目前我國已(yi)成為世(shi)界(jie)最(zui)大的(de)鞋類生產(chan)(chan)和(he)出口(kou)國,國內鞋類產(chan)(chan)業正在以15%的(de)速度持續發展(zhan),中國鞋類總產(chan)(chan)量已(yi)占世(shi)界(jie)總產(chan)(chan)量的(de)66%,成為全球最(zui)具競爭力的(de)鞋類生產(chan)(chan)和(he)出口(kou)貿易中心之一。
在中國的鞋類市場中,女鞋是增長最快,最具市場占有率的品類。目前的女鞋市 場已經發生了翻天覆地的變化,女鞋已經成為鞋類市場的重要部分,尤其是隨著女性 經濟能力的提升以及對時尚需求的多變性,女性對鞋子的要求不斷加大,中國市場上 女鞋品牌也不斷增多,達(da)芙(fu)妮、他(ta)她女(nv)鞋 、天意美等品牌成為(wei)市場的(de)主流(liu)代表。
然而,從各個鞋業上市公司2016年及2017上半年的財報情況來看,百麗國際在2018/19財政年(nian)(nian)報中宣(xuan)告(gao)集(ji)團上市(shi)10年(nian)(nian)來首次連續利潤下滑(hua),并在2019年(nian)(nian)上半年(nian)(nian)以57億美(mei)元賤價賣(mai)盤,市(shi)值較最(zui)高(gao)峰時縮水2/3。達芙妮2016年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)報顯示集(ji)團全年(nian)(nian)巨虧8.191億港元,是上年(nian)(nian)同期凈虧損(sun)的2.16倍(bei)。其他鞋業(ye)上市(shi)公(gong)司情況也都不容樂觀,這(zhe)是行業(ye)整體(ti)問題還(huan)是企業(ye)發展進程中無突破(po)性能力建設(she)和壁(bi)壘構建導致(zhi)的必然結果?
女鞋行業電商發展現狀
近年來,由于線上電商(shang)高(gao)速發展、新興(xing)品(pin)牌侵(qin)占國(guo)內(nei)市(shi)場(chang)以(yi)及消費趨(qu)勢改變等原因,中國(guo)女鞋(xie)行(xing)業受到巨(ju)(ju)大沖擊,曾(ceng)經風光無限的傳統行(xing)業巨(ju)(ju)頭面(mian)臨(lin)著門店業績急速下滑、關(guan)店潮等打擊。
據不(bu)完全統計,全國有200多(duo)個知名女鞋品牌活躍在各大電(dian)商平臺。在傳統營銷(xiao)模式(shi)下(xia)市(shi)(shi)場被幾大巨頭壟斷,然(ran)而在電(dian)商市(shi)(shi)場他(ta)們找(zhao)到生存發展(zhan)空(kong)間。9doo、AMlola、Artka、阿瑯士(shi)、阿么、艾(ai)芙伊迪、艾(ai)格新姿、艾(ai)可(ke)茜(qian)尼、艾(ai)美(mei)其等等,都是其中佼佼者。這也(ye)可(ke)以解釋了,為什么行業在處于增長情況,各大巨頭反(fan)而營收(shou)下(xia)降,虧(kui)損的(de)原因。新進(jin)入者不(bu)光侵吞了市(shi)(shi)場的(de)增量,還蠶食了巨頭的(de)市(shi)(shi)場份額。
女鞋消費者購買行為發生轉變
隨著消(xiao)費(fei)升級、城(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)進程及(ji)(ji)互聯網(wang)(wang)的(de)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)普及(ji)(ji),消(xiao)費(fei)者由原先一(yi)雙鞋(xie)(xie)多用(yong)轉化(hua)為按活動(dong)場景(jing)選擇合適的(de)鞋(xie)(xie)子來搭(da)配服裝(zhuang);同時還會通(tong)過(guo)電商網(wang)(wang)站、社交(jiao)媒體及(ji)(ji)時尚(shang)論壇等獲取女鞋(xie)(xie)潮(chao)流和(he)最優購買渠(qu)道(dao)信(xin)息(xi),多樣(yang)的(de)信(xin)息(xi)及(ji)(ji)豐富(fu)的(de)物質(zhi)推(tui)動(dong)了消(xiao)費(fei)者隨機購買行為幾率的(de)提(ti)高。因(yin)此,需要廣泛的(de)全(quan)(quan)渠(qu)道(dao)覆蓋、良好的(de)頁(ye)面(mian)內容(rong)展示/門店(dian)陳列以及(ji)(ji)優質(zhi)的(de)產品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)來吸引更多的(de)消(xiao)費(fei)者。
從女鞋銷售渠(qu)(qu)道看,街店(dian)百貨仍是主渠(qu)(qu)道,電商增長最快。未來五年內,一(yi)線市場女鞋消(xiao)費將呈現電商、購物中(zhong)心、百貨三足(zu)鼎立態勢(shi)。電商持續快速(su)(su)增長,未來總體占比將超20%。經濟發達(da)的東南(nan)沿海地(di)區(qu)在互聯網趨勢(shi)下成為線上銷售主力軍,中(zhong)西部地(di)區(qu)在移動互聯的推動下有機(ji)會迎來快速(su)(su)發展。
雖然女鞋(xie)行業受宏觀(guan)經濟影響而出現增(zeng)速略微放(fang)緩,但預計女鞋(xie)整(zheng)體市(shi)場將(jiang)持續增(zeng)長。2015年,整(zheng)體市(shi)場規模達到1790億元,預期2015-2020年增(zeng)速約5.7%,2020年的女鞋(xie)市(shi)場規模將(jiang)超(chao)過(guo)2300億元。
隨著人(ren)民生活水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)提高、健康意識增強推動(dong)運動(dong)用(yong)品(pin)需求量提升,消費者運動(dong)日趨(qu)專(zhuan)業(ye)化帶來運動(dong)裝備的(de)(de)(de)升級(ji)需求將帶動(dong)運動(dong)類女鞋(xie)加速增長。而在消費升級(ji)與低價時尚(shang)穿搭(da)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)共同作用(yong)下,非(fei)運動(dong)女鞋(xie)的(de)(de)(de)增速將放緩。
未來中(zhong)國女鞋業(ye)的發展必(bi)然要從(cong)(cong)低端(duan)市場(chang)(chang)走向(xiang)中(zhong)高端(duan)市場(chang)(chang),要從(cong)(cong)數量(liang)型(xing)向(xiang)品質(zhi)型(xing)和(he)效益型(xing)轉變,產業(ye)升級換代是必(bi)走之路,因而(er),從(cong)(cong)數量(liang)上看,中(zhong)國女鞋的生產量(liang)和(he)出口量(liang)或(huo)許今后將有(you)所下降,但品質(zhi)將得到提升,產品價(jia)格和(he)出口總值(zhi)將會不(bu)斷增長。
而中國制鞋業發展目標應是產業的國際化,和市場的全球化。制(zhi)鞋企(qi)業應加強品(pin)(pin)牌意識,實施“品(pin)(pin)牌國際化(hua)戰略”,提(ti)升產品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)牌附加值。同(tong)時,企(qi)業加大質量(liang)、設計等方面(mian)的(de)科研(yan)投(tou)入,提(ti)高產品(pin)(pin)的(de)利潤(run)率水(shui)平(ping)。以(yi)長袖善舞的(de)優勢(shi)占領國際市場(chang)空間,實現(xian)制(zhi)鞋業的(de)可(ke)持續發(fa)展。
25.48%(478家) |
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4.69%(88家) |
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11.41%(214家) |
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2.08%(39家) |
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0.32%(6家) |
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0.48%(9家) |
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32.78%(615家) |
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19.51%(366家) |
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8.37%(157家) |
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0.91%(17家) |
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0.21%(4家) |
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0.53%(10家) |
2021年網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)站數據庫共收(shou)(shou)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)1876家(jia)(jia)(jia),其中小品牌(pai)(pai)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)占總比最多,達到615家(jia)(jia)(jia),其次為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)品牌(pai)(pai)旗艦店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),收(shou)(shou)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)478家(jia)(jia)(jia),品牌(pai)(pai)特許(xu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)收(shou)(shou)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)366家(jia)(jia)(jia),京東旗艦店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)收(shou)(shou)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)214家(jia)(jia)(jia),京東特許(xu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)收(shou)(shou)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)157家(jia)(jia)(jia),京東自營(ying)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)收(shou)(shou)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)88家(jia)(jia)(jia),拼(pin)多多店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鋪收(shou)(shou)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)39家(jia)(jia)(jia),唯品會店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鋪收(shou)(shou)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)17家(jia)(jia)(jia),企(qi)業店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鋪收(shou)(shou)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)10家(jia)(jia)(jia),蘇寧旗艦店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)收(shou)(shou)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)9家(jia)(jia)(jia),蘇寧自營(ying)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)收(shou)(shou)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)6家(jia)(jia)(jia),品牌(pai)(pai)商城收(shou)(shou)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)4家(jia)(jia)(jia)。
有(you)業內(nei)(nei)(nei)人士表示,國(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)經濟低迷是導致女鞋企業業績(ji)、利潤受影響的(de)最主要原因。但更深層的(de)原因在(zai)于(yu),國(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)女鞋品牌(pai)“內(nei)(nei)(nei)功(gong)”不(bu)足,對市(shi)場(chang)的(de)反應和創新意識都有(you)所欠缺,無法滿(man)足消費升級下的(de)國(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)市(shi)場(chang)需求(qiu)。近年冒出(chu)來的(de)國(guo)外(wai)女鞋品牌(pai)以及(ji)國(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)原創設(she)計品牌(pai),則(ze)憑借個性化(hua)的(de)設(she)計、追求(qiu)細節的(de)做(zuo)工等(deng),占領了(le)一定的(de)市(shi)場(chang)份額。