隨(sui)著(zhu)科學技術的發展，現(xian)在鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)類產品已經成為了(le)主流。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)一類由鋰(li)金(jin)屬或鋰(li)合金(jin)為負極材，使(shi)用非水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質溶(rong)液制作而(er)成的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，大致可分為鋰(li)金(jin)屬電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)這(zhe)兩種類別(bie)。在文獻(xian)和現(xian)實生活中，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)互相區別(bie)而(er)又(you)有繼承(cheng)和發展關系的一對概念(nian)，而(er)隨(sui)著(zhu)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的運用越來越廣泛(fan)，人們便普遍(bian)將鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)稱為鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。

鋰(li)金屬(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池最早于1912年出并研究，也可稱為鋰(li)原(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，它(ta)是(shi)一(yi)種一(yi)次性電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，主要有鋰(li)錳，鋰(li)鐵電(dian)(dian)(dian)池等等。鋰(li)金屬(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池可以(yi)連續(xu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，也可以(yi)間歇放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，一(yi)旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)能耗盡(jin)便不(bu)能再用，不(bu)可充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極容易引起爆炸。

鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池是指以(yi)兩種(zhong)(zhong)不同(tong)(tong)的(de)，能夠可(ke)逆的(de)，嵌入和(he)(he)脫嵌鋰離(li)子的(de)嵌鋰化合物分別作為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池正(zheng)極(ji)和(he)(he)負極(ji)的(de)二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池體系(xi)，鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池可(ke)循環充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池和(he)(he)鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)相同(tong)(tong)點(dian)是在(zai)正(zheng)極(ji)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質上，兩種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池都采用金屬氧(yang)化物和(he)(he)硫(liu)化物作為(wei)正(zheng)極(ji)，而以(yi)有機(ji)溶劑或無機(ji)鹽體系(xi)作為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質。

一、新電池充(chong)電

新電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)一般要(yao)激(ji)活(huo)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)放(fang)置一段時(shi)間后(hou)，會(hui)進入休(xiu)眠狀態，此(ci)時(shi)容(rong)量(liang)低于(yu)正常值，使用時(shi)間亦隨(sui)之縮短，因此(ci)需要(yao)激(ji)活(huo)。鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)激(ji)活(huo)方法非常簡單，只要(yao)經(jing)過(guo)3—5次正常的(de)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)循環就(jiu)可(ke)激(ji)活(huo)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，恢復正常容(rong)量(liang)。

二(er)、舊電(dian)池充電(dian)

1、充電方法

舊電(dian)(dian)池(chi)是指已經充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)多次(ci)(ci)的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，而(er)不(bu)是報廢的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的壽命與充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)的次(ci)(ci)數無關，它(ta)沒(mei)(mei)有記憶效應，不(bu)論你(ni)(ni)怎么充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，都不(bu)會(hui)影響充(chong)電(dian)(dian)循環(huan)次(ci)(ci)數。因此(ci)不(bu)要把電(dian)(dian)池(chi)用到完全沒(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)才去充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，最好是當(dang)你(ni)(ni)能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，就盡量(liang)把電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)飽，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間以2-3小時(shi)以內為宜，當(dang)然你(ni)(ni)也(ye)不(bu)一定非要充(chong)滿。

2、充電電壓

鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)安(an)全工作電(dian)(dian)壓范(fan)圍(wei)是2.8到4.2V，低(di)于或高于這(zhe)(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)壓范(fan)圍(wei)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)中的鋰(li)離子變得(de)非常不穩定，甚至造成(cheng)事故。為(wei)保證電(dian)(dian)池(chi)處于安(an)全范(fan)圍(wei)，因(yin)此需要專門的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器。這(zhe)(zhe)些充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器會自(zi)動根據電(dian)(dian)池(chi)當前狀(zhuang)態而調整充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式。

3、充電工具

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要用專用的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，它可以保障充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)安(an)全性。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器工作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，以恒定(ding)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)提高(gao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以加快充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)到達4.2V截(jie)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候，此時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)大約僅沖入70%左右的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量（并未飽滿）。此時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器即以恒定(ding)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，逐漸變小(xiao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)繼續充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當值至小(xiao)于0.1A充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)仍然檢(jian)測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)繼續升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候才停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4、定期充電

長期不用的鋰電池，應該以半電狀態，存放在陰涼偏干燥的地方。滿電存放有危險，且電池會有損害，而無電存放，電池可能會被破壞，從而失去作用。在存放過程中，每隔3--6個月，要完成一個充電周期，做一次電量校準。【詳細(xi)>>】

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一(yi)(yi)般能夠完全充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)300-500個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)(zhou)期，超過這個(ge)次(ci)數，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)不能用(yong)(yong)了(le)，當然(ran)，這只能作為參考。鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次(ci)數無(wu)關，與充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)周(zhou)(zhou)期有(you)關，也就(jiu)是從(cong)零電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量充(chong)(chong)(chong)到(dao)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)次(ci)數。一(yi)(yi)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)(zhou)期意味著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)所有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量由(you)滿用(yong)(yong)到(dao)空(kong)，再由(you)空(kong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)到(dao)滿的(de)過程，這并不等(deng)同于充(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。比如說(shuo)，一(yi)(yi)塊鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在第一(yi)(yi)天只用(yong)(yong)了(le)一(yi)(yi)半(ban)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，然(ran)后又為它充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。如果第二(er)天還如此，即用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)半(ban)就(jiu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)，總共兩次(ci)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下來，這只能算(suan)作一(yi)(yi)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)(zhou)期，而不是兩個(ge)。

在日常生活中，通常可能要經過好幾次充電才完成一個周期。每完成一個充電周期，電池容量就會減少一點。不過，這個電量減少幅度非常小，高品質的電池充過多次周期后，仍然會保留原始容量的80%，很多鋰電供電產品在經過兩三年后仍然照常使用。當然，鋰電壽命到了最終后仍是需要更換的。【詳細>>】

鋰(li)電池可能會(hui)爆炸(zha)，其爆炸(zha)原因有很多，可大(da)致歸類(lei)為外部短(duan)(duan)路(lu)、內(nei)部短(duan)(duan)路(lu)、及過充(chong)三種。正(zheng)常情(qing)況(kuang)下，鋰(li)電池的兩極本(ben)身是絕對不會(hui)接觸的，因此電池廠(chang)商會(hui)在兩極之間放置(zhi)隔膜。

質量好的隔膜紙，在電(dian)池內部溫(wen)度(du)較高(gao)時，會(hui)將細孔關閉，將電(dian)化學反應終止，使電(dian)流驟降，溫(wen)度(du)也(ye)慢慢下降，從而避免爆(bao)炸(zha)發生。但如果在各(ge)種(zhong)因(yin)素的影響下，導致隔膜破裂，那么電(dian)池里所有的能(neng)量都(dou)會(hui)涌向電(dian)解液，而電(dian)解液本身(shen)就(jiu)是一種(zhong)不(bu)太穩定的化學物質，承受(shou)太多能(neng)量之后，就(jiu)大量發熱，乃至起火爆(bao)炸(zha)。

鋰電池(chi)優(you)點

1、鋰電池電壓平臺高，單體電池的(de)平均(jun)電壓為3.7V或(huo)3.2V，約等(deng)于(yu)3只鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電池或(huo)鎳(nie)氫電池的(de)串(chuan)聯電壓，便(bian)于(yu)組成電池電源組。

2、相對電(dian)池而言鋰電(dian)池能量(liang)密度高。具(ju)有高儲(chu)存(cun)能量(liang)密度，目前已(yi)達到(dao)460-600Wh/kg，是(shi)鉛酸電(dian)池的約6-7倍。

3、相對鉛酸電池(chi)而(er)言鋰電池(chi)重量輕，相同體積下重量約(yue)為鉛酸產品(pin)的1/5-6。

4、鋰電池(chi)(chi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命相對較長，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命可達到6年以上，磷酸亞鐵鋰為(wei)正極的(de)電池(chi)(chi)用(yong)1CDOD充放，有可以使(shi)(shi)用(yong)1000次的(de)記錄。

5、具備(bei)高功率承(cheng)受力，其中電(dian)動汽車用的磷酸亞鐵鋰鋰離(li)子電(dian)池可以達(da)到15-30C充放電(dian)的能力，便于高強度的啟動加速。

6、自放(fang)電率低，無記(ji)憶(yi)效應(ying)，常(chang)應(ying)用(yong)于日常(chang)電子產品供電。

7、鋰電池高低溫(wen)適應性強，可以在-20℃--60℃的(de)環境(jing)下使用，經過(guo)工藝上的(de)處(chu)理(li)，可以在-45℃環境(jing)下使用。

8、綠色環保(bao)，不論生產、使用和(he)報廢，都不含有、也不產生任何鉛、汞、鎘(ge)等有毒有害重金屬元(yuan)素和(he)物質。

鋰電(dian)池的(de)缺(que)點(dian)

1、鋰電池均(jun)存在(zai)安(an)全性差(cha)，有發生爆炸(zha)的危險。

2、鈷酸鋰材(cai)料的鋰電池不能(neng)大(da)電流放電，安全性較差。

3、鋰(li)電池均(jun)需保護線(xian)路，防(fang)止電池被過充(chong)過放(fang)電。

4、生產要求條件高，成本高。【詳細>>】

1、鋰電池應儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)陰涼、干燥、安全的(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)，它(ta)可(ke)儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)溫度為-5～35℃，相對濕度不(bu)(bu)大于75%的(de)(de)清潔(jie)、干燥、通風(feng)的(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)中。注意在(zai)較熱(re)的(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)中存(cun)(cun)放電池，會不(bu)(bu)可(ke)避免的(de)(de)對電池的(de)(de)質量造成(cheng)相應的(de)(de)損壞。

2、避(bi)免將(jiang)鋰(li)電池靠近熱源、明(ming)火、易燃易爆(bao)氣體、液(ye)體，這樣可能導致(zhi)電池泄露、發熱、冒煙、火災以及(ji)爆(bao)炸。

3、鋰電(dian)池如(ru)需長(chang)時(shi)間儲存(cun)(cun)（超過(guo)一個月），電(dian)池電(dian)量應保(bao)持標稱容量的30%～50%，儲存(cun)(cun)時(shi)每月需對電(dian)池進行(xing)補充電(dian)1—2小時(shi)。

4、電池應包裝成箱進行(xing)運輸(shu)，在運輸(shu)過(guo)程(cheng)中應防止劇(ju)烈振動、撞擊或擠壓，防止日(ri)曬雨淋，可(ke)使用汽車(che)、火車(che)、輪船、飛(fei)機等交(jiao)通工(gong)具進行(xing)運輸(shu)。

5、鋰電(dian)池存儲過程中應避免金屬物(wu)體進入(ru)電(dian)池箱，這可能導致電(dian)池產生泄(xie)露、發熱、冒煙、火災以及爆(bao)炸。

6、如果(guo)在(zai)高于規定的操作(zuo)(zuo)溫度，即35°C以(yi)上的環境中使用鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)將(jiang)會不斷的減少。如果(guo)在(zai)這樣的溫度下，還(huan)要(yao)為(wei)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，那對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的損傷將(jiang)更(geng)大。所以(yi)，盡(jin)量(liang)保持在(zai)適宜的操作(zuo)(zuo)溫度是延長鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)壽命(ming)的好(hao)方法。

7、要想發(fa)揮鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池的最(zui)大效(xiao)能，就需要經(jing)常用(yong)它，讓鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)內(nei)的電(dian)(dian)子始終處于流動狀態。如果不經(jing)常使用(yong)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池，請一(yi)定記得每月(yue)給鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)完(wan)成(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期，做(zuo)一(yi)次電(dian)(dian)量校準，即深放深充(chong)一(yi)次。

8、淺放淺充對于鋰電更有益處，只有在產品的電源模塊為鋰電做校準時，才有深放深充的必要。所以，使用鋰電供電的產品不必拘泥于過程，一切以方便為先，隨時充電，不必擔心影響壽命。【詳細>>】

1、看外(wai)觀(guan)

看(kan)外(wai)觀(guan)(guan)是(shi)指看(kan)鋰電池的(de)外(wai)觀(guan)(guan)，做工(gong)，大小和(he)工(gong)藝。看(kan)外(wai)殼接(jie)縫(feng)線寬(kuan)不寬(kuan)，是(shi)否有(you)毛刺，有(you)沒(mei)有(you)油(you)漬(zi)，摸起來手(shou)(shou)(shou)感(gan)好(hao)不好(hao)，先進(jin)的(de)工(gong)藝都是(shi)手(shou)(shou)(shou)感(gan)很舒(shu)服(fu)的(de)，經過打磨(mo)，橡膠油(you)拋光(guang)材料既手(shou)(shou)(shou)感(gan)好(hao)，同(tong)時絕(jue)緣性能(neng)也(ye)很強。

2、看是否明確標示容量(liang)

無明確標示容量的(de)(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，很(hen)可能(neng)就是使(shi)用劣質電(dian)(dian)(dian)池芯(xin)或(huo)回(hui)收(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池芯(xin)重新組裝的(de)(de)垃圾電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。市面(mian)上充(chong)斥著許多廉價的(de)(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，就是使(shi)用回(hui)收(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池芯(xin)或(huo)拆機電(dian)(dian)(dian)池芯(xin)做的(de)(de)，價格雖然便宜，但是壽(shou)命短，品質不穩(wen)定，使(shi)用不慎可能(neng)會損壞(huai)設備，甚至發生爆炸。

3、看保護電路

鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)特(te)性決(jue)定了(le)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池一(yi)定要外加保護(hu)(hu)板，以防止鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池過充、過放及短路等情況的(de)(de)發生(sheng)，不(bu)加保護(hu)(hu)板的(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池會有(you)變(bian)形、漏液、爆(bao)炸的(de)(de)危險。在激(ji)烈的(de)(de)價(jia)格競爭下，各電(dian)(dian)池封(feng)裝(zhuang)廠(chang)尋求更低價(jia)位的(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)路，或(huo)者根(gen)本省略了(le)這(zhe)個裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，使得(de)市面上充斥著有(you)爆(bao)炸危險的(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池。當然，實際上消費(fei)者無法從外觀分(fen)辨出(chu)來(lai)是否有(you)保護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)路板，因(yin)此最好選擇(ze)有(you)信譽的(de)(de)商家購買(mai)。

4、看品牌

鋰電池的品牌很多，質量卻很難從外觀看出。在這種情況下，大家在選擇之前就要多做點功課，多去網上查詢一下廠商資料。通常來說，專業廠商比小作坊更靠譜，從業時間長的廠商比剛進入該領域的廠商更值得信任。【詳細>>】