一、壓縮空氣儲能原理是什么

壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空氣儲能(neng)主要(yao)利用電網負(fu)荷低谷時的(de)剩余電力(li)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空氣，并將(jiang)其(qi)儲藏(zang)在高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)密封設施內，在用電高(gao)峰釋(shi)放(fang)出來(lai)驅動燃(ran)氣輪機發(fa)電，壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空氣儲能(neng)原(yuan)理如下(xia)：

壓縮空氣儲能是利(li)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)負荷低(di)谷時的(de)剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)(jiang)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)入作為儲(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)的(de)密閉大容量(liang)地(di)下空(kong)(kong)間，即將(jiang)(jiang)不可儲(chu)存(cun)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉化成可儲(chu)存(cun)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)勢能(neng)并(bing)儲(chu)存(cun)于貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)中。當系(xi)統(tong)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不足時，將(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)經換熱器與(yu)(yu)油(you)或天然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)混合(he)燃(ran)(ran)燒，導入燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)做功(gong)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)調峰需要。壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)等組成的(de)蓄(xu)能(neng)子(zi)系(xi)統(tong)將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站低(di)谷的(de)低(di)價電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)儲(chu)存(cun)在巖穴(xue)、廢棄礦(kuang)井等貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)中，蓄(xu)能(neng)時通(tong)過(guo)(guo)聯軸器將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)耦合(he)，與(yu)(yu)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解耦合(he)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)高峰負荷時，利(li)用壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)燃(ran)(ran)燒驅動(dong)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)，燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、燃(ran)(ran)燒室(shi)以及加熱器等發電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)系(xi)統(tong)，發電(dian)(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)耦合(he)，與(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解耦合(he)。

二、壓縮空氣儲能優缺點有哪些

1、壓縮空氣儲能(neng)主要優勢是(shi)規(gui)模大、壽命長、成本較低和儲能(neng)時間(jian)長。它的規(gui)模可以(yi)達到(dao)百兆瓦(wa)級以(yi)上，儲能(neng)時間(jian)可達4—10小時，甚至更長。由(you)于(yu)都(dou)是(shi)機(ji)械裝置，正(zheng)常維護(hu)情況下壽命可達30—50年(nian)。

2、壓縮空氣儲能劣(lie)勢在于：

（1）目前壓縮空氣儲能(neng)的效(xiao)率約為70%，與效(xiao)率較高的電池(chi)（85%—90%）相(xiang)比(bi)相(xiang)對較低。

（2）響(xiang)應(ying)速度沒(mei)有(you)電化學儲能(neng)(neng)快，負(fu)荷從0到100%的正常響(xiang)應(ying)時(shi)間需要3—9分鐘(zhong)，而電化學儲能(neng)(neng)為秒(miao)級到毫秒(miao)級。壓縮空氣儲能(neng)(neng)系統只有(you)作為旋轉備用時(shi)才可以(yi)達到秒(miao)級。

（3）一般(ban)情(qing)況下不適(shi)合太小(xiao)(xiao)規模的(de)應用場景，規模太小(xiao)(xiao)，系(xi)統(tong)效率會(hui)(hui)下降，單(dan)位成本(ben)會(hui)(hui)增(zeng)加(jia)。