隨著科學技術的(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)，現(xian)在(zai)鋰(li)電(dian)池類產品已(yi)經成為了主流。鋰(li)電(dian)池是一類由(you)鋰(li)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬或鋰(li)合金(jin)(jin)(jin)為負極材(cai)，使(shi)用非水電(dian)解質溶液制作(zuo)而成的(de)電(dian)池，大致可分為鋰(li)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬電(dian)池和鋰(li)離子電(dian)池這兩種類別(bie)。在(zai)文獻和現(xian)實生活中，鋰(li)電(dian)池和鋰(li)離子電(dian)池是互相區別(bie)而又有繼承(cheng)和發展(zhan)(zhan)關系的(de)一對概念，而隨著鋰(li)離子電(dian)池的(de)運用越來越廣泛，人們(men)便普遍將鋰(li)離子電(dian)池稱為鋰(li)電(dian)池。

鋰(li)金屬(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)最早于1912年出并研究，也可(ke)稱為鋰(li)原電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，它是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種一(yi)(yi)次性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，主要有鋰(li)錳，鋰(li)鐵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)等等。鋰(li)金屬(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)以連(lian)續放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，也可(ke)以間歇放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一(yi)(yi)旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能耗盡(jin)便不(bu)能再用，不(bu)可(ke)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極容易(yi)引起爆(bao)炸(zha)。

鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是指以兩種不同的(de)(de)，能夠可(ke)逆的(de)(de)，嵌(qian)(qian)入和(he)(he)脫嵌(qian)(qian)鋰離子(zi)的(de)(de)嵌(qian)(qian)鋰化合物分別作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正極(ji)和(he)(he)負極(ji)的(de)(de)二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)體系，鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)循環(huan)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)相同點是在正極(ji)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質上，兩種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)都采用金屬(shu)氧化物和(he)(he)硫化物作(zuo)為(wei)正極(ji)，而(er)以有機溶劑或無(wu)機鹽(yan)體系作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質。

一、新電(dian)池充電(dian)

新電(dian)池一(yi)般要激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)活(huo)(huo)，電(dian)池放置一(yi)段時間后，會進入休眠狀態，此時容(rong)量低于(yu)正(zheng)常(chang)值(zhi)，使用(yong)時間亦隨之縮短(duan)，因此需(xu)要激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)活(huo)(huo)。鋰電(dian)池激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)活(huo)(huo)方法非(fei)常(chang)簡單，只要經過3—5次正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)充(chong)放電(dian)循(xun)環(huan)就可(ke)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)活(huo)(huo)電(dian)池，恢復正(zheng)常(chang)容(rong)量。

二(er)、舊電池(chi)充電

1、充電方法

舊電(dian)(dian)池是(shi)指(zhi)已經充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)多(duo)次的(de)電(dian)(dian)池，而不是(shi)報廢的(de)電(dian)(dian)池。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)壽命與充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)的(de)次數無關，它(ta)沒有(you)記憶效應，不論你(ni)怎(zen)么(me)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，都不會(hui)影響充(chong)電(dian)(dian)循環次數。因此不要把(ba)電(dian)(dian)池用(yong)到完全沒電(dian)(dian)才去充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，最(zui)好是(shi)當你(ni)能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，就盡量把(ba)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)飽，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間以2-3小時(shi)(shi)以內為宜，當然你(ni)也(ye)不一定非要充(chong)滿。

2、充電電壓

鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)安全(quan)(quan)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范(fan)圍是2.8到4.2V，低(di)于(yu)或高于(yu)這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范(fan)圍，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中的(de)鋰(li)離子變得非常不穩定，甚至造成事(shi)故。為保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)處于(yu)安全(quan)(quan)范(fan)圍，因此(ci)需要專門(men)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器。這些充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器會自動根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)當前狀態而調(diao)整充電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式。

3、充電工具

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要用專用的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，它(ta)可以保障充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)安全性。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)工作時(shi)(shi)，以恒定(ding)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)升(sheng)高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)同時(shi)(shi)提高充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以加快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度。當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)到達4.2V截止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)大(da)約僅沖入70%左右的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量（并未飽滿）。此(ci)時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)即以恒定(ding)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，逐漸變小(xiao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)繼(ji)續(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)(dang)值至小(xiao)于0.1A充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)仍然檢測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)繼(ji)續(xu)升(sheng)高時(shi)(shi)候(hou)才(cai)停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4、定期充電

長期不用的鋰電池，應該以半電狀態，存放在陰涼偏干燥的地方。滿電存放有危險，且電池會有損害，而無電存放，電池可能會被破壞，從而失去作用。在存放過程中，每隔3--6個月，要完成一個充電周期，做一次電量校準。【詳細>>】

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一(yi)般能(neng)夠完全充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)300-500個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期，超過這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)次數，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)用(yong)(yong)了，當然，這(zhe)(zhe)只能(neng)作(zuo)為參考(kao)。鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次數無關，與充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的周(zhou)期有關，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)從零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)到(dao)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的次數。一(yi)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期意味著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的所有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)由滿用(yong)(yong)到(dao)空(kong)，再由空(kong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)到(dao)滿的過程，這(zhe)(zhe)并不(bu)(bu)等同于充(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。比如(ru)說，一(yi)塊鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在第一(yi)天只用(yong)(yong)了一(yi)半的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)，然后又為它充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。如(ru)果第二天還如(ru)此，即用(yong)(yong)一(yi)半就(jiu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)，總共兩(liang)次充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下來，這(zhe)(zhe)只能(neng)算作(zuo)一(yi)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期，而不(bu)(bu)是(shi)兩(liang)個(ge)。

在日常生活中，通常可能要經過好幾次充電才完成一個周期。每完成一個充電周期，電池容量就會減少一點。不過，這個電量減少幅度非常小，高品質的電池充過多次周期后，仍然會保留原始容量的80%，很多鋰電供電產品在經過兩三年后仍然照常使用。當然，鋰電壽命到了最終后仍是需要更換的。【詳細>>】

鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)可(ke)能會爆炸(zha)，其爆炸(zha)原因(yin)有很多，可(ke)大致歸類為外(wai)部短路(lu)、內部短路(lu)、及過充三(san)種。正常情況下，鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)的兩極(ji)本身是絕對不會接觸的，因(yin)此電(dian)池(chi)廠商會在兩極(ji)之(zhi)間放置隔膜。

質(zhi)量(liang)好的(de)(de)隔膜紙，在電(dian)池(chi)內部溫度較高(gao)時，會(hui)將細孔關閉，將電(dian)化(hua)學反應(ying)終止，使(shi)電(dian)流驟降，溫度也(ye)慢慢下(xia)降，從而避免(mian)爆炸(zha)發(fa)生(sheng)。但如果在各種因(yin)素(su)的(de)(de)影響下(xia)，導(dao)致隔膜破裂，那么電(dian)池(chi)里所(suo)有的(de)(de)能量(liang)都會(hui)涌向電(dian)解(jie)液，而電(dian)解(jie)液本(ben)身就是(shi)一種不太穩定(ding)的(de)(de)化(hua)學物質(zhi)，承受太多(duo)能量(liang)之后，就大(da)量(liang)發(fa)熱，乃至起(qi)火爆炸(zha)。

鋰電池優(you)點

1、鋰電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓平臺高，單體電(dian)池(chi)的平均電(dian)壓為(wei)3.7V或(huo)3.2V，約等(deng)于(yu)3只鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)池(chi)或(huo)鎳(nie)氫電(dian)池(chi)的串(chuan)聯電(dian)壓，便(bian)于(yu)組成電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)源組。

2、相對電池而言鋰電池能量(liang)密度高。具有(you)高儲(chu)存能量(liang)密度，目前已達到460-600Wh/kg，是鉛(qian)酸電池的約(yue)6-7倍。

3、相對鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池而(er)言鋰電(dian)池重(zhong)量輕(qing)，相同體積(ji)下(xia)重(zhong)量約為鉛(qian)酸(suan)產(chan)品的1/5-6。

4、鋰(li)電池使用壽命(ming)相對(dui)較長，使用壽命(ming)可達到6年(nian)以(yi)上，磷酸亞鐵鋰(li)為正極的(de)電池用1CDOD充放，有可以(yi)使用1000次的(de)記錄。

5、具備高(gao)功(gong)率承受(shou)力(li)，其(qi)中電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車用(yong)的磷酸亞鐵鋰(li)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)池可以達到15-30C充放(fang)電(dian)的能力(li)，便于高(gao)強度的啟動(dong)加速。

6、自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)率低，無記(ji)憶效應，常應用(yong)于日(ri)常電(dian)子產品供電(dian)。

7、鋰電池高低(di)溫適(shi)應性強，可以在-20℃--60℃的(de)環境下使(shi)用(yong)，經(jing)過工(gong)藝上的(de)處理，可以在-45℃環境下使(shi)用(yong)。

8、綠(lv)色環保，不論(lun)生產、使用和報廢，都不含(han)有(you)、也(ye)不產生任何鉛、汞、鎘等有(you)毒(du)有(you)害重金屬元素和物質。

鋰(li)電池(chi)的缺(que)點(dian)

1、鋰(li)電池均存在安全性差(cha)，有發(fa)生爆炸的(de)危險。

2、鈷酸鋰材料的鋰電池不(bu)能大電流放(fang)電，安全性較差。

3、鋰電(dian)池(chi)均需保護線路，防止電(dian)池(chi)被過充過放電(dian)。

4、生產要求條件高，成本高。【詳細>>】

1、鋰電池應儲存在(zai)陰涼、干燥、安全的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)，它可儲存在(zai)溫度為-5～35℃，相對濕度不(bu)大于75%的(de)(de)(de)清潔、干燥、通風的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)中(zhong)。注意在(zai)較(jiao)熱的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)中(zhong)存放電池，會不(bu)可避免的(de)(de)(de)對電池的(de)(de)(de)質量造成相應的(de)(de)(de)損壞。

2、避免將鋰(li)電池靠近(jin)熱源、明火(huo)、易燃易爆(bao)氣體、液體，這樣可(ke)能(neng)導致電池泄(xie)露、發(fa)熱、冒(mao)煙、火(huo)災以(yi)及爆(bao)炸。

3、鋰(li)電(dian)池如需長時間儲存(cun)（超過(guo)一(yi)個月(yue)(yue)），電(dian)池電(dian)量應保持標(biao)稱(cheng)容量的(de)30%～50%，儲存(cun)時每月(yue)(yue)需對電(dian)池進行(xing)補充電(dian)1—2小時。

4、電池(chi)應包裝成箱進(jin)行(xing)運(yun)輸，在(zai)運(yun)輸過程中應防(fang)(fang)止劇烈振動、撞(zhuang)擊或(huo)擠壓(ya)，防(fang)(fang)止日曬雨淋，可(ke)使用汽車、火車、輪(lun)船(chuan)、飛機等(deng)交(jiao)通工具進(jin)行(xing)運(yun)輸。

5、鋰電池(chi)存儲過程中應避免金屬物體進入電池(chi)箱，這(zhe)可能導致電池(chi)產生泄露、發熱、冒煙、火災以及(ji)爆炸。

6、如果(guo)在(zai)高(gao)于規定的(de)操作溫度，即35°C以上的(de)環境(jing)中使用鋰電(dian)池(chi)，電(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)量(liang)將(jiang)會不斷的(de)減少。如果(guo)在(zai)這(zhe)樣的(de)溫度下，還要(yao)為鋰電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)，那對電(dian)池(chi)的(de)損傷將(jiang)更大。所以，盡量(liang)保持在(zai)適宜的(de)操作溫度是(shi)延長鋰電(dian)壽命的(de)好(hao)方法(fa)。

7、要(yao)想(xiang)發揮鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的最(zui)大效能(neng)，就需(xu)要(yao)經常(chang)用(yong)它，讓鋰電(dian)(dian)內的電(dian)(dian)子始終處于流動狀態。如果不(bu)經常(chang)使(shi)用(yong)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，請一(yi)(yi)定記得每(mei)月給鋰電(dian)(dian)完成一(yi)(yi)個(ge)充電(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期，做一(yi)(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)量校準，即深(shen)放深(shen)充一(yi)(yi)次(ci)。

8、淺放淺充對于鋰電更有益處，只有在產品的電源模塊為鋰電做校準時，才有深放深充的必要。所以，使用鋰電供電的產品不必拘泥于過程，一切以方便為先，隨時充電，不必擔心影響壽命。【詳細>>】

1、看外觀

看(kan)外觀是指看(kan)鋰電池(chi)的(de)外觀，做工(gong)，大小(xiao)和工(gong)藝。看(kan)外殼接(jie)縫線寬(kuan)不寬(kuan)，是否有毛(mao)刺，有沒(mei)有油漬，摸(mo)起來手(shou)感(gan)(gan)好(hao)(hao)不好(hao)(hao)，先(xian)進(jin)的(de)工(gong)藝都(dou)是手(shou)感(gan)(gan)很舒服的(de)，經過打磨，橡膠油拋(pao)光材料既手(shou)感(gan)(gan)好(hao)(hao)，同時(shi)絕緣性能也很強。

2、看是否明確標(biao)示容量

無明確標示容量的(de)(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，很可(ke)能就是使用(yong)(yong)劣質電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)芯或(huo)回(hui)收電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)芯重新組裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)垃圾電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。市面上充斥著許多廉價的(de)(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，就是使用(yong)(yong)回(hui)收電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)芯或(huo)拆機電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)芯做的(de)(de)，價格(ge)雖然便(bian)宜，但是壽命短，品質不穩定，使用(yong)(yong)不慎可(ke)能會(hui)損壞設備，甚(shen)至發生爆炸。

3、看保護電路

鋰電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特性決(jue)定(ding)了鋰電(dian)池(chi)一定(ding)要外加(jia)保(bao)護板(ban)(ban)，以防止(zhi)鋰電(dian)池(chi)過充、過放(fang)及短路(lu)等情況的(de)(de)(de)(de)發生，不加(jia)保(bao)護板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰電(dian)池(chi)會有變形、漏液、爆炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)危險(xian)。在激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)價格競(jing)爭下，各(ge)電(dian)池(chi)封裝(zhuang)廠(chang)尋求(qiu)更低價位的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護電(dian)路(lu)，或(huo)者根(gen)本省略了這(zhe)個裝(zhuang)置，使得市(shi)面(mian)上充斥著(zhu)有爆炸(zha)危險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰電(dian)池(chi)。當然，實際上消費者無法(fa)從外觀分辨出來是否有保(bao)護電(dian)路(lu)板(ban)(ban)，因(yin)此最好選擇有信譽的(de)(de)(de)(de)商家購買。

4、看品(pin)牌

鋰電池的品牌很多，質量卻很難從外觀看出。在這種情況下，大家在選擇之前就要多做點功課，多去網上查詢一下廠商資料。通常來說，專業廠商比小作坊更靠譜，從業時間長的廠商比剛進入該領域的廠商更值得信任。【詳細(xi)>>】