【電(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)】電(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)常見故障(zhang)處理 電(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)怎么更換

電動車蓄電池常見故障處理

1、電池漏液的檢查與處(chu)理：

(1)漏液(ye)有四種情況：一是(shi)(shi)上蓋與(yu)底槽之間密封性不好或(huo)因碰撞(zhuang)，封口膠(jiao)開裂(lie)造(zao)成；二是(shi)(shi)安全閥滲漏液(ye)；三是(shi)(shi)接線端處滲酸(suan)漏液(ye)；四是(shi)(shi)其(qi)他部(bu)份出現滲酸(suan)液(ye)漏液(ye)。

(2)檢查與處理方法：先作外觀檢查，找出滲酸漏液部位。取開面板看安全閥有無滲酸漏液痕跡，再打開安全閥觀察電動車電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部(bu)有無活動的電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)。作了上述工作之后(hou)若仍未發現異常(chang)，應做氣密(mi)性測試(放進水中加(jia)壓(ya)充氣，觀(guan)察(cha)(cha)有無氣泡(pao)產生并冒出(chu)，有氣泡(pao)說(shuo)明有滲酸、漏(lou)液(ye))，最(zui)后(hou)在充電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，觀(guan)察(cha)(cha)有活動電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)應將其抽出(chu)。

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2、電池充不進電的檢查與處理：

(1)首先檢(jian)查充電回路的連接(jie)是否(fou)可(ke)靠，檢(jian)查連線與(yu)插頭接(jie)觸是否(fou)完好，認真檢(jian)查插座和插頭有否(fou)"打火"燒弧現(xian)象，有無線路損(sun)傷(shang)斷線等(deng)。

(2)檢(jian)查(cha)充(chong)電器有無損壞，充(chong)電參數(shu)是否符合要求。

(3)最后查看電池內部是否有干涸現象(xiang)，即(ji)電池缺液嚴(yan)重。

(4)還(huan)應檢查極(ji)板是否存在不可(ke)逆(ni)轉硫酸鹽(yan)化(hua)：極(ji)板不可(ke)逆(ni)轉酸鹽(yan)化(hua)，可(ke)通過充放電(dian)(dian)測其端電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)變化(hua)來判定(ding)。在充電(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓上升特(te)別快，某些單格電(dian)(dian)壓特(te)別高(gao)，超出(chu)正常(chang)很多；放電(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)壓下降(jiang)特(te)別快，電(dian)(dian)池不存電(dian)(dian)或(huo)存電(dian)(dian)很少。出(chu)現上述情(qing)況(kuang)可(ke)判定(ding)電(dian)(dian)池出(chu)現不可(ke)逆(ni)轉硫酸鹽(yan)化(hua)。

(5)上(shang)述故障的(de)處理：先將(jiang)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路連接牢固，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)不(bu)(bu)正常應(ying)(ying)更換。干涸的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)應(ying)(ying)補(bu)加純(chun)水(shui)或1.050的(de)硫酸(suan)進(jin)(jin)行維護充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。假如(ru)發現有(you)不(bu)(bu)可逆(ni)硫酸(suan)鹽化(hua)，應(ying)(ying)進(jin)(jin)行均衡(heng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。干涸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)加液后的(de)維護充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)應(ying)(ying)控制最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)1.8A充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)10-15小時，三只電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓約在13.4V/只以(yi)上(shang)為好(hao)。假如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之(zhi)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓差別較大，先將(jiang)其放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，再作維護充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。不(bu)(bu)可逆(ni)硫酸(suan)鹽化(hua)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)補(bu)加液以(yi)后(恰好(hao)出現活(huo)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液)用0.05-0.15C2A的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)20h左(zuo)右(you)，然(ran)(ran)后1.5A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)逐電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓10.5V/只，反復1-3次(ci)直到消(xiao)除不(bu)(bu)可逆(ni)硫酸(suan)鹽化(hua)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量恢復正常為止(zhi)。然(ran)(ran)后抽(chou)盡活(huo)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液，蓋上(shang)帽閥等(deng)即可重新投(tou)進(jin)(jin)使用。

3、電池變形(xing)(鼓肚)的檢查與處理：

(1)一組電(dian)池(chi)(三(san)只)同時變(bian)(bian)形先作電(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)查(cha)，假如電(dian)壓(ya)基本正常，說明(ming)沒有短路(lu)存在，變(bian)(bian)形是過充(chong)電(dian)產生"熱失控"所(suo)致。應(ying)檢(jian)查(cha)充(chong)電(dian)的充(chong)電(dian)參數(shu)。電(dian)壓(ya)偏(pian)高(gao)(高(gao)于44.7V以(yi)上)無(wu)過充(chong)電(dian)保(bao)護或(huo)涓流轉換點電(dian)流偏(pian)低者(zhe)(低于0.3A以(yi)下(xia))要更換充(chong)電(dian)器。

(2)一組三只(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池中只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)1只(zhi)(zhi)或2只(zhi)(zhi)變形(xing)有(you)以下可(ke)(ke)能性(xing)：一種(zhong)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不一致(zhi)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時造(zao)成(cheng)某些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引起變形(xing)，荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不一致(zhi)的原因，可(ke)(ke)能有(you)短路單格存(cun)在，也可(ke)(ke)能是過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等；第(di)二種(zhong)是某些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池出現不可(ke)(ke)逆轉(zhuan)硫酸(suan)鹽化，內阻(zu)增(zeng)大(da)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發熱(re)造(zao)成(cheng)變形(xing)。未變形(xing)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池應檢查放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量以及自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特性(xing)。若(ruo)無異常則不屬于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池題目(mu)。

4、電動自行車存放一段時間(jian)電(dian)池不存電(dian)的檢查(cha)和處理：

(1)首先查看車鎖是否關斷。未(wei)關斷時(shi)，控(kong)制(zhi)器儀表等仍處于(yu)工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態，有小電放(fang)(fang)逐電(約30mA-150mA)。時(shi)間一長，在1-4周的時(shi)間就會(hui)將電池完全放(fang)(fang)電甚(shen)至(zhi)過放(fang)(fang)電。

(2)檢(jian)查電(dian)動(dong)車(che)電(dian)源部位盡緣是(shi)(shi)否良好：檢(jian)查時，可用毫安表（萬(wan)用表的毫安檔)串聯在電(dian)池的回路中，關斷車(che)鎖，看是(shi)(shi)否有微小(xiao)電(dian)流通(tong)過。

(3)丈量蓄電池(chi)的端電壓是(shi)否(fou)一致，測試(shi)蓄電池(chi)的自放電性能是(shi)否(fou)存在自放電過大的故(gu)障。

(4)電池在存放過程中(zhong)二個月以內補充充電一次(ci)。防止(zhi)自(zi)放電影響電池使用性能。

5、充電器一充就(jiu)燒(shao)的檢查與(yu)處理：

此(ci)種故障的檢(jian)查(cha)，首先檢(jian)查(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)連(lian)接是(shi)否正確，是(shi)否存在(zai)反(fan)極；另(ling)外察看蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)插座極性(xing)座極性(xing)是(shi)否接反(fan)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器極性(xing)是(shi)否接反(fan)，造成過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)轉極。再檢(jian)查(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)座或連(lian)線有無(wu)短路(lu)現象，反(fan)極短路(lu)必須排除。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)已充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反(fan)極，對此(ci)先將(jiang)其(qi)放完(wan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時溫度控制(zhi)在(zai)50℃以內)，再用維護(hu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器連(lian)續充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)15-18h，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓恢復正常后(hou)作放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)查(cha)反(fan)復進行2-3次，容量(liang)恢復正常后(hou)即可投進使用，容量(liang)不足(zu)84min作報廢處理。

6、新(xin)電(dian)池裝(zhuang)車起(qi)動時，儀表(biao)顯示(shi)電(dian)壓降得快(kuai)的處理(li)：

(1)檢查儀(yi)表顯示(shi)與電(dian)池容(rong)量是(shi)否相符。電(dian)池電(dian)源與容(rong)量的關系如(ru)下表：

2小時(shi)率放電(dian)電(dian)壓與容量的關系：(單只12V電(dian)池)

容量1009080706050403020100；

單(dan)格電壓12.6612.6012.5212.4312.3012.1311.9411.7411.4311.1810.50。

儀表(biao)顯示的電(dian)壓與(yu)電(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)關(guan)(guan)系不符合上(shang)表(biao)時，就要求(qiu)廠家調整使之(zhi)符合上(shang)述電(dian)壓與(yu)容量(liang)之(zhi)間(jian)的關(guan)(guan)系。

(2)檢查電動車蓄電池連接(jie)線是否可靠(kao)，有無短路(lu)等(deng)。有則排除之。

(3)檢查電動(dong)助力車(che)起(qi)動(dong)和(he)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)電流是否過大。若是過大(起(qi)動(dong)電流在15A以(yi)上，運(yun)行(xing)(xing)時電流6A以(yi)上)與電動(dong)助力車(che)廠家聯(lian)系對車(che)輛進(jin)行(xing)(xing)改進(jin)。

(4)檢查(cha)蓄電(dian)池(chi)容量是否(fou)偏低。若(ruo)是偏低，應對電(dian)池(chi)進行維護充放電(dian)。

7、"落后"電池的(de)檢(jian)查與處理：

(1)首先(xian)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行(xing)一般性的(de)維護充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，然(ran)后用5A電(dian)(dian)(dian)放逐(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中不斷地(di)丈量電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，將(jiang)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量不足的(de)"落后"電(dian)(dian)(dian)池選(xuan)出來給予處理。先(xian)補加蒸餾水至恰(qia)好(hao)看到(dao)活動液(ye)體出現，再(zai)繼續充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)12-15h，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時留意電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)溫度不要超過(guo)(guo)(guo)50℃，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束后靜(jing)置0.5h-4h，重作5A放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中丈量單(dan)格電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)數值。若放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間達不到(dao)標準或者(zhe)單(dan)格電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)到(dao)了1.75V放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間與正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)池相差較大(da)者(zhe)，則(ze)還應重復上述(shu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)程(cheng)(cheng)序操縱，直(zhi)到(dao)符(fu)合要求為(wei)止。

(2)對"落(luo)后"電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)處理：若是重復充放循環后，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量無明顯上升或(huo)仍為零伏左右(you)或(huo)很低，這種電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)一般有短路存在或(huo)活性物質嚴重脫落(luo)軟化，嚴重不可(ke)(ke)逆硫酸鹽化等，很可(ke)(ke)能(neng)不能(neng)修(xiu)復。對符(fu)合(he)要求還(huan)可(ke)(ke)以繼(ji)續使用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，就抽盡(jin)活動的(de)電(dian)(dian)解液，擦干凈表(biao)面安(an)上帽閥(fa)，用(yong)PVC(或(huo)氯仿)粘合(he)劑將面板粘合(he)好，即可(ke)(ke)投進使用(yong)。

電動車蓄電池怎么更換

1、拆卸蓄電池

先將蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)連(lian)同(tong)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)盒一塊取下，置于(yu)工作臺上，卸下鎖緊螺(luo)釘(ding)等。小心將蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)盒打開，用50W電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙鐵將蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)連(lian)線從蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)端子(zi)(zi)上燙下，并立刻就(jiu)用絕緣膠帶(dai)將蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)端子(zi)(zi)包住，以(yi)(yi)防(fang)止短路(lu)事故；焊(han)接蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)之間的連(lian)線時，可以(yi)(yi)焊(han)下一個(ge)頭(tou)，拿住接頭(tou)，再(zai)焊(han)另一個(ge)接頭(tou)，焊(han)下后將連(lian)線立即放到(dao)規定(ding)的地方，防(fang)止連(lian)線使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)短路(lu)。

有些蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)在(zai)安裝時(shi)使用(yong)粘接劑(ji)等將(jiang)(jiang)蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)與蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)盒粘牢（一般采用(yong)不干(gan)膠），需要用(yong)力拉蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)才能取出（但不得用(yong)力過(guo)猛(meng)）。若操作有困難(nan)，可對蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)略為加熱，或用(yong)酒精等溶(rong)劑(ji)將(jiang)(jiang)粘接劑(ji)溶(rong)下，然后(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)取出。最后(hou)應將(jiang)(jiang)殘余的墊(dian)片或粘接劑(ji)等清除干(gan)凈，準備安裝新蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)。

2、檢查

檢查(cha)(cha)所有連線(xian)質(zhi)量，同時檢查(cha)(cha)保險座、充(chong)電(dian)插座，以及蓄電(dian)池引出線(xian)接觸是否(fou)正常可(ke)(ke)靠，并(bing)緊(jin)固所有連接件。需要(yao)更換(huan)的應(ying)更換(huan)，并(bing)應(ying)重(zhong)點考查(cha)(cha)其(qi)可(ke)(ke)靠性，不可(ke)(ke)靠者一律更換(huan)（包括蓄電(dian)池盒等）。

3、安裝

按新(xin)蓄電(dian)池包裝箱內說(shuo)明書(shu)要求進(jin)行(xing)安(an)裝。

4、試用

經數次充(chong)放(fang)電使用(yong)考核正常(chang)后，方可投(tou)入(ru)正常(chang)運(yun)行。