液氦到超流氦溫(wen)區大型低溫(wen)制冷裝(zhuang)備是(shi)航空航天(tian)、氫能源儲運、氦資源開發等領域以及(ji)一批大科學裝(zhuang)置(zhi)不可或缺(que)的核心基礎。而這樣的制冷裝(zhuang)備,我國多年來一直依(yi)賴進(jin)口。
2021年(nian)4月,國(guo)家重大科研裝備(bei)研制(zhi)(zhi)項目“液(ye)氦(hai)(hai)(hai)到(dao)超流氦(hai)(hai)(hai)溫區(qu)大型低(di)溫制(zhi)(zhi)冷系統研制(zhi)(zhi)”通(tong)過驗收及成(cheng)果鑒定,這意(yi)味著(zhu)我(wo)國(guo)已經具備(bei)了研制(zhi)(zhi)液(ye)氦(hai)(hai)(hai)溫度(du)4.2K(零(ling)下(xia)269攝(she)氏(shi)度(du))千瓦級(ji)和超流氦(hai)(hai)(hai)溫度(du)2K(零(ling)下(xia)271攝(she)氏(shi)度(du))百瓦級(ji)大型低(di)溫制(zhi)(zhi)冷裝備(bei)的能(neng)力。
“液(ye)氦(hai)到超流氦(hai)溫(wen)區大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)低溫(wen)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷系統(tong)研制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”項目(mu)由財政部支持(chi),中國科學院理(li)化技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)研究所(suo)承擔。項目(mu)取得了一系列(lie)核心(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)突破,包括大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)低溫(wen)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷系統(tong)整(zheng)機設(she)計體系構(gou)建及控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、系列(lie)化氣(qi)(qi)體軸承氦(hai)透平膨脹(zhang)機技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)超流氦(hai)負壓(ya)(ya)換熱器技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)高(gao)效氦(hai)氣(qi)(qi)噴油螺桿(gan)壓(ya)(ya)縮機技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、高(gao)穩定性(xing)離(li)心(xin)式(shi)冷壓(ya)(ya)縮機技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)復雜低溫(wen)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷系統(tong)集成(cheng)與(yu)調試(shi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)等(deng)。
我(wo)國研制的(de)(de)超流氦溫(wen)(wen)度百瓦級大(da)型制冷機已應用于寧夏鹽池(chi)液化天(tian)然氣(qi)(qi)閃蒸(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)提氦項目(mu)、加速器、核聚變大(da)科學(xue)裝(zhuang)置等,支撐(cheng)了(le)相關行(xing)業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。同(tong)時,項目(mu)還(huan)推動了(le)我(wo)國高端氦螺(luo)桿壓縮(suo)機、低溫(wen)(wen)換熱(re)器和低溫(wen)(wen)閥門等行(xing)業的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),初步形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)功能齊全、分工明確的(de)(de)低溫(wen)(wen)產業群。