一、壓縮空氣儲能原理是什么

壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)儲(chu)(chu)能主(zhu)要利用(yong)電網負荷低谷時的剩(sheng)余電力壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)，并將其(qi)儲(chu)(chu)藏在高壓(ya)(ya)密封設施內(nei)，在用(yong)電高峰釋放(fang)出(chu)來驅動燃(ran)氣(qi)輪機發電，壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)儲(chu)(chu)能原理如(ru)下：

壓縮空氣儲能是利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)負荷(he)低谷(gu)時的(de)(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)入作為儲(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)密閉大容量(liang)地下空間，即將(jiang)不可儲(chu)存(cun)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉(zhuan)化(hua)成(cheng)可儲(chu)存(cun)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)勢能(neng)并(bing)儲(chu)存(cun)于(yu)貯(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)中。當系(xi)統(tong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不足時，將(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)經(jing)換熱(re)器與(yu)油或天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)混(hun)合(he)(he)燃燒(shao)，導(dao)入燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)做功發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)調峰需要(yao)。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、貯(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)等組成(cheng)的(de)(de)蓄能(neng)子系(xi)統(tong)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站低谷(gu)的(de)(de)低價電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)通過壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)儲(chu)存(cun)在巖穴、廢棄礦井等貯(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)中，蓄能(neng)時通過聯軸器將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)耦(ou)(ou)合(he)(he)，與(yu)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)解耦(ou)(ou)合(he)(he)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)高峰負荷(he)時，利用(yong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)燃燒(shao)驅動(dong)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、燃燒(shao)室(shi)(shi)以及(ji)加熱(re)器等發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子系(xi)統(tong)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)耦(ou)(ou)合(he)(he)，與(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)解耦(ou)(ou)合(he)(he)。

二、壓縮空氣儲能優缺點有哪些

1、壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)儲能(neng)(neng)主(zhu)要優勢是規模大、壽(shou)(shou)命長(chang)、成本較低(di)和(he)儲能(neng)(neng)時(shi)間(jian)長(chang)。它的規模可以(yi)達(da)到百(bai)兆瓦級以(yi)上，儲能(neng)(neng)時(shi)間(jian)可達(da)4—10小時(shi)，甚至更(geng)長(chang)。由于(yu)都(dou)是機械裝置，正常(chang)維護情(qing)況下壽(shou)(shou)命可達(da)30—50年。

2、壓(ya)縮空氣儲能劣勢在于：

（1）目(mu)前壓縮(suo)空氣儲能的(de)效率(lv)約為70%，與效率(lv)較高的(de)電池（85%—90%）相比相對較低。

（2）響(xiang)應速度沒有電化學儲(chu)能快，負(fu)荷從0到(dao)100%的正常響(xiang)應時(shi)(shi)間(jian)需要3—9分鐘，而電化學儲(chu)能為(wei)秒(miao)級(ji)(ji)到(dao)毫秒(miao)級(ji)(ji)。壓縮空氣(qi)儲(chu)能系統只有作為(wei)旋轉備用時(shi)(shi)才可以達到(dao)秒(miao)級(ji)(ji)。

（3）一般(ban)情況下(xia)不(bu)適合太(tai)(tai)小(xiao)規模的應(ying)用(yong)場景(jing)，規模太(tai)(tai)小(xiao)，系統效率會下(xia)降，單位成本會增(zeng)加。