一、壓縮空氣儲能原理是什么
壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)儲能主要利用電網負荷低谷時的剩(sheng)余電力壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)(qi),并將(jiang)其儲藏在(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)密封設施內,在(zai)用電高(gao)峰釋(shi)放(fang)出來驅動燃氣(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機發電,壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)儲能原理如下:
壓縮空氣儲(chu)能是利(li)用電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)負(fu)(fu)荷低谷時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)量,由電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶動空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓縮機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),將空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓入作為儲(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)的(de)密閉大容量地下空(kong)(kong)間,即將不可(ke)儲(chu)存(cun)的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)轉化成可(ke)儲(chu)存(cun)的(de)壓縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓勢能(neng)(neng)并儲(chu)存(cun)于貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)中(zhong)。當系(xi)(xi)統(tong)發電(dian)(dian)量不足(zu)時(shi)(shi)(shi),將壓縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)經換(huan)熱(re)器與油(you)或天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)混合(he)燃(ran)(ran)燒,導入燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)做(zuo)功發電(dian)(dian),滿(man)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)調(diao)峰需要(yao)。壓氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)等(deng)組(zu)成的(de)蓄能(neng)(neng)子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)將電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)低谷的(de)低價電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)通過壓縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)儲(chu)存(cun)在巖穴、廢棄礦(kuang)井等(deng)貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)中(zhong),蓄能(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)通過聯(lian)軸器將電(dian)(dian)動發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和壓氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)耦合(he),與燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解耦合(he)。電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)高(gao)峰負(fu)(fu)荷時(shi)(shi)(shi),利(li)用壓縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)燃(ran)(ran)燒驅動燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發電(dian)(dian),燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、燃(ran)(ran)燒室(shi)(shi)以(yi)及加熱(re)器等(deng)發電(dian)(dian)子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong),發電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)動發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)耦合(he),與壓氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解耦合(he)。
二、壓縮空氣儲能優缺點有哪些
1、壓縮空(kong)氣儲(chu)能(neng)主要(yao)優勢是(shi)(shi)規(gui)模(mo)大、壽(shou)命長、成(cheng)本(ben)較低和(he)儲(chu)能(neng)時間(jian)長。它的規(gui)模(mo)可以達(da)到百兆瓦級以上,儲(chu)能(neng)時間(jian)可達(da)4—10小時,甚至更長。由于(yu)都是(shi)(shi)機械(xie)裝置(zhi),正常維護(hu)情況下壽(shou)命可達(da)30—50年。
2、壓縮空氣儲(chu)能劣勢在(zai)于:
(1)目前壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣儲(chu)能的(de)效率約(yue)為70%,與效率較高(gao)的(de)電池(85%—90%)相比(bi)相對較低。
(2)響應(ying)速度沒有(you)(you)電化學儲能快,負荷從(cong)0到100%的(de)正常響應(ying)時間需要3—9分鐘,而電化學儲能為秒(miao)級(ji)(ji)到毫(hao)秒(miao)級(ji)(ji)。壓縮空(kong)氣儲能系統只(zhi)有(you)(you)作(zuo)為旋轉(zhuan)備用時才可以(yi)達到秒(miao)級(ji)(ji)。
(3)一般情況下(xia)(xia)不適合(he)太(tai)小規(gui)模(mo)的應用場(chang)景,規(gui)模(mo)太(tai)小,系統效率會下(xia)(xia)降,單位(wei)成本會增加。