變壓器的原理
變(bian)壓器的(de)(de)(de)原理并不(bu)復雜,它利用(yong)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)感(gan)應(ying)原理。當其中(zhong)一塊導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)有一些不(bu)定(ding)量的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流通(tong)過,便會產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)變(bian)動的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場。根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)互感(gan)原理,這變(bian)動的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場會使(shi)第(di)二塊導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差。假如第(di)二塊導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)是一條閉(bi)合電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)一部份,那么該(gai)閉(bi)合電(dian)(dian)(dian)路便會產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力于(yu)是得(de)以傳(chuan)送。在通(tong)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)壓器中(zhong),有關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)是由電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)組(zu)成線(xian)圈(quan),因為線(xian)圈(quan)所產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場要比一條筆(bi)直的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)大得(de)多。當初(chu)級(ji)線(xian)圈(quan)中(zhong)通(tong)有交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)流時(shi),鐵芯中(zhong)便產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)交流磁(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong),使(shi)次(ci)級(ji)線(xian)圈(quan)中(zhong)感(gan)應(ying)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。初(chu)級(ji)線(xian)圈(quan)、次(ci)級(ji)線(xian)圈(quan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓VS,VP和兩(liang)者的(de)(de)(de)繞線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)匝數NS,NP之間(jian)有正比的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)。
至于變壓器兩方之間的電流或電壓比例,則取決于兩方電路線圈的圈數。圈數較多的一方電壓較高但電流較小,反之亦然。如果撇除泄漏等因素,變壓器兩方的電壓比例相等于兩方的線圈圈數比例,亦即電壓與圈數成正比。因此可以減小或者增加原線圈和副線圈的匝數比,從而升高或者降低電壓,變壓器品牌產品的(de)(de)這個(ge)性(xing)質使它成(cheng)為轉換(huan)電壓(ya)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要設備。由于(yu)變(bian)壓(ya)器遵守這兩(liang)條(tiao)定(ding)律,它不(bu)會是放(fang)大器。如果處在變(bian)壓(ya)器兩(liang)方的(de)(de)電壓(ya)有所(suo)不(bu)同,那么流經變(bian)壓(ya)器兩(liang)方的(de)(de)電流也會不(bu)同,而兩(liang)者的(de)(de)差距則成(cheng)反(fan)比(bi)。
干式變壓器和油浸式變壓器的區別
干式變壓(ya)器(qi)能直接看到(dao)鐵芯和線圈,大(da)多使用(yong)硅橡膠套(tao)管,適用(yong)于(yu)配電用(yong),容量(liang)大(da)都在1600KVA以(yi)下,電壓(ya)在10KV以(yi)下,也有個(ge)別做到(dao)35KV電壓(ya)等級的。油(you)式變壓(ya)器(qi)只能看到(dao)變壓(ya)器(qi)的外(wai)殼,大(da)部分(fen)使用(yong)瓷套(tao)管,可用(yong)于(yu)高(gao)壓(ya)電路(lu),可以(yi)從小到(dao)大(da)做到(dao)全部容量(liang),電壓(ya)等級也做到(dao)了所(suo)有電壓(ya)。
變壓器的等級怎么劃分
變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的電壓(ya)(ya)等級(ji)(ji)是固(gu)定的,常見(jian)的有1000KV、750KV、500KV、330KV、220KV、110KV、66KV、35KV、20KV、10KV、6KV等等。變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的容量等級(ji)(ji)按照R10優先系數來計(ji)算的,可(ke)分為小型(xing)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)、中型(xing)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)、大(da)型(xing)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)、特大(da)型(xing)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)這四個等級(ji)(ji)。