變壓器的原理
變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)理并不(bu)復雜,它利用了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感應(ying)原(yuan)(yuan)理。當其中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊導電(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)些不(bu)定量的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流通(tong)過,便(bian)會產生(sheng)(sheng)變(bian)動的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場。根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)互感原(yuan)(yuan)理,這(zhe)變(bian)動的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場會使(shi)第(di)二塊導電(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)產生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差。假如第(di)二塊導電(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)閉合電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)部份(fen),那么該閉合電(dian)(dian)(dian)路便(bian)會產生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)于(yu)是(shi)得(de)以傳送。在通(tong)用的(de)(de)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)中(zhong),有關的(de)(de)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)是(shi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)組成線(xian)圈(quan)(quan),因為線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)所產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場要(yao)比一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)筆直的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)大得(de)多(duo)。當初級(ji)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)通(tong)有交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)流時,鐵芯中(zhong)便(bian)產生(sheng)(sheng)交流磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong),使(shi)次級(ji)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)感應(ying)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。初級(ji)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)、次級(ji)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)VS,VP和兩(liang)者的(de)(de)繞線(xian)的(de)(de)匝數(shu)NS,NP之間(jian)有正比的(de)(de)關系。
至于變壓器兩方之間的電流或電壓比例,則取決于兩方電路線圈的圈數。圈數較多的一方電壓較高但電流較小,反之亦然。如果撇除泄漏等因素,變壓器兩方的電壓比例相等于兩方的線圈圈數比例,亦即電壓與圈數成正比。因此可以減小或者增加原線圈和副線圈的匝數比,從而升高或者降低電壓,變壓器品牌產品的這(zhe)個性質使它(ta)成為轉換電(dian)壓(ya)的重要設備(bei)。由于變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)遵守這(zhe)兩條定律,它(ta)不會是放大(da)器(qi)。如(ru)果處在變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)兩方(fang)的電(dian)壓(ya)有所不同,那么流經變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)兩方(fang)的電(dian)流也會不同,而兩者的差距則成反比。
干式變壓器和油浸式變壓器的區別
干式變壓(ya)器能直接看到(dao)鐵芯和線圈(quan),大(da)多使用(yong)硅橡膠套管,適用(yong)于(yu)配電(dian)(dian)用(yong),容(rong)量大(da)都在(zai)(zai)1600KVA以下,電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在(zai)(zai)10KV以下,也有個別做到(dao)35KV電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級的。油式變壓(ya)器只能看到(dao)變壓(ya)器的外殼,大(da)部(bu)分使用(yong)瓷套管,可用(yong)于(yu)高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路,可以從小(xiao)到(dao)大(da)做到(dao)全(quan)部(bu)容(rong)量,電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級也做到(dao)了所有電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。
變壓器的等級怎么劃分
變壓器的電壓等級是(shi)固(gu)定的,常見(jian)的有1000KV、750KV、500KV、330KV、220KV、110KV、66KV、35KV、20KV、10KV、6KV等等。變壓器的容量等級按照R10優先系數來計(ji)算的,可分為(wei)小型變壓器、中型變壓器、大型變壓器、特大型變壓器這四個等級。