1、充電樁充電原理

充電樁固定在地面，利用專用充電接口，采用傳導方式，為具有車載充電機的電動汽車提供交流電能，具有相應的通訊、計費和安全防護功能。市民只需要購買IC卡并充(chong)值，就可以使用充(chong)電(dian)樁為汽車充(chong)電(dian)了。

電動汽車蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，用(yong)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)按與(yu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)相反的(de)方向(xiang)通過(guo)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，使它(ta)恢復工作能力(li)，這個過(guo)程(cheng)稱為蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正極(ji)(ji)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)正極(ji)(ji)相聯，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)相聯，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)必須高于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)總(zong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)。

2、充電樁充電方式

充電方式有恒電流充電和恒電壓充電兩種(zhong)。

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恒流充電法

恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)是用(yong)調整充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或(huo)改(gai)變(bian)與蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的方法(fa)，保持充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)強度不變(bian)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)。控(kong)制方法(fa)簡單，但由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的可接受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)能力是隨著充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程的進(jin)行而逐漸(jian)下降的，到充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)多用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水，產生氣(qi)體，使(shi)出氣(qi)過(guo)(guo)甚，因此(ci)，常選用(yong)階段充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。

恒壓充電法

充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源的電(dian)(dian)壓在全(quan)部(bu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間(jian)里保(bao)持(chi)恒(heng)(heng)定(ding)的數(shu)值，隨著(zhu)蓄電(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)壓的逐漸升高，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐漸減少。與恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法相比，其充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程更(geng)接近于(yu)最(zui)佳充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)曲線。用恒(heng)(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，由于(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)初期蓄電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)較低，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)很大，隨著(zhu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的進行，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)將(jiang)逐漸減少，因此，只需簡易控制(zhi)系統。

3、直流充電樁和交流充電樁的區別

直流充電樁：直流電動汽車充電站，俗稱就是“快充”，它是固定安裝在電動汽車外，與交流電網連接，可以為非車載電動汽車動力電池提供直流電源的供電裝置。直流充電樁的輸入電壓采用三相四線AC380V±15%，頻率(lv)50Hz,輸出為可(ke)調(diao)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)，直接為電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車的(de)動力電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。由于直流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)采用三相(xiang)四線制供(gong)電(dian)(dian)，可(ke)以提供(gong)足夠的(de)功率，輸出的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)調(diao)整范(fan)圍大，可(ke)以實現快充(chong)的(de)要求。

交流充電樁：交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)，俗稱就是(shi)“慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)”，固(gu)定安裝在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)外(wai)、與交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網連(lian)接，為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)車(che)載充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)（即固(gu)定安裝在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)上的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)）提(ti)供交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置。交(jiao)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)只(zhi)提(ti)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)輸出，沒有充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功能，需連(lian)接車(che)載充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。相(xiang)當于只(zhi)是(shi)起了一(yi)個控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)作用(yong)的(de)(de)。

兩者的區別：簡單來說，交流充電樁需要借助車載充電機來充電，直流快速充電樁不需要這個設備。二者在充電速度上差別較大，一輛純電動汽車（普通電池容量）完全放電后通過交流充電樁充滿需要8個小(xiao)時，而通(tong)過直流(liu)快速充(chong)電(dian)樁僅需要2到(dao)3個小時(shi)。交流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)輸(shu)入，由(you)于(yu)車(che)(che)(che)(che)載(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)功(gong)率并不大，所以不能(neng)實現快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)是固(gu)定安裝(zhuang)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)外、與交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網連接，可(ke)以為非車(che)(che)(che)(che)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池提供直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置，直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)可(ke)以提供足夠的(de)(de)功(gong)率，輸(shu)出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)調整范圍(wei)大，可(ke)以實現快充(chong)的(de)(de)要求。