一、壓縮空氣儲能原理是什么

壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)儲能主要利(li)用(yong)電(dian)網負荷低谷時的剩余(yu)電(dian)力壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)，并將其儲藏在高(gao)壓(ya)密封(feng)設施內，在用(yong)電(dian)高(gao)峰釋放出來驅動燃氣(qi)輪機發(fa)電(dian)，壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)儲能原(yuan)理(li)如下：

壓縮空氣儲能是利(li)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)負荷低(di)谷(gu)時(shi)的(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)量，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)入作(zuo)為(wei)儲氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)的(de)密閉大容量地下空(kong)間，即將(jiang)不可儲存(cun)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉(zhuan)化成可儲存(cun)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)勢能(neng)并儲存(cun)于貯(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)中(zhong)。當系(xi)統(tong)(tong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量不足時(shi)，將(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)經換熱器(qi)與油或天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)混合(he)(he)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)，導入燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)做功發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)調(diao)峰需要。壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、貯(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)等組成的(de)蓄(xu)能(neng)子(zi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站低(di)谷(gu)的(de)低(di)價電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)通(tong)過壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)儲存(cun)在巖穴、廢棄礦井等貯(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)中(zhong)，蓄(xu)能(neng)時(shi)通(tong)過聯(lian)軸器(qi)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)耦(ou)合(he)(he)，與燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)解耦(ou)合(he)(he)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)高(gao)峰負荷時(shi)，利(li)用壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)驅動(dong)(dong)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)室(shi)以及加熱器(qi)等發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)與燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)耦(ou)合(he)(he)，與壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)解耦(ou)合(he)(he)。

二、壓縮空氣儲能優缺點有哪些

1、壓縮空(kong)氣儲能(neng)主要優勢是規模大、壽(shou)命長、成本較低和儲能(neng)時間長。它的規模可以(yi)(yi)達(da)(da)到百(bai)兆瓦級以(yi)(yi)上，儲能(neng)時間可達(da)(da)4—10小(xiao)時，甚至更長。由于都是機(ji)械裝置，正常維護情況下壽(shou)命可達(da)(da)30—50年。

2、壓縮空(kong)氣儲能(neng)劣(lie)勢在(zai)于：

（1）目前壓縮空(kong)氣儲能的(de)效率約為70%，與(yu)效率較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)電池（85%—90%）相(xiang)比相(xiang)對較(jiao)低。

（2）響應速度沒有電化學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)能快，負荷從0到(dao)100%的正(zheng)常響應時(shi)間需要(yao)3—9分鐘，而電化學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)能為秒級到(dao)毫秒級。壓縮空氣儲(chu)(chu)能系統只有作為旋轉備用時(shi)才可以(yi)達到(dao)秒級。

（3）一般情況(kuang)下(xia)不適合太小規模的應用場景，規模太小，系統效(xiao)率(lv)會下(xia)降，單位成本會增(zeng)加。