一、光衰減器有什么作用
光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)衰減(jian)器(qi)是光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)子(zi)學中(zhong)廣泛應用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種器(qi)件(jian),它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)主要作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)就是對光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)功率進行衰減(jian),能夠有效地調節(jie)入射(she)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)度,起到控制光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信號亮度的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),在許多光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學系統和(he)通信系統中(zhong),光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)衰減(jian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是必(bi)不(bu)(bu)可少的(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)般來說,光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)衰減(jian)器(qi)主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)于調節(jie)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信號的(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)度,使(shi)其達(da)到所需的(de)(de)(de)范圍或者(zhe)匹配其他器(qi)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)點。在光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)通信系統中(zhong),光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)衰減(jian)器(qi)可以用(yong)(yong)(yong)來控制光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信號的(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)度,以便在不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)傳輸距離和(he)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)系統要求下保持光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信號在適(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)功率范圍內。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)衰減(jian)器(qi)也可以用(yong)(yong)(yong)于建立動態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信號衰減(jian),以模擬現實環境(jing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)衰減(jian)情(qing)況(kuang),從而測(ce)試和(he)驗證光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)系統的(de)(de)(de)魯棒(bang)性(xing)和(he)性(xing)能。
二、光衰減器原理是什么
光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)器是能(neng)降低光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信號(hao)能(neng)量的(de)一(yi)種光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)器件,用(yong)于對輸入光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)功率(lv)的(de)調整(zheng),從而(er)達到光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)路上所(suo)需要的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)功率(lv),它的(de)工作原(yuan)理(li)主要有三(san)種:1、位移(yi)原(yuan)理(li):利用(yong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)的(de)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)量隨其對中精(jing)度而(er)變化(hua)的(de)原(yuan)理(li),在(zai)對接光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)時,使(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)之間發生(sheng)一(yi)定位移(yi),從而(er)達到衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)一(yi)定光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)能(neng)量的(de)目的(de)。2、衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)片(pian)原(yuan)理(li):直接將具有吸收(shou)特性(xing)的(de)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)片(pian)固定在(zai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)路中,衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)片(pian)采用(yong)吸收(shou)型玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃片(pian)或在(zai)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃基片(pian)上鍍(du)吸收(shou)膜的(de)方法來制作,在(zai)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃基片(pian)上蒸鍍(du)透(tou)射系數(或反(fan)射系數變化(hua)很小的(de)金屬膜,使(shi)(shi)通過(guo)鍍(du)膜玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃片(pian)的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)功率(lv)被膜層材料吸收(shou)一(yi)部分,光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)強度受到衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)。3、智能(neng)電控原(yuan)理(li):通過(guo)電路控制微型電機,帶動(dong)(dong)齒條,使(shi)(shi)濾光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)片(pian)平移(yi),再將數據編碼盤檢測(ce)到的(de)實際衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)量信號(hao)反(fan)饋到電路中進行修正,從而(er)達到自(zi)動(dong)(dong)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)、自(zi)動(dong)(dong)檢測(ce)和顯(xian)示光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)量的(de)目的(de)。
三、光衰減器的使用方法
光(guang)(guang)(guang)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用方法相(xiang)(xiang)對簡單,一般來(lai)說,光(guang)(guang)(guang)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是通(tong)過調(diao)節其(qi)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)元件(jian)來(lai)實現(xian)對光(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)號(hao)強(qiang)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)節的(de)(de)(de)(de),以常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)變(bian)(bian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為例,其(qi)使用方法步驟是:1、連(lian)接(jie):將光(guang)(guang)(guang)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)與其(qi)他光(guang)(guang)(guang)學組件(jian)連(lian)接(jie),如(ru)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖、耦(ou)合器(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng),確保連(lian)接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定性(xing)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)學損耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)最小化。2、設置基準:在使用光(guang)(guang)(guang)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)之前,通(tong)常(chang)需要(yao)先(xian)進(jin)行基準設置,即確定初始(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)程度,可(ke)以通(tong)過控制光(guang)(guang)(guang)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)旋轉(zhuan)或移(yi)動部(bu)(bu)件(jian)來(lai)調(diao)整初始(shi)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)值。3、調(diao)節:根據實際需求,通(tong)過輕微調(diao)節旋轉(zhuan)或移(yi)動光(guang)(guang)(guang)衰(shuai)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)部(bu)(bu)件(jian),逐漸調(diao)整光(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)度,可(ke)以通(tong)過光(guang)(guang)(guang)功率計等(deng)測量設備來(lai)實時監測光(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)號(hao)強(qiang)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化,并(bing)進(jin)行相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)整。
四、光衰減器有哪些類型
1、按衰減功率分:(1)固定光衰減器:固定光衰減器的衰減功率固定(如1dB、5dB、10dB等),一個-3dB的光衰減器的衰減功率為3dB。這種光衰減器一般用于電信網絡、光纖測試設備、局域網(LAN)和有線電視(CATV)系統。固定光衰減器又可以分為在線式和連接器式。(2)可調光衰減器:可調光衰減器的衰減功率不是一成不變的,而是隨著條件的變化而變化,其變化跨度有0.5dB、20dB、50dB等,有的甚至達到0.1dB和0.01dB的精度。可調光衰減器一般用于光纖的精確測試和測量,同時也在摻鉺光纖放大器的場合廣泛使用,其作用是均衡不同通道內的光信號功率。2、按接口類型分:(1)SC光衰減器:應用于SC光纖接口,與RJ-45接口類似,但是SC接口更扁,里面的觸片是一根銅柱。(2)LC光衰減器:應用于LC光纖接口,可用于連接SFP模塊,采用模塊化插孔(RJ)閂鎖機理,操作方便,常用于路由器。(3)FC光衰減器:應用于FC光纖接口,外套采用金屬套包裹,緊固方式為螺絲扣。一般在ODF側采用,多用于配線架。(4)ST光衰減器:應用于ST光纖接口,外殼為圓形,采用螺絲扣緊固,常用于光纖配線架。3、按工作原理分:主要分為位移型光衰減器、衰減片型光衰減器和智能型光衰減器三種。光衰減器的類型眾多,一般要根據應用的需要選擇合適類型的,不管哪種類型的光衰減器,都要注意選一個靠譜的品牌,如果您不太了解,可以先來看看光衰減器十大品牌。