(dao)(dao)活(huo)動液(ye)體出現，再(zai)繼續充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)12-15h，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時留(liu)意電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的溫度不要(yao)超過(guo)50℃，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束后(hou)靜置0.5h-4h，重(zhong)作5A放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中丈量單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的數(shu)值(zhi)。若放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間達不到(dao)(dao)(dao)標準或(huo)者單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)1.75V放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間與(yu)正常(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)相差(cha)較大者，則還應重(zhong)復上述充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)程序操縱，直到(dao)(dao)(dao)符合要(yao)求為止。

(2)對"落后(hou)"電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的處理：若(ruo)是(shi)重復(fu)充放循環后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)無明顯上升或(huo)仍為零伏左右或(huo)很低，這種電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)一般有短路存在或(huo)活(huo)(huo)性物質嚴重脫(tuo)落軟化，嚴重不(bu)可逆硫酸(suan)鹽化等，很可能(neng)不(bu)能(neng)修復(fu)。對符合要求還可以繼續使用的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，就抽盡活(huo)(huo)動的電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)，擦干凈表(biao)面安上帽閥，用PVC(或(huo)氯仿(fang))粘合劑將面板粘合好，即可投(tou)進使用。

電動車蓄電池怎么更換

1、拆卸蓄電池

先將(jiang)(jiang)蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)連(lian)同蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)盒一塊(kuai)取下(xia)，置(zhi)于工作臺上，卸下(xia)鎖緊螺釘等。小心將(jiang)(jiang)蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)盒打開，用(yong)(yong)50W電烙鐵將(jiang)(jiang)蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)連(lian)線(xian)從(cong)蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)端子(zi)上燙下(xia)，并(bing)立刻(ke)就用(yong)(yong)絕緣膠帶將(jiang)(jiang)蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)端子(zi)包住，以(yi)防(fang)止短路(lu)事(shi)故；焊接蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)之間(jian)的連(lian)線(xian)時，可(ke)以(yi)焊下(xia)一個頭(tou)(tou)，拿住接頭(tou)(tou)，再(zai)焊另(ling)一個接頭(tou)(tou)，焊下(xia)后(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)連(lian)線(xian)立即放到規定的地方，防(fang)止連(lian)線(xian)使蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)短路(lu)。

有(you)些蓄電(dian)池在安裝時使用(yong)粘接劑(ji)等(deng)將蓄電(dian)池與蓄電(dian)池盒粘牢(lao)（一般采(cai)用(yong)不干膠），需要用(yong)力拉蓄電(dian)池才能取出（但不得用(yong)力過(guo)猛）。若操(cao)作(zuo)有(you)困難(nan)，可對(dui)蓄電(dian)池略為加(jia)熱，或(huo)用(yong)酒精等(deng)溶劑(ji)將粘接劑(ji)溶下，然后將蓄電(dian)池取出。最后應將殘(can)余的墊片或(huo)粘接劑(ji)等(deng)清除干凈，準備安裝新蓄電(dian)池。

2、檢查

檢(jian)查(cha)所(suo)有連線質量，同時檢(jian)查(cha)保(bao)險座、充(chong)電插座，以及(ji)蓄電池引(yin)出線接觸(chu)是否正常可靠(kao)，并緊固所(suo)有連接件。需要更換(huan)的應更換(huan)，并應重點考查(cha)其可靠(kao)性，不可靠(kao)者一律更換(huan)（包括蓄電池盒等）。

3、安裝

按新蓄電池包裝(zhuang)箱內說明書要求進行(xing)安裝(zhuang)。

4、試用

經(jing)數次(ci)充放電(dian)使用考核正常(chang)后，方可投入正常(chang)運行。