地(di)(di)熱(re)地(di)(di)板,是(shi)指(zhi)鋪(pu)設在設置有地(di)(di)面輻射供(gong)暖系統上的(de)(de)木地(di)(di)板。由于地(di)(di)熱(re)環境下,地(di)(di)板需要承(cheng)受一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)熱(re)量,因此(ci)需要選(xuan)擇(ze)適合在地(di)(di)熱(re)環境下使用(yong)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)板,不是(shi)隨便(bian)哪(na)一(yi)(yi)種普通地(di)(di)板就可以的(de)(de)。那(nei)么,地(di)(di)熱(re)采暖哪(na)種地(di)(di)板好(hao)?地(di)(di)熱(re)鋪(pu)瓷磚(zhuan)還(huan)是(shi)地(di)(di)板好(hao)呢(ni)?
耐熱尺寸穩定性要好
這一點要看地板的(de)基材密度及(ji)內結合(he)強(qiang)度,內結合(he)強(qiang)度越(yue)高,說明(ming)地板承受(shou)溫度變(bian)化的(de)能力越(yue)好,不至(zhi)于發生開裂等現象,只有基材為相對致(zhi)密的(de)木(mu)材的(de)地板,才(cai)能保(bao)證(zheng)長期在高溫下不開裂、不變(bian)形。
耐濕尺寸穩定性能好
含水率(lv)(lv)要(yao)偏低,這(zhe)樣受熱后就不(bu)(bu)容易變形;不(bu)(bu)懼怕(pa)潮濕環(huan)境(jing),即吸水后的(de)膨(peng)脹(zhang)率(lv)(lv)要(yao)小(xiao)于(yu)等于(yu)2.5%。一般來(lai)說,膨(peng)脹(zhang)率(lv)(lv)越小(xiao),地板(ban)的(de)防潮性(xing)能(neng)越好。
甲醛釋放量不能超標
要求在長時間加(jia)熱(re)的(de)(de)條件(jian)下,甲(jia)醛釋(shi)放量(liang)不(bu)會超(chao)標。消費者選擇地熱(re)地板(ban)時,一(yi)定要盡可(ke)能(neng)選擇甲(jia)醛含量(liang)低的(de)(de)地板(ban),因為溫度越(yue)高,甲(jia)醛釋(shi)放量(liang)越(yue)多(duo),在相對封閉的(de)(de)居(ju)室(shi)內,再加(jia)上室(shi)內其他物品(pin)造(zao)成的(de)(de)甲(jia)醛釋(shi)放,室(shi)內甲(jia)醛有(you)可(ke)能(neng)會超(chao)標,對人體造(zao)成危害。
傳熱要快
要(yao)利于熱(re)交(jiao)換和傳(chuan)導,墊層材料(liao)不(bu)宜(yi)過厚;尺寸(cun)宜(yi)薄不(bu)宜(yi)厚,宜(yi)寬不(bu)宜(yi)窄,以(yi)利于抗變形、熱(re)傳(chuan)導的(de)要(yao)求。從各(ge)種裝飾材料(liao)導熱(re)系數的(de)不(bu)同導致的(de)熱(re)效率差異來看,熱(re)效率越高,運(yun)行費用越低。
地(di)面材料導熱系(xi)數由大到小的順(shun)序排列為:天然石材>瓷磚>實(shi)木復合地(di)板>強化(hua)木地(di)板>實(shi)木地(di)板>化(hua)纖地(di)毯>純毛地(di)毯。要達(da)到同(tong)等(deng)采暖(nuan)效果(guo),導熱系(xi)數越小,運行費用越高。
現在市場上(shang)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)種類很多,有實(shi)木(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)、復(fu)(fu)合地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)等(deng)。一般(ban)來說,強化地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)、實(shi)木(mu)(mu)多層地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)等(deng)復(fu)(fu)合地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)更適(shi)合做地(di)(di)(di)熱地(di)(di)(di)板(ban),而(er)未經(jing)特殊技術處理的實(shi)木(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)不適(shi)宜地(di)(di)(di)熱。
首(shou)先,在厚度(du)和(he)導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)性的要求上,地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)(re)(re)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的標(biao)準(zhun)厚度(du)為6.5~8.5mm,復合地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的厚度(du)大(da)多為6~9mm,其中(zhong)強化(hua)復合地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)多為6~8mm,三層實木復合地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)為8~9mm,傳熱(re)(re)(re)性能更好,且其表(biao)面有一(yi)層三氧(yang)化(hua)二(er)鋁的耐(nai)(nai)磨層,這個耐(nai)(nai)磨層有利(li)于熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)在地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)快速擴散;而實木地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)一(yi)般厚度(du)在2cm左右(you),安(an)裝時(shi)還要打龍(long)骨(gu),用做(zuo)地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)(re)(re)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的話,地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)地(di)(di)(di)面之(zhi)間有空(kong)氣,空(kong)氣和(he)木材的熱(re)(re)(re)傳導(dao)系數都(dou)非常低,這樣(yang)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)不易傳導(dao)到地(di)(di)(di)表(biao),會(hui)導(dao)致熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)的浪費(fei),地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)溫度(du)不均勻,溫差(cha)感覺明(ming)顯。
其次,在木(mu)材的(de)(de)含水(shui)量(liang)(liang)和膨(peng)脹率上,復(fu)合地板是經過高(gao)溫壓制的(de)(de),內部水(shui)分(fen)含量(liang)(liang)非常少,所以地板不會(hui)因(yin)為水(shui)分(fen)的(de)(de)散失而(er)產生(sheng)變形。多層實木(mu)復(fu)合地板每層間橫(heng)豎(shu)交錯(cuo),互相牽(qian)制,背面還有密集的(de)(de)抗變形溝槽(cao),分(fen)解了受熱(re)面產生(sheng)的(de)(de)應力(li),因(yin)此變形量(liang)(liang)很小;而(er)實木(mu)地板含水(shui)量(liang)(liang)高(gao),在長時間高(gao)溫加熱(re)的(de)(de)情況下,容易(yi)開(kai)裂(lie)變形。
如果(guo)一定(ding)要(yao)選用普通(tong)實木(mu)地(di)板(ban)的話,應(ying)盡量選用背(bei)面有履膜層型的地(di)板(ban),因為這樣能防潮防水,且能保持木(mu)材含水率與周圍環境(jing)的濕度平衡。
強(qiang)化地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、實木多層(ceng)(ceng)地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)雖然均適合(he)地(di)(di)熱使用,但因品牌不同、品質差異,并非所有強(qiang)化地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、多層(ceng)(ceng)實木地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)鋪(pu)地(di)(di)熱都能取得良好效(xiao)果。消費(fei)者還是(shi)應從四(si)個標(biao)(biao)準衡量地(di)(di)熱地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的好壞,即熱穩定性(xing)能是(shi)否(fou)合(he)格、熱傳(chuan)導性(xing)能是(shi)否(fou)好、環保(bao)性(xing)能是(shi)否(fou)達標(biao)(biao)、抗變形(xing)性(xing)能是(shi)否(fou)達標(biao)(biao)。
不要被地熱采暖誤導
現在很多(duo)商家為了提(ti)高銷量,都說自己的(de)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)可以用于地(di)(di)(di)熱采(cai)暖(nuan)系統(tong)。其實(shi),這(zhe)是(shi)一種非(fei)常嚴重(zhong)的(de)誤(wu)導。因為,并不是(shi)什(shen)么地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)都適合使用地(di)(di)(di)熱采(cai)暖(nuan)的(de)。比如大(da)部分的(de)12mm~18mm厚的(de)普通(tong)實(shi)木(mu)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)、竹地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)都是(shi)不能(neng)采(cai)用地(di)(di)(di)熱采(cai)暖(nuan)系統(tong)的(de),使用了容易影響熱量傳導,甚至會讓(rang)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)變。
關注地板基材的密度和內結合強度
優質(zhi)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)暖地(di)(di)板的(de)(de)密(mi)度(du)(du)是比較高的(de)(de),一般達到了0.95g/cm3,這類地(di)(di)板的(de)(de)熱穩定性(xing)好,能保證地(di)(di)板長時(shi)間在(zai)高溫下(xia)不會變(bian)形、開裂。另外,地(di)(di)暖地(di)(di)板的(de)(de)吸(xi)水厚度(du)(du)不能大(da)于(yu)2.5%。因為吸(xi)水厚度(du)(du)膨脹率越小(xiao)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)板,其防潮性(xing)越好。
不要聽信純實木地暖地板無甲醛說法
最后(hou),在(zai)(zai)選(xuan)購(gou)地(di)暖(nuan)地(di)板的(de)(de)時候,不要(yao)(yao)聽信純實木(mu)零甲(jia)醛的(de)(de)說法(fa)。通(tong)常(chang),在(zai)(zai)自然界生長的(de)(de)樹木(mu)都是(shi)(shi)含有(you)甲(jia)醛的(de)(de),不存在(zai)(zai)無甲(jia)醛的(de)(de)樹木(mu)。而(er)在(zai)(zai)購(gou)買的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中,選(xuan)購(gou)甲(jia)醛釋放量符合標準(zhun)的(de)(de)才是(shi)(shi)關鍵(jian)。另外,在(zai)(zai)購(gou)買地(di)板時,還要(yao)(yao)查看產品質檢報告中是(shi)(shi)否含有(you)有(you)害物質。
保溫性
木(mu)地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)會比(bi)瓷磚(zhuan)(zhuan)更(geng)好。雖然瓷磚(zhuan)(zhuan)可(ke)以快速(su)達到預設的(de)熱度(du),而地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)因為木(mu)材(cai)和厚度(du)不同則需要(yao)1~3小時的(de)時間,但木(mu)地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)的(de)保溫(wen)性比(bi)瓷磚(zhuan)(zhuan)強(qiang)。在同樣的(de)溫(wen)度(du)下,當我們(men)關閉地(di)(di)暖(nuan)后,鋪木(mu)地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)的(de)屋內能更(geng)長(chang)時間保持較高(gao)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)。
環保性
木地(di)(di)(di)(di)板會(hui)比瓷磚更(geng)環(huan)保。這點可以從它們(men)的基層(ceng)就能得知,由于木地(di)(di)(di)(di)板使用的是天然木材(cai)作原材(cai)料,因此會(hui)更(geng)加環(huan)保。但最環(huan)保的實(shi)木地(di)(di)(di)(di)板并不適(shi)合(he)做(zuo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)暖地(di)(di)(di)(di)板使用,而復合(he)木地(di)(di)(di)(di)板或(huo)多(duo)或(huo)少(shao)都含有(you)一(yi)定含量的甲(jia)(jia)醛(quan),地(di)(di)(di)(di)暖的加熱會(hui)加速甲(jia)(jia)醛(quan)的釋放,因此我們(men)選擇(ze)時要盡可能選擇(ze)甲(jia)(jia)醛(quan)含量低(di)的地(di)(di)(di)(di)板。
舒適度
木地板(ban)會(hui)比瓷磚更舒(shu)(shu)適更溫(wen)暖。這是(shi)因為木地板(ban)腳感舒(shu)(shu)適,當我們行走在上面時(shi)可以(yi)感到溫(wen)暖舒(shu)(shu)適,而瓷磚的質(zhi)地堅硬,不易營造出溫(wen)暖的感覺。
穩定性
瓷磚(zhuan)會(hui)比木(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)更(geng)穩(wen)定更(geng)耐用。這是(shi)因為(wei)木(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)如果(guo)處于溫差較大的(de)環(huan)(huan)境中,它會(hui)出現(xian)熱脹(zhang)冷縮的(de)現(xian)象,并且它則存在(zai)一(yi)定的(de)變(bian)形幾率,在(zai)受熱之后會(hui)產生(sheng)相應(ying)的(de)變(bian)化,如果(guo)變(bian)化過大,有可能導致地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)變(bian)形起翹(qiao),所以實(shi)(shi)木(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)不(bu)適合做地(di)(di)(di)熱地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)用。如果(guo)地(di)(di)(di)暖選擇鋪木(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban),那(nei)你最(zui)好選用多(duo)層(ceng)實(shi)(shi)木(mu)(mu)復合地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)。因為(wei)在(zai)同樣的(de)環(huan)(huan)境下,多(duo)層(ceng)實(shi)(shi)木(mu)(mu)復合地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)最(zui)穩(wen)定,不(bu)易(yi)變(bian)形。后期維護方面,瓷磚(zhuan)的(de)打理非常輕(qing)松方便,木(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)相對(dui)來說要復雜。
風格搭配
雖(sui)然地(di)磚的花紋(wen)和(he)風格(ge)比(bi)較(jiao)多,但它的材質(zhi)較(jiao)為生硬,并(bing)且光澤(ze)度不(bu)如(ru)木(mu)(mu)地(di)板(ban),而木(mu)(mu)地(di)板(ban)的紋(wen)理天然豐富,所以木(mu)(mu)地(di)板(ban)會比(bi)較(jiao)好一些。例如(ru)歐式(shi)田園風格(ge)使用仿古(gu)地(di)磚效(xiao)果(guo)很好,淺色(se)的地(di)磚也可(ke)以很好的襯托出(chu)現代時尚的裝修(xiu)風格(ge)。