1、充電樁充電原理

充電樁固定在地面，利用專用充電接口，采用傳導方式，為具有車載充電機的電動汽車提供交流電能，具有相應的通訊、計費和安全防護功能。市民只需要購買IC卡并充(chong)值，就可以使用(yong)充(chong)電樁為汽車(che)充(chong)電了。

電動汽車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，用直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)按與(yu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流相(xiang)反的方向(xiang)通過(guo)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，使(shi)它恢復工作能(neng)力，這個過(guo)程稱為蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池正極(ji)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源正極(ji)相(xiang)聯，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池負極(ji)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源負極(ji)相(xiang)聯，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓必須高于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的總電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)。

2、充電樁充電方式

充電(dian)方式有恒(heng)電(dian)流充電(dian)和恒(heng)電(dian)壓充電(dian)兩(liang)種。

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恒流充電法

恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)是(shi)用(yong)調整充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或改變與蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的方(fang)法(fa)，保持充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)強度(du)不變的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)。控制方(fang)法(fa)簡單(dan)，但(dan)由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的可接受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)能力是(shi)隨著充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的進行而逐漸下降(jiang)的，到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)多用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水(shui)，產生氣體，使出(chu)氣過甚，因此，常(chang)選(xuan)用(yong)階段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。

恒壓充電法

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在全部充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間里保持恒(heng)定的(de)數值，隨著(zhu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)逐(zhu)漸升高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐(zhu)漸減少。與(yu)恒(heng)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)相比，其(qi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)更接近于最佳(jia)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線。用恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，由于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)初期蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)較低，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流很大(da)，隨著(zhu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)進行(xing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流將(jiang)逐(zhu)漸減少，因此，只(zhi)需簡易控制系統。

3、直流充電樁和交流充電樁的區別

直流充電樁：直流電動汽車充電站，俗稱就是“快充”，它是固定安裝在電動汽車外，與交流電網連接，可以為非車載電動汽車動力電池提供直流電源的供電裝置。直流充電樁的輸入電壓采用三相四線AC380V±15%，頻率50Hz,輸(shu)出為(wei)可調直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)，直(zhi)(zhi)接為(wei)電(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)動力電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。由(you)于直(zhi)(zhi)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)采用(yong)三(san)相四線制(zhi)供電(dian)(dian)，可以提供足夠的(de)(de)功率(lv)，輸(shu)出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)(dian)流調整范圍大，可以實現快充(chong)的(de)(de)要求。

交流充電樁：交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁，俗稱就是(shi)“慢充”，固定(ding)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)外、與交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網連接，為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)車(che)(che)載充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)（即(ji)固定(ding)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)上的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)）提供(gong)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)。交(jiao)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁只(zhi)(zhi)提供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸出，沒有(you)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功能，需(xu)連接車(che)(che)載充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。相當于只(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)起了一個(ge)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)作用的(de)。

兩者的區別：簡單來說，交流充電樁需要借助車載充電機來充電，直流快速充電樁不需要這個設備。二者在充電速度上差別較大，一輛純電動汽車（普通電池容量）完全放電后通過交流充電樁充滿需要8個小時，而通過(guo)直流快速(su)充電樁(zhuang)僅需要2到(dao)3個小時(shi)。交流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁給電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)機提供(gong)(gong)電(dian)力(li)輸入，由于(yu)車(che)載充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)機的(de)(de)功率并不大，所以(yi)不能實現快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。直流(liu)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁是固(gu)定安裝在電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)外、與交流(liu)電(dian)網連(lian)接，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)為非車(che)載電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池提供(gong)(gong)直流(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)裝置(zhi)，直流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁可(ke)(ke)以(yi)提供(gong)(gong)足夠的(de)(de)功率，輸出的(de)(de)電(dian)壓和電(dian)流(liu)調整范圍大，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)實現快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)要求。