1、充電樁充電原理

充電樁固定在地面，利用專用充電接口，采用傳導方式，為具有車載充電機的電動汽車提供交流電能，具有相應的通訊、計費和安全防護功能。市民只需要購買IC卡并充值，就可以使用充電樁為(wei)汽車充電了。

電動汽車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，用直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)按與(yu)(yu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)相反(fan)的方向通過蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，使它(ta)恢復工(gong)作能力，這個過程稱為蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池正(zheng)極與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)正(zheng)極相聯，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池負極與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)負極相聯，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓必須(xu)高于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢。

2、充電樁充電方式

充電(dian)方式有恒(heng)電(dian)流充電(dian)和恒(heng)電(dian)壓(ya)充電(dian)兩種。

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恒流充電法

恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)是用(yong)(yong)調整充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或改(gai)變與(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)，保持(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)強度不變的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)。控制(zhi)方法(fa)簡單(dan)，但由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)可接受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)能力(li)是隨著充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行而(er)逐漸(jian)下(xia)降的(de)(de)(de)，到充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)多用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水，產生氣體，使出氣過甚，因此(ci)，常選用(yong)(yong)階段(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。

恒壓充電法

充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓在全部充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間(jian)里保持恒(heng)(heng)定的(de)(de)數(shu)值，隨著蓄電(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)逐(zhu)漸升(sheng)高，電(dian)(dian)流逐(zhu)漸減(jian)少。與(yu)恒(heng)(heng)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法相比，其充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程更(geng)接近于最佳充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線(xian)。用恒(heng)(heng)定電(dian)(dian)壓快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，由于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)初期蓄電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)動勢較(jiao)低(di)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流很大(da)，隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)進行，電(dian)(dian)流將逐(zhu)漸減(jian)少，因此，只(zhi)需簡易控制系統。

3、直流充電樁和交流充電樁的區別

直流充電樁：直流電動汽車充電站，俗稱就是“快充”，它是固定安裝在電動汽車外，與交流電網連接，可以為非車載電動汽車動力電池提供直流電源的供電裝置。直流充電樁的輸入電壓采用三相四線AC380V±15%，頻率50Hz,輸出為可(ke)調直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，直接(jie)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)(de)動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于直流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)采用三相四(si)線(xian)制(zhi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，可(ke)以(yi)提供足夠的(de)(de)(de)功率，輸出的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)調整(zheng)范(fan)圍大，可(ke)以(yi)實現快充(chong)的(de)(de)(de)要求。

交流充電樁：交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁，俗稱(cheng)就(jiu)是“慢(man)充(chong)”，固(gu)定安裝在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)外、與交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網連接，為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)車(che)載(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機（即固(gu)定安裝在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)上(shang)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機）提供交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置。交(jiao)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁只提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)輸出，沒有充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)能，需連接車(che)載(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。相(xiang)當于只是起了一個控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)作用的(de)(de)。

兩者的區別：簡單來說，交流充電樁需要借助車載充電機來充電，直流快速充電樁不需要這個設備。二者在充電速度上差別較大，一輛純電動汽車（普通電池容量）完全放電后通過交流充電樁充滿需要8個(ge)小時，而(er)通過直流快速充電樁(zhuang)僅需(xu)要2到3個小時。交流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機提(ti)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)輸(shu)入，由于車載充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)并不(bu)(bu)大(da)，所以(yi)不(bu)(bu)能實(shi)現快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。直流(liu)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)是固定安裝(zhuang)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車外、與(yu)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網連(lian)接，可以(yi)為非車載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池提(ti)供直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置，直流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)可以(yi)提(ti)供足夠(gou)的(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)，輸(shu)出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)調整范圍大(da)，可以(yi)實(shi)現快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)要求。