隨著科學技術的發(fa)展(zhan)，現在鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)類產品已(yi)經成為了主流。鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是一類由鋰金(jin)屬或鋰合金(jin)為負(fu)極材，使(shi)用非水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質溶液(ye)制作而(er)成的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，大致可分為鋰金(jin)屬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)這(zhe)兩種類別。在文獻和(he)現實生活(huo)中，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是互相(xiang)區別而(er)又有繼承和(he)發(fa)展(zhan)關系的一對概(gai)念，而(er)隨著鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的運(yun)用越來越廣泛，人們(men)便(bian)普遍將鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)稱為鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

鋰(li)(li)金屬電(dian)(dian)池(chi)最早于1912年出并研究，也(ye)可稱(cheng)為鋰(li)(li)原電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，它是一種一次(ci)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，主要有鋰(li)(li)錳，鋰(li)(li)鐵(tie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)等(deng)等(deng)。鋰(li)(li)金屬電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可以連(lian)續(xu)放電(dian)(dian)，也(ye)可以間(jian)歇放電(dian)(dian)，一旦(dan)電(dian)(dian)能耗盡便(bian)不(bu)能再用，不(bu)可充電(dian)(dian)，充電(dian)(dian)極容易引起爆炸。

鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是指(zhi)以兩種(zhong)不同(tong)的(de)(de)，能夠可逆(ni)的(de)(de)，嵌(qian)入和(he)脫(tuo)嵌(qian)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)的(de)(de)嵌(qian)鋰(li)化(hua)合物分別作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)正(zheng)極(ji)和(he)負極(ji)的(de)(de)二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)體(ti)系，鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可循環充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)相同(tong)點是在正(zheng)極(ji)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質上(shang)，兩種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)都(dou)采用金屬氧(yang)化(hua)物和(he)硫(liu)化(hua)物作(zuo)為(wei)正(zheng)極(ji)，而以有機溶劑或無機鹽體(ti)系作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質。

一、新(xin)電池充電

新(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一(yi)般要(yao)激(ji)活，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)置一(yi)段(duan)時間后，會進入休(xiu)眠(mian)狀態(tai)，此時容量低(di)于正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)值，使用時間亦隨(sui)之縮(suo)短(duan)，因此需要(yao)激(ji)活。鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)激(ji)活方法非常(chang)(chang)(chang)簡單，只要(yao)經過3—5次(ci)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)的充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環就(jiu)可(ke)激(ji)活電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，恢復正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)容量。

二、舊電池(chi)充電

1、充電方法

舊(jiu)電(dian)池(chi)是指已經(jing)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)多(duo)次(ci)(ci)的電(dian)池(chi)，而不是報廢的電(dian)池(chi)。鋰電(dian)池(chi)的壽命與充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)的次(ci)(ci)數無關(guan)，它沒有記憶效應，不論你(ni)怎(zen)么充(chong)電(dian)，都(dou)不會影響充(chong)電(dian)循環(huan)次(ci)(ci)數。因此不要(yao)把電(dian)池(chi)用(yong)到完(wan)全沒電(dian)才去(qu)充(chong)電(dian)，最好是當你(ni)能充(chong)電(dian)時，就(jiu)盡量把電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)飽，充(chong)電(dian)時間以2-3小時以內(nei)為(wei)宜，當然你(ni)也(ye)不一定非(fei)要(yao)充(chong)滿。

2、充電電壓

鋰電(dian)池安(an)全(quan)工(gong)作電(dian)壓范圍是2.8到4.2V，低于(yu)(yu)或(huo)高于(yu)(yu)這個(ge)電(dian)壓范圍，電(dian)池中的(de)鋰離子變得非常不(bu)穩定(ding)，甚至造成事(shi)故。為保證電(dian)池處于(yu)(yu)安(an)全(quan)范圍，因此需(xu)要專門的(de)充(chong)電(dian)器。這些充(chong)電(dian)器會(hui)自動根據電(dian)池當前狀態(tai)而調整充(chong)電(dian)方式。

3、充電工具

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要用專用的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，它可以(yi)保障充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)安全性。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器工(gong)作時，以(yi)恒定的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)高(gao)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器同時提(ti)高(gao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以(yi)加快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)到(dao)達4.2V截止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時候(hou)，此時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)大約僅(jin)沖(chong)入70%左右的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量（并未飽滿）。此時充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器即以(yi)恒定的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，逐漸變小的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)繼續充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當值至小于0.1A充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)仍然檢測到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)繼續升(sheng)高(gao)時候(hou)才停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4、定期充電

長期不用的鋰電池，應該以半電狀態，存放在陰涼偏干燥的地方。滿電存放有危險，且電池會有損害，而無電存放，電池可能會被破壞，從而失去作用。在存放過程中，每隔3--6個月，要完成一個充電周期，做一次電量校準。【詳(xiang)細>>】

鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般能夠(gou)完全充(chong)放300-500個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期(qi)，超過(guo)這(zhe)個(ge)次(ci)數，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池就(jiu)不(bu)能用了，當然，這(zhe)只(zhi)能作為參考(kao)。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)次(ci)數無關(guan)，與充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)周(zhou)期(qi)有關(guan)，也就(jiu)是(shi)從零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)充(chong)到滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)次(ci)數。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期(qi)意味著電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)所有電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)由滿用到空，再由空充(chong)到滿的(de)過(guo)程，這(zhe)并(bing)不(bu)等同(tong)于充(chong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。比如說，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)塊鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)在第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天只(zhi)用了一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)半(ban)(ban)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，然后又為它充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)。如果第二天還如此，即用一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)半(ban)(ban)就(jiu)充(chong)，總(zong)共兩次(ci)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)來，這(zhe)只(zhi)能算作一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期(qi)，而不(bu)是(shi)兩個(ge)。

在日常生活中，通常可能要經過好幾次充電才完成一個周期。每完成一個充電周期，電池容量就會減少一點。不過，這個電量減少幅度非常小，高品質的電池充過多次周期后，仍然會保留原始容量的80%，很多鋰電供電產品在經過兩三年后仍然照常使用。當然，鋰電壽命到了最終后仍是需要更換的。【詳細>>】

鋰電(dian)池可能會爆炸(zha)，其爆炸(zha)原因(yin)有很多，可大致歸類為外部短路、內部短路、及過(guo)充三(san)種。正常情況(kuang)下，鋰電(dian)池的兩極本身(shen)是絕對不會接(jie)觸的，因(yin)此(ci)電(dian)池廠商(shang)會在(zai)兩極之(zhi)間(jian)放置隔膜。

質量(liang)好的(de)(de)隔膜紙，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內部溫度(du)較高時(shi)，會將(jiang)細孔關閉，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學反(fan)應(ying)終止(zhi)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流驟降，溫度(du)也(ye)慢慢下(xia)降，從而避免(mian)爆(bao)炸發(fa)生。但如果(guo)在各種因素(su)的(de)(de)影響下(xia)，導(dao)致隔膜破(po)裂，那么(me)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池里所有的(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)都會涌向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液本身就是一種不太(tai)穩定的(de)(de)化(hua)學物質，承受太(tai)多能(neng)量(liang)之(zhi)后，就大量(liang)發(fa)熱，乃至起火爆(bao)炸。

鋰電池優點

1、鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓平臺高，單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的平均(jun)電(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)3.7V或3.2V，約等于3只(zhi)鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)池(chi)或鎳氫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的串聯電(dian)(dian)壓，便于組(zu)成電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)源組(zu)。

2、相(xiang)對(dui)電(dian)池而言鋰(li)電(dian)池能量密(mi)度高。具(ju)有(you)高儲存能量密(mi)度，目前已達到460-600Wh/kg，是鉛酸電(dian)池的約6-7倍(bei)。

3、相對鉛(qian)酸(suan)電池而言鋰電池重量輕，相同體積下(xia)重量約(yue)為鉛(qian)酸(suan)產品的1/5-6。

4、鋰電池使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)相(xiang)對較長，使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)可達到(dao)6年以(yi)上，磷酸亞(ya)鐵鋰為(wei)正極的電池用(yong)1CDOD充放，有可以(yi)使(shi)用(yong)1000次的記錄。

5、具備高功(gong)率承受力，其中電(dian)動(dong)汽車用的磷酸亞(ya)鐵(tie)鋰鋰離子電(dian)池可以達到15-30C充放(fang)電(dian)的能力，便于(yu)高強度的啟動(dong)加速。

6、自(zi)放電(dian)(dian)率低，無記憶效應，常(chang)應用于日常(chang)電(dian)(dian)子產品供(gong)電(dian)(dian)。

7、鋰電(dian)池高低溫適應(ying)性(xing)強，可(ke)以在-20℃--60℃的環境(jing)(jing)下(xia)使(shi)(shi)用，經過工(gong)藝(yi)上(shang)的處理，可(ke)以在-45℃環境(jing)(jing)下(xia)使(shi)(shi)用。

8、綠色環(huan)保，不(bu)論生產、使(shi)用和(he)報廢，都不(bu)含有、也(ye)不(bu)產生任(ren)何鉛、汞、鎘(ge)等有毒有害(hai)重金屬元素(su)和(he)物質(zhi)。

鋰電池的缺點

1、鋰電(dian)池均(jun)存在安(an)全性差，有發生爆炸的危險。

2、鈷酸鋰材料的鋰電(dian)池不能大電(dian)流放電(dian)，安(an)全(quan)性較差(cha)。

3、鋰(li)電池(chi)均需保護線路，防止電池(chi)被(bei)過(guo)充過(guo)放電。

4、生產要求條件高，成本高。【詳細>>】

1、鋰電池應儲存(cun)在陰涼、干(gan)燥、安全(quan)的環境(jing)，它(ta)可儲存(cun)在溫度(du)為-5～35℃，相對濕度(du)不(bu)大于75%的清(qing)潔、干(gan)燥、通風(feng)的環境(jing)中。注(zhu)意在較熱的環境(jing)中存(cun)放(fang)電池，會不(bu)可避免的對電池的質量造成相應的損壞。

2、避免將鋰電(dian)池(chi)靠(kao)近熱源、明火、易燃易爆氣體、液體，這樣可能(neng)導(dao)致電(dian)池(chi)泄露、發(fa)熱、冒(mao)煙(yan)、火災(zai)以及爆炸。

3、鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)如需(xu)長時(shi)間儲(chu)存(cun)（超過一個(ge)月），電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)應(ying)保(bao)持標(biao)稱容量(liang)的30%～50%，儲(chu)存(cun)時(shi)每(mei)月需(xu)對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)補(bu)充電(dian)(dian)1—2小(xiao)時(shi)。

4、電池應包(bao)裝(zhuang)成箱進行運(yun)輸，在運(yun)輸過程(cheng)中應防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)劇(ju)烈振動、撞擊或擠壓，防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)日(ri)曬雨淋(lin)，可使用汽車、火車、輪船、飛(fei)機等交通工具(ju)進行運(yun)輸。

5、鋰電(dian)池(chi)存儲過程中應避免(mian)金屬物體進(jin)入電(dian)池(chi)箱，這可(ke)能導(dao)致電(dian)池(chi)產生泄露、發(fa)熱、冒(mao)煙、火(huo)災以(yi)及爆(bao)炸(zha)。

6、如果(guo)在(zai)高(gao)于規定的(de)(de)操作溫(wen)度，即35°C以(yi)上的(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)使(shi)用鋰電池(chi)(chi)(chi)，電池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電量(liang)將會不(bu)斷的(de)(de)減少。如果(guo)在(zai)這樣(yang)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度下，還要(yao)為(wei)鋰電池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電，那(nei)對電池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)損(sun)傷將更大。所以(yi)，盡(jin)量(liang)保持(chi)在(zai)適宜(yi)的(de)(de)操作溫(wen)度是延長鋰電壽命的(de)(de)好方法。

7、要想(xiang)發(fa)揮鋰(li)(li)離子電池(chi)的最大效能，就(jiu)需(xu)要經(jing)常用它(ta)，讓(rang)鋰(li)(li)電內(nei)的電子始終處于流動(dong)狀態(tai)。如果(guo)不(bu)經(jing)常使用鋰(li)(li)電池(chi)，請一(yi)定記(ji)得每(mei)月給鋰(li)(li)電完成一(yi)個充(chong)電周期，做一(yi)次電量(liang)校準，即深放深充(chong)一(yi)次。

8、淺放淺充對于鋰電更有益處，只有在產品的電源模塊為鋰電做校準時，才有深放深充的必要。所以，使用鋰電供電的產品不必拘泥于過程，一切以方便為先，隨時充電，不必擔心影響壽命。【詳細>>】

1、看外觀(guan)

看外(wai)觀是指看鋰(li)電池的外(wai)觀，做工(gong)，大小和工(gong)藝。看外(wai)殼(ke)接縫線(xian)寬不寬，是否(fou)有(you)毛刺，有(you)沒有(you)油漬，摸起來手(shou)感(gan)好(hao)不好(hao)，先進(jin)的工(gong)藝都是手(shou)感(gan)很舒服的，經過打磨，橡膠油拋光(guang)材料既手(shou)感(gan)好(hao)，同時絕緣性能也很強。

2、看(kan)是否明(ming)確標示容(rong)量

無明確標示(shi)容量的(de)鋰電(dian)池(chi)，很可(ke)能(neng)就是(shi)使(shi)(shi)用劣質(zhi)電(dian)池(chi)芯(xin)或回收(shou)電(dian)池(chi)芯(xin)重新組裝的(de)垃圾電(dian)池(chi)。市面上(shang)充斥(chi)著許多廉價的(de)鋰電(dian)池(chi)，就是(shi)使(shi)(shi)用回收(shou)電(dian)池(chi)芯(xin)或拆機電(dian)池(chi)芯(xin)做的(de)，價格雖(sui)然便宜，但(dan)是(shi)壽命短(duan)，品質(zhi)不穩(wen)定，使(shi)(shi)用不慎可(ke)能(neng)會損壞設(she)備(bei)，甚至發(fa)生爆炸。

3、看保護電路

鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的特性(xing)決(jue)定了鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一(yi)定要外(wai)加保護(hu)板，以防止鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過充(chong)、過放及短路(lu)等(deng)情況的發生(sheng)，不加保護(hu)板的鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會有(you)變形、漏液、爆炸的危險。在(zai)激烈(lie)的價格競爭下(xia)，各電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)封裝(zhuang)(zhuang)廠尋求更低價位的保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，或者根本省(sheng)略了這個(ge)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)，使得(de)市面(mian)上充(chong)斥著有(you)爆炸危險的鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。當(dang)然，實際上消費(fei)者無法從外(wai)觀分辨出來是(shi)否有(you)保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板，因此(ci)最好(hao)選擇(ze)有(you)信譽的商家購買。

4、看品(pin)牌

鋰電池的品牌很多，質量卻很難從外觀看出。在這種情況下，大家在選擇之前就要多做點功課，多去網上查詢一下廠商資料。通常來說，專業廠商比小作坊更靠譜，從業時間長的廠商比剛進入該領域的廠商更值得信任。【詳細>>】