隨著科(ke)學(xue)技術的發(fa)展，現在鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)類產品已(yi)經成(cheng)為了主(zhu)流。鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是一類由鋰金(jin)屬或鋰合金(jin)為負極(ji)材，使用非(fei)水電(dian)解(jie)質溶液制作(zuo)而(er)成(cheng)的電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，大致可分為鋰金(jin)屬電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)(he)鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)這兩種(zhong)類別(bie)。在文獻(xian)和(he)(he)(he)現實生活中，鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)(he)鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是互相(xiang)區(qu)別(bie)而(er)又有(you)繼(ji)承和(he)(he)(he)發(fa)展關系的一對概念，而(er)隨著鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的運用越來越廣泛，人們便普遍(bian)將鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)稱為鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。

鋰(li)金(jin)屬電(dian)(dian)池最早于(yu)1912年出并研究，也可稱為鋰(li)原電(dian)(dian)池，它是一種一次性電(dian)(dian)池，主要(yao)有鋰(li)錳，鋰(li)鐵電(dian)(dian)池等(deng)等(deng)。鋰(li)金(jin)屬電(dian)(dian)池可以連續放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，也可以間歇放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，一旦電(dian)(dian)能耗盡便不能再(zai)用(yong)，不可充電(dian)(dian)，充電(dian)(dian)極容易引起爆炸。

鋰(li)離子電(dian)池(chi)是指以(yi)兩(liang)種不同(tong)的，能夠(gou)可逆的，嵌(qian)入和脫嵌(qian)鋰(li)離子的嵌(qian)鋰(li)化(hua)合(he)物(wu)分別作為電(dian)池(chi)正極(ji)(ji)和負極(ji)(ji)的二次電(dian)池(chi)體(ti)系，鋰(li)離子電(dian)池(chi)可循環充(chong)電(dian)。鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)和鋰(li)離子電(dian)池(chi)的相同(tong)點是在(zai)正極(ji)(ji)和電(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)上，兩(liang)種電(dian)池(chi)都(dou)采用金屬氧化(hua)物(wu)和硫化(hua)物(wu)作為正極(ji)(ji)，而以(yi)有(you)機溶(rong)劑或無機鹽體(ti)系作為電(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)。

一、新(xin)電池充電

新電池(chi)(chi)一(yi)般要激活(huo)，電池(chi)(chi)放置一(yi)段時間后，會進入(ru)休(xiu)眠狀態，此時容(rong)量低于正常(chang)值，使用時間亦(yi)隨(sui)之(zhi)縮短，因此需要激活(huo)。鋰電池(chi)(chi)激活(huo)方(fang)法非常(chang)簡單(dan)，只要經過3—5次(ci)正常(chang)的充放電循環就可激活(huo)電池(chi)(chi)，恢復正常(chang)容(rong)量。

二、舊電(dian)池充電(dian)

1、充電方法

舊(jiu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)指已經充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)多次的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，而不(bu)是(shi)報廢的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽命與充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)次數(shu)無關，它沒有記憶效應，不(bu)論你怎么(me)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，都(dou)不(bu)會影響充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)循環次數(shu)。因此不(bu)要把電(dian)(dian)池(chi)用到完全(quan)沒電(dian)(dian)才去充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，最好是(shi)當(dang)你能充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，就盡量把電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)飽，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間以2-3小時(shi)以內為宜(yi)，當(dang)然你也(ye)不(bu)一(yi)定非要充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿。

2、充電電壓

鋰電(dian)(dian)池安(an)全工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)壓范圍(wei)是2.8到4.2V，低(di)于或高(gao)于這個電(dian)(dian)壓范圍(wei)，電(dian)(dian)池中的鋰離子變得(de)非常不穩定，甚至造成事故。為保證電(dian)(dian)池處于安(an)全范圍(wei)，因(yin)此需要(yao)專門的充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)。這些充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)會(hui)自動根據電(dian)(dian)池當前狀態而調整充電(dian)(dian)方式。

3、充電工具

鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)要用專(zhuan)用的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，它(ta)可以保(bao)障(zhang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的安全性(xing)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)工(gong)作時(shi)(shi)，以恒定(ding)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的升高，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)同時(shi)(shi)提高充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，以加(jia)快充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度(du)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池到達4.2V截止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)候，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池大約僅沖入70%左右的電(dian)(dian)(dian)量（并(bing)未(wei)飽滿）。此(ci)時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)即以恒定(ding)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，逐漸變(bian)小(xiao)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池繼(ji)續充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)值(zhi)至小(xiao)于0.1A充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)仍然檢測(ce)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓繼(ji)續升高時(shi)(shi)候才(cai)停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4、定期充電

長期不用的鋰電池，應該以半電狀態，存放在陰涼偏干燥的地方。滿電存放有危險，且電池會有損害，而無電存放，電池可能會被破壞，從而失去作用。在存放過程中，每隔3--6個月，要完成一個充電周期，做一次電量校準。【詳細>>】

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)一(yi)般能(neng)夠完全(quan)充(chong)(chong)放300-500個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)(zhou)期，超過這個(ge)次數(shu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)就不能(neng)用(yong)了，當(dang)然(ran)，這只能(neng)作為參(can)考(kao)。鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命(ming)和(he)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次數(shu)無關(guan)(guan)，與充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)周(zhou)(zhou)期有關(guan)(guan)，也就是從(cong)零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量充(chong)(chong)到(dao)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)次數(shu)。一(yi)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)(zhou)期意味著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)所有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量由滿(man)用(yong)到(dao)空(kong)，再由空(kong)充(chong)(chong)到(dao)滿(man)的(de)過程，這并(bing)不等同于充(chong)(chong)一(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。比如(ru)(ru)說，一(yi)塊鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在第一(yi)天只用(yong)了一(yi)半的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，然(ran)后(hou)又為它充(chong)(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。如(ru)(ru)果第二天還如(ru)(ru)此，即用(yong)一(yi)半就充(chong)(chong)，總共兩(liang)次充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下來，這只能(neng)算(suan)作一(yi)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)(zhou)期，而(er)不是兩(liang)個(ge)。

在日常生活中，通常可能要經過好幾次充電才完成一個周期。每完成一個充電周期，電池容量就會減少一點。不過，這個電量減少幅度非常小，高品質的電池充過多次周期后，仍然會保留原始容量的80%，很多鋰電供電產品在經過兩三年后仍然照常使用。當然，鋰電壽命到了最終后仍是需要更換的。【詳細>>】

鋰(li)電池可(ke)能(neng)會爆(bao)炸，其爆(bao)炸原因有很多，可(ke)大(da)致歸類為外部(bu)短路、內(nei)部(bu)短路、及(ji)過(guo)充三種。正常情況下，鋰(li)電池的(de)兩極(ji)本身是絕對(dui)不會接觸的(de)，因此電池廠商(shang)會在兩極(ji)之間放置隔膜。

質(zhi)量好的隔膜紙，在(zai)電(dian)池(chi)內部溫度(du)較高時，會(hui)(hui)將(jiang)(jiang)細孔關閉(bi)，將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)化學反應終(zhong)止(zhi)，使(shi)電(dian)流驟降(jiang)，溫度(du)也慢(man)慢(man)下降(jiang)，從而避免爆炸發生。但如(ru)果在(zai)各種(zhong)因素的影響下，導致(zhi)隔膜破裂，那么電(dian)池(chi)里所有(you)的能量都會(hui)(hui)涌(yong)向電(dian)解液，而電(dian)解液本身就是(shi)一種(zhong)不太(tai)穩定的化學物(wu)質(zhi)，承受太(tai)多能量之后，就大(da)量發熱，乃至起火爆炸。

鋰電(dian)池優(you)點

1、鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓平(ping)臺高，單體電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的平(ping)均電(dian)壓為3.7V或3.2V，約等于3只鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)或鎳(nie)氫電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的串聯電(dian)壓，便(bian)于組成電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)源組。

2、相對(dui)電池而(er)言(yan)鋰電池能量密(mi)(mi)度高。具有高儲(chu)存(cun)能量密(mi)(mi)度，目前已達(da)到460-600Wh/kg，是鉛酸電池的約6-7倍。

3、相(xiang)對鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)而言鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)重量(liang)輕，相(xiang)同體積(ji)下(xia)重量(liang)約為鉛酸(suan)產(chan)品的1/5-6。

4、鋰電池(chi)使(shi)(shi)用壽命相(xiang)對較長，使(shi)(shi)用壽命可(ke)(ke)達到6年以(yi)上，磷(lin)酸亞(ya)鐵鋰為正極(ji)的(de)電池(chi)用1CDOD充(chong)放(fang)，有可(ke)(ke)以(yi)使(shi)(shi)用1000次的(de)記錄。

5、具備高功率(lv)承受(shou)力，其中電(dian)動汽車用(yong)的磷酸(suan)亞鐵鋰鋰離子電(dian)池可(ke)以達(da)到(dao)15-30C充放電(dian)的能力，便于高強度的啟動加(jia)速。

6、自(zi)放電率(lv)低，無記憶效應(ying)，常(chang)應(ying)用于日常(chang)電子(zi)產品(pin)供電。

7、鋰電池(chi)高(gao)低溫適應性強，可(ke)(ke)以在-20℃--60℃的環境(jing)(jing)下使用(yong)，經(jing)過工(gong)藝上(shang)的處(chu)理，可(ke)(ke)以在-45℃環境(jing)(jing)下使用(yong)。

8、綠色(se)環保，不論生產(chan)、使用(yong)和報廢，都不含有、也不產(chan)生任何鉛、汞、鎘(ge)等有毒(du)有害(hai)重(zhong)金屬元素(su)和物質。

鋰電(dian)池(chi)的缺(que)點

1、鋰電池(chi)均(jun)存(cun)在安全性差(cha)，有(you)發生(sheng)爆(bao)炸的(de)危(wei)險(xian)。

2、鈷酸鋰材料的(de)鋰電池不能大電流放電，安全性較差。

3、鋰電(dian)池均需(xu)保護(hu)線路，防止電(dian)池被過充過放電(dian)。

4、生產要求條件高，成本高。【詳細(xi)>>】

1、鋰電(dian)池應儲(chu)存在(zai)陰涼、干燥、安(an)全的(de)環境，它可(ke)儲(chu)存在(zai)溫度(du)為-5～35℃，相(xiang)對濕度(du)不(bu)大于75%的(de)清潔、干燥、通風的(de)環境中(zhong)。注意(yi)在(zai)較熱的(de)環境中(zhong)存放電(dian)池，會不(bu)可(ke)避免的(de)對電(dian)池的(de)質量造成相(xiang)應的(de)損壞(huai)。

2、避免將鋰電池靠近熱源(yuan)、明火、易(yi)燃易(yi)爆氣體、液體，這樣可能導致電池泄(xie)露、發熱、冒煙、火災(zai)以(yi)及(ji)爆炸。

3、鋰電(dian)池(chi)如需長時(shi)間儲存（超(chao)過一個月），電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)量(liang)應(ying)保持標稱容量(liang)的(de)30%～50%，儲存時(shi)每月需對電(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行補充(chong)電(dian)1—2小時(shi)。

4、電池應包裝成箱進(jin)行(xing)運(yun)輸，在運(yun)輸過程中(zhong)應防(fang)止(zhi)劇(ju)烈振動、撞(zhuang)擊或擠壓，防(fang)止(zhi)日(ri)曬雨淋，可(ke)使用汽車、火車、輪船、飛機等交通工具進(jin)行(xing)運(yun)輸。

5、鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池存儲(chu)過程中應避(bi)免金(jin)屬(shu)物體進入電(dian)(dian)池箱(xiang)，這可能(neng)導致電(dian)(dian)池產生泄露、發熱、冒煙(yan)、火災以及爆炸(zha)。

6、如果(guo)在高于規定的(de)(de)操(cao)作溫(wen)(wen)度(du)，即35°C以上的(de)(de)環(huan)境中使(shi)用鋰(li)電(dian)池，電(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)量將會(hui)不斷的(de)(de)減少。如果(guo)在這樣的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)下，還要為鋰(li)電(dian)池充電(dian)，那對電(dian)池的(de)(de)損傷將更大。所以，盡量保持在適宜的(de)(de)操(cao)作溫(wen)(wen)度(du)是(shi)延長鋰(li)電(dian)壽命的(de)(de)好方法。

7、要想發揮(hui)鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池的最大效能，就需要經(jing)常用它(ta)，讓(rang)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)內的電(dian)(dian)子始終處于(yu)流動狀態。如果不經(jing)常使(shi)用鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池，請一定記得每月給鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)完成(cheng)一個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期(qi)，做一次電(dian)(dian)量校(xiao)準，即深(shen)(shen)放深(shen)(shen)充(chong)一次。

8、淺放淺充對于鋰電更有益處，只有在產品的電源模塊為鋰電做校準時，才有深放深充的必要。所以，使用鋰電供電的產品不必拘泥于過程，一切以方便為先，隨時充電，不必擔心影響壽命。【詳(xiang)細>>】

1、看外(wai)觀

看(kan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)觀是(shi)(shi)(shi)指看(kan)鋰電池的外(wai)(wai)(wai)觀，做工(gong)，大小和工(gong)藝。看(kan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)殼接縫線寬(kuan)不寬(kuan)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)否有毛刺，有沒有油漬，摸起(qi)來手(shou)感(gan)(gan)好(hao)不好(hao)，先進的工(gong)藝都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)手(shou)感(gan)(gan)很(hen)舒服的，經過打磨，橡膠油拋光材料既(ji)手(shou)感(gan)(gan)好(hao)，同(tong)時(shi)絕緣性能也很(hen)強。

2、看是否明確標示容量(liang)

無明(ming)確標示容量(liang)的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，很(hen)可能就是使用(yong)劣質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)芯(xin)或回收電(dian)(dian)池(chi)芯(xin)重新組裝(zhuang)的(de)垃(la)圾電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。市面(mian)上充斥著許多廉價的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，就是使用(yong)回收電(dian)(dian)池(chi)芯(xin)或拆機電(dian)(dian)池(chi)芯(xin)做的(de)，價格雖然便(bian)宜，但是壽命(ming)短，品質(zhi)不穩(wen)定(ding)，使用(yong)不慎可能會損(sun)壞(huai)設備(bei)，甚至發生爆炸。

3、看保護電路

鋰電池的(de)(de)(de)特性決定了鋰電池一定要外加保(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)，以防(fang)止鋰電池過充、過放(fang)及短路等情況的(de)(de)(de)發生，不加保(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)鋰電池會有(you)變形、漏液(ye)、爆炸的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)險。在(zai)激烈的(de)(de)(de)價格競(jing)爭下(xia)，各電池封裝廠尋求更低(di)價位的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電路，或(huo)者根本省略了這個裝置(zhi)，使得市面上(shang)充斥著(zhu)有(you)爆炸危(wei)險的(de)(de)(de)鋰電池。當然，實際上(shang)消費者無(wu)法(fa)從外觀分辨出來是否有(you)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電路板(ban)，因(yin)此最好選(xuan)擇有(you)信譽(yu)的(de)(de)(de)商家(jia)購買。

4、看品牌

鋰電池的品牌很多，質量卻很難從外觀看出。在這種情況下，大家在選擇之前就要多做點功課，多去網上查詢一下廠商資料。通常來說，專業廠商比小作坊更靠譜，從業時間長的廠商比剛進入該領域的廠商更值得信任。【詳細>>】