【電(dian)動車(che)蓄電(dian)池】電(dian)動車(che)蓄電(dian)池常見故障處理 電(dian)動車(che)蓄電(dian)池怎么更換(huan)

電動車蓄電池常見故障處理

1、電池漏液的(de)檢查與處(chu)理：

(1)漏(lou)(lou)液有四種情況：一是(shi)上蓋(gai)與底槽之間密封(feng)性不好(hao)或(huo)因(yin)碰撞，封(feng)口膠開裂造成(cheng)；二是(shi)安全(quan)閥滲(shen)漏(lou)(lou)液；三是(shi)接線端(duan)處(chu)滲(shen)酸漏(lou)(lou)液；四是(shi)其他部份(fen)出現滲(shen)酸液漏(lou)(lou)液。

(2)檢查與處理方法：先作外觀檢查，找出滲酸漏液部位。取開面板看安全閥有無滲酸漏液痕跡，再打開安全閥觀察電動車電池內部有(you)(you)無活動(dong)的(de)電解液(ye)。作了上述工作之后若(ruo)仍未發現異常，應做氣(qi)(qi)密(mi)性測試(放進水(shui)中加壓充氣(qi)(qi)，觀察(cha)有(you)(you)無氣(qi)(qi)泡(pao)產生(sheng)并冒出，有(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)泡(pao)說(shuo)明有(you)(you)滲酸、漏液(ye))，最(zui)后在充電過(guo)程中，觀察(cha)有(you)(you)活動(dong)電解液(ye)應將其(qi)抽出。

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2、電池充不進電的檢查(cha)與(yu)處理(li)：

(1)首(shou)先檢查充電回路(lu)的連接是否(fou)(fou)可靠，檢查連線與插頭接觸(chu)是否(fou)(fou)完(wan)好，認(ren)真檢查插座和插頭有(you)(you)否(fou)(fou)"打火"燒弧現象，有(you)(you)無線路(lu)損(sun)傷斷(duan)線等(deng)。

(2)檢查(cha)充電器有無損(sun)壞，充電參數是否符合要求。

(3)最后查(cha)看(kan)電(dian)(dian)池內部是否有干涸現象，即電(dian)(dian)池缺液嚴重(zhong)。

(4)還應檢查極板是否存(cun)在不可逆轉(zhuan)硫酸(suan)鹽化(hua)(hua)：極板不可逆轉(zhuan)酸(suan)鹽化(hua)(hua)，可通過充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)測其端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的變化(hua)(hua)來判定。在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)上升特(te)(te)別快，某些單格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)特(te)(te)別高，超出(chu)(chu)正(zheng)常很多；放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下降特(te)(te)別快，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不存(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或存(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)很少。出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)上述(shu)情況可判定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)不可逆轉(zhuan)硫酸(suan)鹽化(hua)(hua)。

(5)上述故障的(de)處(chu)理：先(xian)將充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)回路連(lian)接牢固，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)不正常應更(geng)換。干涸的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)應補(bu)加(jia)(jia)純水或(huo)1.050的(de)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)進(jin)(jin)行維(wei)(wei)護(hu)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。假(jia)如(ru)發現有不可逆硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)化，應進(jin)(jin)行均衡(heng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。干涸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)加(jia)(jia)液(ye)后(hou)的(de)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)應控制最(zui)大電(dian)(dian)流1.8A充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)10-15小時，三只電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)約在13.4V/只以上為好(hao)。假(jia)如(ru)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)之間電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差別較大，先(xian)將其放(fang)電(dian)(dian)到終(zhong)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，再作維(wei)(wei)護(hu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。不可逆硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)化的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)補(bu)加(jia)(jia)液(ye)以后(hou)(恰好(hao)出現活(huo)動電(dian)(dian)解液(ye))用0.05-0.15C2A的(de)電(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)20h左(zuo)右，然(ran)后(hou)1.5A電(dian)(dian)放(fang)逐電(dian)(dian)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)10.5V/只，反復1-3次直(zhi)到消除(chu)不可逆硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)化，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量恢復正常為止(zhi)。然(ran)后(hou)抽(chou)盡活(huo)動電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)，蓋(gai)上帽(mao)閥等即可重新投(tou)進(jin)(jin)使用。

3、電池變形(xing)(鼓肚)的檢(jian)查(cha)與處理(li)：

(1)一組電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(三只)同時變(bian)形先作電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓檢(jian)查(cha)，假(jia)如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓基本正常，說明(ming)沒有(you)短路存(cun)在，變(bian)形是過(guo)(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)產生(sheng)"熱(re)失(shi)控"所致。應檢(jian)查(cha)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)參數。電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓偏高(高于44.7V以上)無過(guo)(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護或涓流轉換(huan)點電(dian)(dian)(dian)流偏低(di)者(zhe)(低(di)于0.3A以下)要更換(huan)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器。

(2)一(yi)組三只電(dian)(dian)(dian)池中只有(you)1只或(huo)2只變形(xing)(xing)有(you)以(yi)下可(ke)(ke)能(neng)性(xing)：一(yi)種是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)一(yi)致，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)造成某(mou)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)池過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)引起變形(xing)(xing)，荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)一(yi)致的(de)原因，可(ke)(ke)能(neng)有(you)短路(lu)單格(ge)存在，也可(ke)(ke)能(neng)是(shi)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等；第二種是(shi)某(mou)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)池出(chu)現(xian)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)逆轉硫酸鹽(yan)化，內阻增大，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)熱造成變形(xing)(xing)。未變形(xing)(xing)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池應檢(jian)查放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量以(yi)及自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)特性(xing)。若無異常則(ze)不(bu)屬于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池題目。

4、電動自行車存(cun)(cun)放一段時間電(dian)池不(bu)存(cun)(cun)電(dian)的(de)檢查和處(chu)理：

(1)首先查(cha)看車鎖是否關(guan)斷。未關(guan)斷時，控制器儀表等仍處于工作狀(zhuang)態，有小電放(fang)逐(zhu)電(約30mA-150mA)。時間(jian)一長，在1-4周(zhou)的時間(jian)就(jiu)會將電池完全放(fang)電甚至過放(fang)電。

(2)檢查電動車電源部(bu)位盡(jin)緣是否(fou)良好(hao)：檢查時，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)毫安(an)(an)表(biao)（萬(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)的毫安(an)(an)檔)串聯在電池的回路中，關斷車鎖，看是否(fou)有(you)微小電流(liu)通過。

(3)丈量(liang)蓄電(dian)池的端電(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)(shi)否一致(zhi)，測(ce)試蓄電(dian)池的自(zi)(zi)放電(dian)性能是(shi)(shi)否存(cun)在自(zi)(zi)放電(dian)過大的故(gu)障。

(4)電池在存放過程中二個月以內(nei)補(bu)充(chong)充(chong)電一次。防止自(zi)放電影響電池使(shi)用性能。

5、充電器(qi)一充就燒的檢查與(yu)處理：

此(ci)(ci)種故障(zhang)的檢(jian)查，首先(xian)檢(jian)查蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)連(lian)接是否(fou)正確，是否(fou)存在(zai)反極(ji)(ji)；另外察看蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)插(cha)座(zuo)極(ji)(ji)性(xing)座(zuo)極(ji)(ji)性(xing)是否(fou)接反，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器極(ji)(ji)性(xing)是否(fou)接反，造成過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)轉極(ji)(ji)。再檢(jian)查電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)座(zuo)或連(lian)線有無短路現象，反極(ji)(ji)短路必須排(pai)除。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)已充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)反極(ji)(ji)，對此(ci)(ci)先(xian)將其放完電(dian)(dian)(dian)(放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時溫度控制在(zai)50℃以(yi)內)，再用維護充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器連(lian)續(xu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)15-18h，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓恢(hui)復正常(chang)(chang)后(hou)作放電(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)查反復進(jin)行2-3次，容量恢(hui)復正常(chang)(chang)后(hou)即可投進(jin)使用，容量不(bu)足(zu)84min作報廢處理。

6、新(xin)電池裝車起動(dong)時，儀表顯(xian)示電壓(ya)降得快的(de)處理：

(1)檢查儀表(biao)顯示與(yu)電(dian)池容(rong)量是(shi)否相符。電(dian)池電(dian)源與(yu)容(rong)量的關系如下(xia)表(biao)：

2小(xiao)時(shi)率放(fang)電(dian)電(dian)壓與容量的關系(xi)：(單只12V電(dian)池(chi))

容量1009080706050403020100；

單格電壓12.6612.6012.5212.4312.3012.1311.9411.7411.4311.1810.50。

儀(yi)表顯示的電(dian)壓(ya)與電(dian)池容(rong)量(liang)關系不符(fu)合(he)上表時，就(jiu)要求廠(chang)家調整使之符(fu)合(he)上述電(dian)壓(ya)與容(rong)量(liang)之間的關系。

(2)檢查電動車蓄電(dian)池連接線是否(fou)可靠(kao)，有無(wu)短路等。有則排除之。

(3)檢查電(dian)(dian)動助(zhu)力(li)車(che)起動和運行(xing)電(dian)(dian)流是(shi)(shi)否(fou)過大。若(ruo)是(shi)(shi)過大(起動電(dian)(dian)流在15A以上，運行(xing)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)流6A以上)與電(dian)(dian)動助(zhu)力(li)車(che)廠家(jia)聯系對車(che)輛進行(xing)改(gai)進。

(4)檢查蓄電(dian)池容量是否偏低(di)。若是偏低(di)，應(ying)對電(dian)池進行維護充放電(dian)。

7、"落(luo)后"電池的檢查與處(chu)理：

(1)首先將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行一(yi)般性的(de)維護充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，然后(hou)用5A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)(fang)逐(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中不(bu)(bu)斷地丈量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，將(jiang)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)不(bu)(bu)足的(de)"落后(hou)"電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)選出來給予(yu)處理。先補(bu)加蒸餾水(shui)至恰好看到活動液體出現(xian)，再(zai)繼續充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)12-15h，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時留意電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)溫度(du)不(bu)(bu)要超過50℃，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)后(hou)靜置0.5h-4h，重作5A放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中丈量(liang)單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)數值。若放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間達不(bu)(bu)到標(biao)準(zhun)或者單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓到了1.75V放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間與正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)相差較大者，則還應重復上述(shu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)程(cheng)序操縱(zong)，直到符合要求(qiu)為止。

(2)對(dui)"落后"電(dian)池(chi)的(de)處(chu)理：若是重復(fu)充放循環(huan)后，電(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量無(wu)明顯上升或仍為零(ling)伏(fu)左右(you)或很低，這種電(dian)池(chi)一(yi)般有短(duan)路存在或活(huo)性物(wu)質(zhi)嚴重脫落軟化，嚴重不(bu)可逆硫(liu)酸鹽化等，很可能(neng)不(bu)能(neng)修復(fu)。對(dui)符合(he)要求還可以繼續(xu)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)，就抽盡活(huo)動的(de)電(dian)解(jie)液，擦干(gan)凈表(biao)面安上帽閥，用(yong)PVC(或氯仿)粘(zhan)合(he)劑將面板粘(zhan)合(he)好，即可投進使(shi)用(yong)。

電動車蓄電池怎么更換

1、拆卸蓄電池

先將蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)連(lian)同蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)盒(he)一(yi)塊取(qu)下，置于(yu)工作臺上，卸(xie)下鎖(suo)緊(jin)螺(luo)釘等。小心(xin)將蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)盒(he)打開，用(yong)50W電(dian)(dian)(dian)烙(luo)鐵將蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)連(lian)線(xian)從蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端子上燙下，并立刻就用(yong)絕緣膠帶將蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端子包住(zhu)，以防止短路(lu)事故；焊(han)(han)接(jie)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之(zhi)間的連(lian)線(xian)時，可以焊(han)(han)下一(yi)個頭(tou)，拿住(zhu)接(jie)頭(tou)，再焊(han)(han)另一(yi)個接(jie)頭(tou)，焊(han)(han)下后將連(lian)線(xian)立即放到(dao)規定(ding)的地方，防止連(lian)線(xian)使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短路(lu)。

有些蓄電(dian)池在安裝時使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)粘接劑(ji)等將(jiang)蓄電(dian)池與蓄電(dian)池盒粘牢（一(yi)般采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)干膠），需要用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)力(li)拉蓄電(dian)池才能取出（但不(bu)得用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)力(li)過猛(meng)）。若操作有困難，可(ke)對蓄電(dian)池略為加熱，或用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)酒精(jing)等溶劑(ji)將(jiang)粘接劑(ji)溶下(xia)，然后將(jiang)蓄電(dian)池取出。最后應將(jiang)殘余的墊片或粘接劑(ji)等清除干凈，準(zhun)備安裝新蓄電(dian)池。

2、檢查

檢查(cha)所有連線質量(liang)，同時檢查(cha)保險座(zuo)、充電(dian)插(cha)座(zuo)，以(yi)及(ji)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)引(yin)出線接(jie)觸是否正常可(ke)靠，并緊固所有連接(jie)件。需要更換的應更換，并應重點考查(cha)其可(ke)靠性，不可(ke)靠者(zhe)一律更換（包括(kuo)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)盒等）。

3、安裝

按新蓄(xu)電(dian)池包裝箱內說(shuo)明(ming)書要求進行安(an)裝。

4、試用

經數次充放電使用考核正常后，方可投(tou)入(ru)正常運行(xing)。