一、銅是什么
銅(tong)(tong)（Cuprum）是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種金(jin)屬元(yuan)(yuan)素(su)，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種過(guo)渡元(yuan)(yuan)素(su)，化學符(fu)號(hao)Cu，英文copper，原(yuan)子(zi)序數(shu)29。純銅(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)柔軟(ruan)的(de)金(jin)屬，表面(mian)剛切開時為紅(hong)橙色帶金(jin)屬光澤(ze)，單質呈(cheng)紫紅(hong)色。延(yan)展(zhan)性(xing)(xing)好，導熱性(xing)(xing)和導電(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)高(gao)，因此在電(dian)(dian)纜和電(dian)(dian)氣、電(dian)(dian)子(zi)元(yuan)(yuan)件是(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)常用(yong)的(de)材料，也可(ke)用(yong)作建(jian)筑材料，可(ke)以組成眾多種合金(jin)。銅(tong)(tong)合金(jin)機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)能(neng)優異，電(dian)(dian)阻率很低，其(qi)中(zhong)最(zui)重要(yao)的(de)數(shu)青銅(tong)(tong)和黃銅(tong)(tong)。此外，銅(tong)(tong)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)耐用(yong)的(de)金(jin)屬，可(ke)以多次(ci)回(hui)收而(er)無損其(qi)機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)能(neng)。
二、銅的種類及用途
銅(tong)的種類主要有紫銅(tong)，黃銅(tong)，青銅(tong)和白銅(tong)四種。
1、紫銅
又(you)名(ming)紅銅(tong)(tong)，是(shi)銅(tong)(tong)單質，因其具有玫瑰紅色，表面形成氧(yang)(yang)化膜(mo)后呈紫色，故一般稱為紫銅(tong)(tong)。中國(guo)紫銅(tong)(tong)加(jia)工材按成分可分為：普通紫銅(tong)(tong)（T1、T2、T3、T4）、無氧(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)（TU1、TU2和(he)高純(chun)、真空無氧(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)）、脫氧(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)（TUP、TUMn）、添(tian)加(jia)少量合金元素的(de)特(te)種(zhong)銅(tong)(tong)（砷銅(tong)(tong)、碲(di)銅(tong)(tong)、銀銅(tong)(tong)）四類。紫銅(tong)(tong)具有很好(hao)的(de)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)性和(he)導熱性，塑性極好(hao)，易(yi)于(yu)(yu)熱壓和(he)冷壓力加(jia)工，大量用于(yu)(yu)制(zhi)造(zao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線、電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜、電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷、電(dian)(dian)(dian)火花(hua)專用電(dian)(dian)(dian)蝕銅(tong)(tong)等(deng)要求導電(dian)(dian)(dian)性良好(hao)的(de)產品。
2、黃銅
黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)是由(you)銅(tong)(tong)和(he)鋅(xin)所組(zu)成的(de)合(he)金，具有美(mei)觀的(de)黃(huang)(huang)色。由(you)銅(tong)(tong)、鋅(xin)組(zu)成的(de)黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)就叫作普通黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)，如(ru)果是由(you)二種(zhong)以上的(de)元(yuan)素(su)組(zu)成的(de)多(duo)種(zhong)合(he)金就稱為特殊黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)。黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)有較強(qiang)的(de)耐磨(mo)性能，常被用于制造閥門、水管、空調(diao)內外機連接(jie)管和(he)散熱器(qi)等。
3、青銅
青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)是金(jin)屬冶鑄(zhu)(zhu)史(shi)上(shang)最早(zao)的(de)合(he)金(jin)，在純(chun)銅(tong)（紫(zi)銅(tong)）中加入錫或鉛(qian)的(de)合(he)金(jin)，有(you)特殊重要性(xing)和歷史(shi)意義(yi)，主要品種有(you)錫青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)、鋁(lv)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)、特殊青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)（又稱(cheng)高(gao)銅(tong)合(he)金(jin)）。與純(chun)銅(tong)（紫(zi)銅(tong)）相比，青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)強度高(gao)且熔點(dian)低（25%的(de)錫冶煉青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)，熔點(dian)就會降低到800℃。純(chun)銅(tong)（紫(zi)銅(tong)）的(de)熔點(dian)為1083℃）。青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造性(xing)好，耐磨且化學(xue)性(xing)質穩定(ding)，適用于(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造各(ge)種器具、機械零(ling)件、軸承(cheng)、齒輪等。
4、白銅
白(bai)銅(tong)是(shi)以鎳(nie)為(wei)主要添加(jia)元(yuan)素的(de)銅(tong)基合金(jin)，呈銀白(bai)色(se)，有金(jin)屬光澤，故名白(bai)銅(tong)。銅(tong)鎳(nie)之間彼(bi)此可(ke)無限固溶，從而形成連續固溶體，即不(bu)論彼(bi)此的(de)比(bi)例多少，而恒為(wei)α-單相合金(jin)。當(dang)把鎳(nie)熔入(ru)紅銅(tong)里(li)，含(han)(han)量(liang)超過(guo)16%以上時(shi)，產生的(de)合金(jin)色(se)澤就(jiu)變得潔白(bai)如銀，鎳(nie)含(han)(han)量(liang)越高(gao)，顏色(se)越白(bai)。白(bai)銅(tong)中鎳(nie)的(de)含(han)(han)量(liang)一般為(wei)25%。
銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鎳(nie)二元合金(jin)稱(cheng)普通白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)；加有錳、鐵、鋅、鋁等元素(su)的白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)合金(jin)稱(cheng)復(fu)雜白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。工(gong)業用(yong)白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)分為結構(gou)白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)電(dian)工(gong)白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)兩(liang)大類。結構(gou)白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的特點是機(ji)械性能(neng)和(he)耐(nai)蝕(shi)性好，色澤美觀。這種白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)廣(guang)泛用(yong)於制造精密機(ji)械、化工(gong)機(ji)械和(he)船舶構(gou)件。電(dian)工(gong)白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)一般有良(liang)好的熱(re)電(dian)性能(neng)。錳銅(tong)(tong)(tong)、康銅(tong)(tong)(tong)、考(kao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)是含錳量不同的錳白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)，是制造精密電(dian)工(gong)儀器、變阻器、精密電(dian)阻、應變片、熱(re)電(dian)偶等用(yong)的材料。
三、黃銅青銅紫銅白銅哪個貴
在價格方面，紫(zi)銅最(zui)貴，白(bai)銅次之，隨后是青銅，最(zui)便宜(yi)的是黃銅。不過(guo)最(zui)便宜(yi)的也要比鐵貴出幾倍。
