隨著(zhu)科(ke)學技(ji)術(shu)的(de)發展(zhan)，現在鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)類產品(pin)已經成(cheng)為(wei)了(le)主流(liu)。鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)是(shi)一(yi)類由(you)鋰(li)(li)金(jin)屬或(huo)鋰(li)(li)合金(jin)為(wei)負極材(cai)，使用非(fei)水電(dian)解質溶(rong)液制作而成(cheng)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，大致可分(fen)為(wei)鋰(li)(li)金(jin)屬電(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)這兩種類別(bie)。在文獻和(he)現實生活(huo)中，鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)是(shi)互相區別(bie)而又有(you)繼承(cheng)和(he)發展(zhan)關系的(de)一(yi)對概(gai)念，而隨著(zhu)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)運用越(yue)來越(yue)廣泛，人們(men)便普遍將鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)稱為(wei)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

鋰(li)金屬(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)最早于1912年(nian)出并研(yan)究，也可(ke)稱為鋰(li)原電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，它(ta)是一種(zhong)一次性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，主要有鋰(li)錳(meng)，鋰(li)鐵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等等。鋰(li)金屬(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)以連續(xu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，也可(ke)以間歇放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能耗盡(jin)便不能再用，不可(ke)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極容易(yi)引起(qi)爆(bao)炸。

鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)是指以兩(liang)種不同(tong)的(de)，能(neng)夠可(ke)逆的(de)，嵌(qian)入和(he)(he)脫嵌(qian)鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)的(de)嵌(qian)鋰(li)(li)(li)化合物分(fen)別作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)正(zheng)極和(he)(he)負極的(de)二次電(dian)(dian)池(chi)體系，鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)循環充電(dian)(dian)。鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)(he)鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)相同(tong)點是在正(zheng)極和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)解質上，兩(liang)種電(dian)(dian)池(chi)都采(cai)用金屬(shu)氧(yang)化物和(he)(he)硫化物作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)正(zheng)極，而以有機溶劑或無(wu)機鹽體系作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)解質。

一(yi)、新電(dian)池充電(dian)

新電池(chi)一般要激活，電池(chi)放置一段(duan)時(shi)間后(hou)，會進入休眠狀態，此(ci)時(shi)容量低于正常(chang)值，使用時(shi)間亦隨之縮(suo)短，因此(ci)需要激活。鋰電池(chi)激活方法非(fei)常(chang)簡單(dan)，只要經(jing)過3—5次正常(chang)的充(chong)放電循環就可激活電池(chi)，恢(hui)復(fu)正常(chang)容量。

二、舊電(dian)池充電(dian)

1、充電方法

舊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是指已經充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多(duo)次的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，而不(bu)(bu)是報廢的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的壽命(ming)與充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的次數(shu)無關(guan)，它沒(mei)有記憶效應，不(bu)(bu)論你怎么充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，都不(bu)(bu)會(hui)影(ying)響充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環次數(shu)。因此不(bu)(bu)要(yao)把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)用到完全沒(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)才去充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，最好是當你能充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，就盡量把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)飽，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間以2-3小時以內為宜(yi)，當然(ran)你也(ye)不(bu)(bu)一定非(fei)要(yao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)。

2、充電電壓

鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)安全工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)是2.8到4.2V，低(di)于或(huo)高于這個電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中的鋰(li)離子(zi)變得非常不穩定，甚至造(zao)成事故。為保證電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)處于安全范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)，因此需要專門的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器。這些充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器會自(zi)動根據電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)當前狀態而(er)調整充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式。

3、充電工具

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)用專用的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，它可以保障充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)安全性(xing)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)工作時(shi)，以恒(heng)定的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)升高(gao)(gao)(gao)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)同時(shi)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，以加快充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)到達4.2V截(jie)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)候，此時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)大約僅沖入70%左右的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量（并(bing)未飽滿）。此時(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)即以恒(heng)定的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，逐漸(jian)變小(xiao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)繼(ji)續(xu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)值至小(xiao)于0.1A充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)仍然檢測(ce)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)繼(ji)續(xu)升高(gao)(gao)(gao)時(shi)候才停(ting)止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4、定期充電

長期不用的鋰電池，應該以半電狀態，存放在陰涼偏干燥的地方。滿電存放有危險，且電池會有損害，而無電存放，電池可能會被破壞，從而失去作用。在存放過程中，每隔3--6個月，要完成一個充電周期，做一次電量校準。【詳細>>】

鋰電(dian)池(chi)一般能(neng)夠完全充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)300-500個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)周(zhou)期(qi)，超過(guo)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)次數(shu)，電(dian)池(chi)就不能(neng)用了(le)，當(dang)然，這(zhe)(zhe)只能(neng)作(zuo)為(wei)參考。鋰電(dian)池(chi)壽命和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)次數(shu)無關，與(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)的(de)周(zhou)期(qi)有關，也就是從零電(dian)量充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)到滿(man)電(dian)量的(de)次數(shu)。一個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)周(zhou)期(qi)意(yi)味(wei)著電(dian)池(chi)的(de)所有電(dian)量由滿(man)用到空，再由空充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)到滿(man)的(de)過(guo)程，這(zhe)(zhe)并不等同于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)一次電(dian)。比如(ru)說，一塊鋰電(dian)在第一天(tian)(tian)只用了(le)一半(ban)的(de)電(dian)量，然后(hou)又為(wei)它(ta)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)電(dian)。如(ru)果第二天(tian)(tian)還如(ru)此，即用一半(ban)就充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，總共兩(liang)次充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)下來，這(zhe)(zhe)只能(neng)算作(zuo)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)周(zhou)期(qi)，而不是兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。

在日常生活中，通常可能要經過好幾次充電才完成一個周期。每完成一個充電周期，電池容量就會減少一點。不過，這個電量減少幅度非常小，高品質的電池充過多次周期后，仍然會保留原始容量的80%，很多鋰電供電產品在經過兩三年后仍然照常使用。當然，鋰電壽命到了最終后仍是需要更換的。【詳(xiang)細>>】

鋰(li)電池可(ke)能會(hui)(hui)爆(bao)炸，其爆(bao)炸原因(yin)有很多，可(ke)大致歸類為外部短(duan)路、內部短(duan)路、及過(guo)充三種(zhong)。正常(chang)情況下，鋰(li)電池的兩(liang)極(ji)本身是(shi)絕對不會(hui)(hui)接觸的，因(yin)此電池廠商會(hui)(hui)在兩(liang)極(ji)之間放置隔膜(mo)。

質(zhi)量(liang)好的(de)隔膜(mo)紙(zhi)，在電(dian)池內部溫度(du)較高時，會將細孔關閉，將電(dian)化(hua)學反應終止，使電(dian)流驟降(jiang)，溫度(du)也(ye)慢慢下(xia)降(jiang)，從而避免爆炸發(fa)生。但如果在各種(zhong)因(yin)素(su)的(de)影響下(xia)，導致隔膜(mo)破裂，那么(me)電(dian)池里(li)所有的(de)能量(liang)都會涌向電(dian)解液(ye)，而電(dian)解液(ye)本身就是一(yi)種(zhong)不太穩定的(de)化(hua)學物(wu)質(zhi)，承受太多能量(liang)之(zhi)后，就大量(liang)發(fa)熱，乃至起(qi)火爆炸。

鋰電池優點

1、鋰電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)平臺高，單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)池的(de)平均電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為3.7V或3.2V，約等于3只鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)池或鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)串(chuan)聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，便于組(zu)成電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)組(zu)。

2、相對電池而言鋰電池能(neng)量(liang)(liang)密度(du)高(gao)。具有高(gao)儲(chu)存能(neng)量(liang)(liang)密度(du)，目前(qian)已達(da)到460-600Wh/kg，是鉛酸電池的(de)約6-7倍(bei)。

3、相(xiang)對鉛(qian)酸電池而(er)言鋰(li)電池重量輕，相(xiang)同體積(ji)下重量約為鉛(qian)酸產品(pin)的(de)1/5-6。

4、鋰(li)電池(chi)使用壽命相對較長，使用壽命可達(da)到6年以上(shang)，磷酸亞鐵(tie)鋰(li)為正極的電池(chi)用1CDOD充(chong)放，有可以使用1000次(ci)的記(ji)錄。

5、具備高(gao)(gao)功率承受力(li)，其中電(dian)動(dong)汽車用的磷酸亞(ya)鐵鋰(li)鋰(li)離子電(dian)池可以(yi)達(da)到15-30C充放電(dian)的能力(li)，便于高(gao)(gao)強度的啟動(dong)加速。

6、自(zi)放電(dian)(dian)率低，無(wu)記(ji)憶效應，常應用于(yu)日常電(dian)(dian)子產(chan)品供電(dian)(dian)。

7、鋰電(dian)池高(gao)低溫適應性強，可以(yi)在(zai)-20℃--60℃的(de)環(huan)境下(xia)使用(yong)，經過(guo)工藝上的(de)處(chu)理，可以(yi)在(zai)-45℃環(huan)境下(xia)使用(yong)。

8、綠色環保，不(bu)論(lun)生(sheng)產、使用和(he)報廢，都不(bu)含(han)有、也不(bu)產生(sheng)任何鉛、汞、鎘等(deng)有毒有害(hai)重金屬(shu)元(yuan)素和(he)物質。

鋰電池的缺點(dian)

1、鋰電(dian)池(chi)均(jun)存(cun)在(zai)安全性差，有發生(sheng)爆炸的危險。

2、鈷酸鋰(li)材料的鋰(li)電(dian)池不能大電(dian)流放電(dian)，安全性較(jiao)差。

3、鋰電池(chi)均需(xu)保護線(xian)路(lu)，防(fang)止電池(chi)被過充過放電。

4、生產要求條件高，成本高。【詳細>>】

1、鋰(li)電池應(ying)儲存(cun)在陰涼、干(gan)(gan)燥、安全的(de)環(huan)境，它(ta)可(ke)儲存(cun)在溫度(du)為(wei)-5～35℃，相對濕(shi)度(du)不(bu)大于75%的(de)清潔、干(gan)(gan)燥、通風的(de)環(huan)境中。注意在較熱的(de)環(huan)境中存(cun)放電池，會不(bu)可(ke)避免的(de)對電池的(de)質量造(zao)成相應(ying)的(de)損壞。

2、避免(mian)將鋰電池靠近(jin)熱(re)源、明火、易(yi)(yi)燃易(yi)(yi)爆氣(qi)體、液體，這(zhe)樣可(ke)能(neng)導致電池泄露、發熱(re)、冒煙、火災以及爆炸。

3、鋰電(dian)池(chi)如需(xu)長時間儲存(cun)（超過一(yi)個月），電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)量應保持標稱容量的(de)30%～50%，儲存(cun)時每月需(xu)對電(dian)池(chi)進行補(bu)充電(dian)1—2小時。

4、電池應(ying)包(bao)裝(zhuang)成(cheng)箱進(jin)行(xing)運輸，在運輸過程中應(ying)防(fang)止(zhi)劇(ju)烈振動(dong)、撞擊或(huo)擠壓，防(fang)止(zhi)日曬雨淋，可使用汽(qi)車(che)、火車(che)、輪船、飛機等交通(tong)工具進(jin)行(xing)運輸。

5、鋰(li)電池存儲過(guo)程中應(ying)避免(mian)金屬(shu)物體進入電池箱，這可能(neng)導致(zhi)電池產生泄露(lu)、發熱(re)、冒煙、火災以及爆(bao)炸。

6、如(ru)果在高于規定的(de)操作溫(wen)度(du)(du)，即35°C以上的(de)環境中使用鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)將會不(bu)斷的(de)減(jian)少。如(ru)果在這樣的(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)下，還要為鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，那對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)損傷將更(geng)大。所以，盡量(liang)保持在適宜的(de)操作溫(wen)度(du)(du)是延長鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壽命的(de)好(hao)方法。

7、要(yao)(yao)想發揮鋰離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)最(zui)大效(xiao)能，就需要(yao)(yao)經常(chang)用它，讓鋰電(dian)內(nei)的(de)(de)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)始終處于流動(dong)狀(zhuang)態。如果不經常(chang)使用鋰電(dian)池(chi)，請(qing)一定記得每月(yue)給鋰電(dian)完(wan)成一個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)周期，做一次電(dian)量校準，即深放(fang)深充(chong)一次。

8、淺放淺充對于鋰電更有益處，只有在產品的電源模塊為鋰電做校準時，才有深放深充的必要。所以，使用鋰電供電的產品不必拘泥于過程，一切以方便為先，隨時充電，不必擔心影響壽命。【詳(xiang)細>>】

1、看外(wai)觀

看外(wai)觀(guan)是指看鋰(li)電池的(de)(de)外(wai)觀(guan)，做工，大小和工藝(yi)。看外(wai)殼接縫(feng)線(xian)寬(kuan)不寬(kuan)，是否有(you)毛刺，有(you)沒有(you)油(you)漬，摸起來手(shou)(shou)感(gan)好不好，先(xian)進的(de)(de)工藝(yi)都是手(shou)(shou)感(gan)很舒服(fu)的(de)(de)，經過打磨，橡膠油(you)拋光材(cai)料既手(shou)(shou)感(gan)好，同時絕緣性能也(ye)很強。

2、看是否明確標(biao)示容量

無明確標示(shi)容量的(de)(de)鋰(li)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，很可能就是(shi)使用(yong)劣質電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)芯(xin)(xin)或(huo)回收電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)芯(xin)(xin)重新組(zu)裝的(de)(de)垃圾電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。市面上充斥著許多(duo)廉價的(de)(de)鋰(li)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，就是(shi)使用(yong)回收電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)芯(xin)(xin)或(huo)拆機電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)芯(xin)(xin)做的(de)(de)，價格(ge)雖然便宜(yi)，但是(shi)壽命(ming)短(duan)，品質不(bu)穩定，使用(yong)不(bu)慎可能會損壞設備(bei)，甚至發生爆炸。

3、看保(bao)護電路

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)性決定了鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)一定要(yao)外加(jia)保(bao)護(hu)板，以防止(zhi)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過充(chong)(chong)、過放及(ji)短(duan)路(lu)等情況的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生，不加(jia)保(bao)護(hu)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)會有(you)變(bian)形、漏液、爆炸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危險。在激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價格競爭下，各電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)封裝廠尋求更低價位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，或者根本(ben)省(sheng)略(lve)了這個裝置，使得市面(mian)上(shang)充(chong)(chong)斥(chi)著有(you)爆炸危險的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。當(dang)然，實(shi)際上(shang)消(xiao)費者無法(fa)從外觀分辨出來是否有(you)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板，因此最好(hao)選擇(ze)有(you)信(xin)譽(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商家購買。

4、看品牌

鋰電池的品牌很多，質量卻很難從外觀看出。在這種情況下，大家在選擇之前就要多做點功課，多去網上查詢一下廠商資料。通常來說，專業廠商比小作坊更靠譜，從業時間長的廠商比剛進入該領域的廠商更值得信任。【詳細>>】