隨著科學(xue)技術的發展，現(xian)在鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)類(lei)產品已經成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)了主流。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是一(yi)類(lei)由(you)鋰(li)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)或鋰(li)合(he)金(jin)為(wei)負(fu)極材(cai)，使用(yong)非(fei)水電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)溶液制作而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，大致可分為(wei)鋰(li)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)這兩(liang)種類(lei)別(bie)。在文獻(xian)和(he)(he)現(xian)實生活中，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是互相(xiang)區別(bie)而(er)又有繼承和(he)(he)發展關系的一(yi)對概念，而(er)隨著鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的運用(yong)越來(lai)越廣泛(fan)，人(ren)們便普遍將鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)稱為(wei)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。

鋰(li)(li)(li)金屬(shu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)最早于1912年出并研究，也(ye)可稱為(wei)鋰(li)(li)(li)原電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，它是一(yi)種一(yi)次性電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，主要有鋰(li)(li)(li)錳，鋰(li)(li)(li)鐵電(dian)池(chi)(chi)等等。鋰(li)(li)(li)金屬(shu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)可以連續放電(dian)，也(ye)可以間歇放電(dian)，一(yi)旦(dan)電(dian)能耗盡便不能再(zai)用，不可充電(dian)，充電(dian)極容易引起爆炸。

鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是指以兩(liang)種不(bu)同的，能夠可逆的，嵌(qian)入和脫嵌(qian)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)的嵌(qian)鋰(li)(li)化(hua)(hua)合物分別作為電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)和負極(ji)的二次(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)體(ti)系，鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可循環充電(dian)(dian)。鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的相(xiang)同點(dian)是在正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)和電(dian)(dian)解質上(shang)，兩(liang)種電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)都采用金屬(shu)氧化(hua)(hua)物和硫化(hua)(hua)物作為正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)，而以有機溶劑(ji)或無機鹽(yan)體(ti)系作為電(dian)(dian)解質。

一、新電池充電

新(xin)電(dian)池一般要激(ji)活(huo)，電(dian)池放(fang)置(zhi)一段時(shi)間后，會進入休眠狀態，此時(shi)容量(liang)低于正常值(zhi)，使用時(shi)間亦隨之縮短，因此需要激(ji)活(huo)。鋰電(dian)池激(ji)活(huo)方法(fa)非常簡單(dan)，只(zhi)要經過3—5次正常的充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)循(xun)環就可激(ji)活(huo)電(dian)池，恢(hui)復正常容量(liang)。

二(er)、舊電池充電

1、充電方法

舊電池(chi)是指(zhi)已(yi)經充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電多次的(de)電池(chi)，而(er)不是報(bao)廢的(de)電池(chi)。鋰電池(chi)的(de)壽命與(yu)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電的(de)次數無關(guan)，它沒(mei)有(you)記憶效應，不論(lun)你(ni)怎么充(chong)(chong)電，都不會影響充(chong)(chong)電循環(huan)次數。因(yin)此不要把電池(chi)用到完全(quan)沒(mei)電才(cai)去充(chong)(chong)電，最好是當你(ni)能充(chong)(chong)電時，就盡量把電池(chi)充(chong)(chong)飽，充(chong)(chong)電時間以2-3小時以內為宜，當然你(ni)也(ye)不一定非(fei)要充(chong)(chong)滿(man)。

2、充電電壓

鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池安全工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓范圍(wei)是2.8到(dao)4.2V，低(di)于或高(gao)于這(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓范圍(wei)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池中(zhong)的鋰(li)離子變(bian)得(de)非(fei)常(chang)不穩定，甚至(zhi)造成事故(gu)。為保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)池處(chu)于安全范圍(wei)，因(yin)此需要專(zhuan)門的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。這(zhe)些充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)會自動根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)池當(dang)前狀態(tai)而調(diao)整(zheng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式。

3、充電工具

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要用專用的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，它可(ke)以保障充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)安全性。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)工作時(shi)，以恒定的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)升高(gao)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)同時(shi)提高(gao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，以加快充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池到達4.2V截止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)候(hou)，此時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池大約(yue)僅沖入70%左右的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量（并未飽(bao)滿）。此時(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)即以恒定的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，逐(zhu)漸(jian)變小的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池繼(ji)(ji)續充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當值至小于0.1A充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)仍然(ran)檢測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓繼(ji)(ji)續升高(gao)時(shi)候(hou)才(cai)停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4、定期充電

長期不用的鋰電池，應該以半電狀態，存放在陰涼偏干燥的地方。滿電存放有危險，且電池會有損害，而無電存放，電池可能會被破壞，從而失去作用。在存放過程中，每隔3--6個月，要完成一個充電周期，做一次電量校準。【詳(xiang)細>>】

鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)一(yi)(yi)般能夠完(wan)全(quan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放300-500個(ge)(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)周期，超(chao)過這個(ge)(ge)次(ci)數(shu)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)就不(bu)能用了，當然，這只能作為(wei)(wei)參(can)考(kao)。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)次(ci)數(shu)無關，與充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)的(de)周期有關，也就是從零電(dian)(dian)量充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)到滿電(dian)(dian)量的(de)次(ci)數(shu)。一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)周期意味著電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)所有電(dian)(dian)量由滿用到空(kong)，再由空(kong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)到滿的(de)過程，這并不(bu)等(deng)同于(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)。比如(ru)說，一(yi)(yi)塊鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)在第(di)一(yi)(yi)天只用了一(yi)(yi)半的(de)電(dian)(dian)量，然后又為(wei)(wei)它充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)。如(ru)果第(di)二(er)天還(huan)如(ru)此，即用一(yi)(yi)半就充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，總共兩次(ci)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)下來(lai)，這只能算作一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)周期，而(er)不(bu)是兩個(ge)(ge)。

在日常生活中，通常可能要經過好幾次充電才完成一個周期。每完成一個充電周期，電池容量就會減少一點。不過，這個電量減少幅度非常小，高品質的電池充過多次周期后，仍然會保留原始容量的80%，很多鋰電供電產品在經過兩三年后仍然照常使用。當然，鋰電壽命到了最終后仍是需要更換的。【詳細>>】

鋰電池(chi)可能會(hui)爆(bao)炸，其爆(bao)炸原因(yin)有(you)很多，可大致歸類為外部短路、內(nei)部短路、及過充三(san)種(zhong)。正常情況下(xia)，鋰電池(chi)的兩極本身是絕對不會(hui)接(jie)觸的，因(yin)此(ci)電池(chi)廠商(shang)會(hui)在兩極之(zhi)間放(fang)置(zhi)隔膜。

質量好的(de)隔(ge)膜(mo)紙，在電(dian)池內部溫(wen)度較高時(shi)，會將細孔關(guan)閉，將電(dian)化學(xue)反應終(zhong)止，使電(dian)流驟降(jiang)，溫(wen)度也慢(man)慢(man)下(xia)降(jiang)，從(cong)而避免爆(bao)炸發生(sheng)。但如果在各種(zhong)因素的(de)影響(xiang)下(xia)，導致隔(ge)膜(mo)破裂，那么電(dian)池里所有的(de)能(neng)量都會涌向電(dian)解液，而電(dian)解液本身就(jiu)是一種(zhong)不(bu)太(tai)(tai)穩定的(de)化學(xue)物質，承受太(tai)(tai)多能(neng)量之后，就(jiu)大(da)量發熱，乃至起火(huo)爆(bao)炸。

鋰電池優點

1、鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓平臺高，單體電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)平均電(dian)壓為(wei)3.7V或(huo)3.2V，約等于3只鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)或(huo)鎳(nie)氫電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)串(chuan)聯電(dian)壓，便于組(zu)(zu)成電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)源組(zu)(zu)。

2、相對電池(chi)而言鋰電池(chi)能(neng)量密(mi)度高。具有高儲存能(neng)量密(mi)度，目前已達到460-600Wh/kg，是鉛酸電池(chi)的約6-7倍。

3、相對鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池而(er)言(yan)鋰電(dian)池重量輕，相同體積下重量約(yue)為鉛(qian)酸產(chan)品的1/5-6。

4、鋰(li)電(dian)池使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)相對較長，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)可達到6年以上，磷酸亞鐵鋰(li)為正極(ji)的(de)電(dian)池用(yong)(yong)1CDOD充放，有可以使(shi)用(yong)(yong)1000次的(de)記錄。

5、具備(bei)高功(gong)率(lv)承(cheng)受力(li)，其中電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)用的(de)磷酸亞鐵鋰鋰離子電(dian)池可以達到(dao)15-30C充放電(dian)的(de)能力(li)，便于高強(qiang)度的(de)啟動(dong)加速。

6、自放電(dian)率低，無記憶效應，常應用于日(ri)常電(dian)子產品供(gong)電(dian)。

7、鋰電池(chi)高低(di)溫適應性強，可以(yi)在-20℃--60℃的(de)環境下使(shi)(shi)用，經過工藝上的(de)處理，可以(yi)在-45℃環境下使(shi)(shi)用。

8、綠(lv)色環保，不論生(sheng)(sheng)產、使用和(he)報廢，都不含有(you)、也不產生(sheng)(sheng)任何(he)鉛、汞、鎘等有(you)毒有(you)害重金屬元素和(he)物質。

鋰電池的缺點(dian)

1、鋰電池均存在安全性差，有發生爆(bao)炸的危險。

2、鈷酸鋰(li)材料的鋰(li)電(dian)池不能大電(dian)流放電(dian)，安全(quan)性較差(cha)。

3、鋰電池(chi)均(jun)需保護線路，防止(zhi)電池(chi)被過充(chong)過放電。

4、生產要求條件高，成本高。【詳細(xi)>>】

1、鋰電(dian)池(chi)應儲存在陰(yin)涼、干燥(zao)、安全(quan)的環境(jing)，它可(ke)儲存在溫度(du)(du)為-5～35℃，相對濕度(du)(du)不(bu)大于75%的清潔、干燥(zao)、通風的環境(jing)中。注意在較熱的環境(jing)中存放電(dian)池(chi)，會不(bu)可(ke)避免的對電(dian)池(chi)的質量造成相應的損壞。

2、避免將鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)靠近熱源、明火、易(yi)燃易(yi)爆氣體(ti)、液體(ti)，這樣可能導致電(dian)(dian)池(chi)泄露、發熱、冒煙、火災以及爆炸。

3、鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池如需長時間(jian)儲存(cun)（超過一(yi)個月），電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)量應保持標稱容量的30%～50%，儲存(cun)時每(mei)月需對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行補充(chong)電(dian)(dian)1—2小時。

4、電池應包裝成箱進行運輸，在(zai)運輸過程中應防止劇烈振動、撞擊或擠壓，防止日曬雨(yu)淋(lin)，可(ke)使(shi)用汽車(che)、火(huo)車(che)、輪船、飛(fei)機(ji)等(deng)交通工具進行運輸。

5、鋰電(dian)池存儲過(guo)程(cheng)中應避免金屬物體進入電(dian)池箱，這(zhe)可能導致電(dian)池產生泄露、發熱(re)、冒煙、火災以及爆(bao)炸。

6、如果(guo)在(zai)高于規定(ding)的操作溫度(du)(du)，即35°C以(yi)上的環境中(zhong)使用(yong)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)量將(jiang)會不斷的減少。如果(guo)在(zai)這樣的溫度(du)(du)下(xia)，還要為鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)，那對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的損(sun)傷將(jiang)更大。所以(yi)，盡量保(bao)持在(zai)適宜的操作溫度(du)(du)是延長鋰電(dian)(dian)壽命的好方(fang)法(fa)。

7、要想(xiang)發揮鋰(li)離子電(dian)池的最(zui)大效(xiao)能，就需(xu)要經(jing)常(chang)(chang)用它，讓(rang)鋰(li)電(dian)內的電(dian)子始終(zhong)處于(yu)流動狀態。如果不經(jing)常(chang)(chang)使用鋰(li)電(dian)池，請一(yi)定記得每月給鋰(li)電(dian)完(wan)成一(yi)個(ge)充電(dian)周期，做一(yi)次電(dian)量校準(zhun)，即深放深充一(yi)次。

8、淺放淺充對于鋰電更有益處，只有在產品的電源模塊為鋰電做校準時，才有深放深充的必要。所以，使用鋰電供電的產品不必拘泥于過程，一切以方便為先，隨時充電，不必擔心影響壽命。【詳細>>】

1、看外觀

看外觀(guan)(guan)是(shi)指看鋰電池的(de)外觀(guan)(guan)，做工(gong)(gong)，大小和(he)工(gong)(gong)藝。看外殼接縫線寬不寬，是(shi)否有(you)毛刺，有(you)沒有(you)油漬，摸起來手(shou)感(gan)好(hao)不好(hao)，先進(jin)的(de)工(gong)(gong)藝都是(shi)手(shou)感(gan)很舒服的(de)，經(jing)過(guo)打(da)磨，橡膠油拋光材料既手(shou)感(gan)好(hao)，同時絕(jue)緣(yuan)性能也(ye)很強。

2、看(kan)是否明(ming)確標示容量

無明(ming)確標示容量(liang)的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，很可能就是使(shi)(shi)用劣質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)芯(xin)或回(hui)收電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)芯(xin)重(zhong)新組(zu)裝的(de)垃圾電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。市面上充斥著許多(duo)廉價的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，就是使(shi)(shi)用回(hui)收電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)芯(xin)或拆機電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)芯(xin)做的(de)，價格(ge)雖然(ran)便宜(yi)，但是壽命短(duan)，品質(zhi)不(bu)穩定，使(shi)(shi)用不(bu)慎可能會損壞設備，甚至(zhi)發生爆炸(zha)。

3、看保護電(dian)路

鋰電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)特性決定了鋰電(dian)(dian)池一(yi)定要外加保(bao)護(hu)板(ban)，以防止鋰電(dian)(dian)池過(guo)充(chong)、過(guo)放及短路(lu)等情況的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生，不加保(bao)護(hu)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)池會(hui)有變形、漏(lou)液、爆(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)險。在激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)價格(ge)競爭下，各(ge)電(dian)(dian)池封裝廠尋求更低價位的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)，或者根本省略了這(zhe)個(ge)裝置，使得(de)市面上充(chong)斥著(zhu)有爆(bao)(bao)炸危(wei)險的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)池。當然，實際上消費(fei)者無法從外觀分辨出來(lai)是否有保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)板(ban)，因此最好選擇有信(xin)譽的(de)(de)(de)(de)商家購(gou)買。

4、看品(pin)牌

鋰電池的品牌很多，質量卻很難從外觀看出。在這種情況下，大家在選擇之前就要多做點功課，多去網上查詢一下廠商資料。通常來說，專業廠商比小作坊更靠譜，從業時間長的廠商比剛進入該領域的廠商更值得信任。【詳(xiang)細>>】