一、壓縮空氣儲能原理是什么

壓縮(suo)空氣(qi)儲(chu)(chu)能主(zhu)要利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)網負荷低谷時的剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)力壓縮(suo)空氣(qi)，并將其儲(chu)(chu)藏在高壓密封設施內，在用(yong)電(dian)(dian)高峰釋(shi)放出(chu)來(lai)驅動燃(ran)氣(qi)輪機發電(dian)(dian)，壓縮(suo)空氣(qi)儲(chu)(chu)能原(yuan)理如下：

壓縮空氣儲能是利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)負荷低(di)谷時(shi)的(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)縮機(ji)(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)入(ru)作為儲(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)的(de)密閉大容量(liang)地下空(kong)間，即將(jiang)不可儲(chu)存的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)轉化成可儲(chu)存的(de)壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)勢(shi)能(neng)(neng)并儲(chu)存于(yu)貯(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)中。當系(xi)(xi)統(tong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不足(zu)時(shi)，將(jiang)壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)經換熱(re)(re)器與油或天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)混合(he)燃(ran)燒，導入(ru)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)做功發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)調峰需要。壓(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、貯(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)等(deng)組成的(de)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站低(di)谷的(de)低(di)價電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)通過壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)儲(chu)存在巖穴、廢棄礦井(jing)等(deng)貯(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)中，蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)時(shi)通過聯軸器將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和壓(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)耦(ou)合(he)，與燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)解耦(ou)合(he)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)高峰負荷時(shi)，利用壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)燃(ran)燒驅動(dong)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、燃(ran)燒室(shi)以及加熱(re)(re)器等(deng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)與燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)耦(ou)合(he)，與壓(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)解耦(ou)合(he)。

二、壓縮空氣儲能優缺點有哪些

1、壓縮空氣儲能主要(yao)優(you)勢是規模(mo)大、壽命長、成本(ben)較(jiao)低和(he)儲能時間長。它(ta)的規模(mo)可以達到百兆(zhao)瓦級以上，儲能時間可達4—10小時，甚至更長。由于都是機械裝(zhuang)置，正常維護情況下壽命可達30—50年。

2、壓縮空氣儲能劣(lie)勢在于：

（1）目(mu)前(qian)壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣儲(chu)能的(de)效率(lv)約為70%，與效率(lv)較高的(de)電池（85%—90%）相(xiang)比相(xiang)對較低。

（2）響(xiang)(xiang)應速度沒有電化學儲能快，負荷從0到(dao)100%的正(zheng)常響(xiang)(xiang)應時(shi)間需要3—9分鐘，而電化學儲能為(wei)秒級到(dao)毫秒級。壓(ya)縮空氣儲能系統只有作為(wei)旋轉備用(yong)時(shi)才可以達到(dao)秒級。

（3）一般情況下不適(shi)合太小規(gui)(gui)模(mo)的(de)應用場景(jing)，規(gui)(gui)模(mo)太小，系統效率(lv)會下降，單(dan)位成本(ben)會增加。