一、銅是什么
銅(tong)(tong)（Cuprum）是(shi)一種金屬元素(su)，也是(shi)一種過渡元素(su)，化學符號(hao)Cu，英文copper，原子(zi)序數29。純銅(tong)(tong)是(shi)柔軟的金屬，表面剛(gang)切開時為紅橙色(se)帶(dai)金屬光澤，單質呈紫紅色(se)。延展(zhan)性(xing)(xing)好，導熱性(xing)(xing)和(he)導電(dian)性(xing)(xing)高，因(yin)此在電(dian)纜(lan)和(he)電(dian)氣(qi)、電(dian)子(zi)元件是(shi)最常用的材料，也可(ke)(ke)用作(zuo)建筑(zhu)材料，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)組成眾多(duo)種合金。銅(tong)(tong)合金機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)能(neng)優異，電(dian)阻率很低(di)，其中最重要的數青銅(tong)(tong)和(he)黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)。此外，銅(tong)(tong)也是(shi)耐用的金屬，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)多(duo)次回收而無損其機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)能(neng)。
二、銅的種類及用途
銅的種類主要有紫銅，黃銅，青銅和白銅四(si)種。
1、紫銅
又(you)名紅(hong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，是銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)單(dan)質，因其具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)玫瑰(gui)紅(hong)色，表面形成氧化膜(mo)后呈(cheng)紫(zi)(zi)色，故一般稱為(wei)紫(zi)(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。中國紫(zi)(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)加工材按成分可分為(wei)：普通紫(zi)(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（T1、T2、T3、T4）、無氧銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（TU1、TU2和(he)高純、真空無氧銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)）、脫氧銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（TUP、TUMn）、添加少量合金元素(su)的特(te)種銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（砷銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、碲銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、銀銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)）四(si)類。紫(zi)(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)很好的導(dao)電(dian)(dian)性和(he)導(dao)熱性，塑性極(ji)好，易于熱壓和(he)冷壓力加工，大量用于制造電(dian)(dian)線、電(dian)(dian)纜、電(dian)(dian)刷、電(dian)(dian)火(huo)花專用電(dian)(dian)蝕銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等要(yao)求(qiu)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)性良好的產品。
2、黃銅
黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅是由銅和(he)鋅所組成的合金，具(ju)有美(mei)觀的黃(huang)(huang)(huang)色。由銅、鋅組成的黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅就叫(jiao)作普通黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅，如果(guo)是由二種以上的元素組成的多種合金就稱為(wei)特殊黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅有較強(qiang)的耐磨性能，常被用于制造閥門(men)、水管(guan)、空調內外機連(lian)接管(guan)和(he)散熱器等。
3、青銅
青(qing)(qing)銅是金屬冶鑄(zhu)(zhu)史(shi)上最早的(de)合金，在(zai)純銅（紫(zi)銅）中加入錫或(huo)鉛的(de)合金，有特殊重(zhong)要性和歷(li)史(shi)意義，主要品(pin)種有錫青(qing)(qing)銅、鋁青(qing)(qing)銅、特殊青(qing)(qing)銅（又稱高(gao)銅合金）。與純銅（紫(zi)銅）相比(bi)，青(qing)(qing)銅強度高(gao)且(qie)熔(rong)點低（25%的(de)錫冶煉青(qing)(qing)銅，熔(rong)點就會降低到800℃。純銅（紫(zi)銅）的(de)熔(rong)點為1083℃）。青(qing)(qing)銅鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)性好，耐(nai)磨(mo)且(qie)化學性質穩定，適用(yong)于鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)各(ge)種器具(ju)、機械零件、軸承(cheng)、齒輪(lun)等。
4、白銅
白(bai)(bai)銅是(shi)以鎳(nie)為主要添加元素的(de)銅基合(he)金，呈銀白(bai)(bai)色，有金屬光澤(ze)(ze)，故名白(bai)(bai)銅。銅鎳(nie)之間彼此(ci)(ci)可無限(xian)固(gu)溶，從而形成連續(xu)固(gu)溶體(ti)，即不論(lun)彼此(ci)(ci)的(de)比例(li)多少，而恒為α-單相合(he)金。當把(ba)鎳(nie)熔入紅銅里，含(han)量超過16%以上時，產生(sheng)的(de)合(he)金色澤(ze)(ze)就(jiu)變得(de)潔白(bai)(bai)如銀，鎳(nie)含(han)量越(yue)高，顏(yan)色越(yue)白(bai)(bai)。白(bai)(bai)銅中鎳(nie)的(de)含(han)量一般為25%。
銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鎳二元(yuan)合金稱普通(tong)白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)；加有錳、鐵、鋅、鋁(lv)等(deng)元(yuan)素的白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合金稱復(fu)雜白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。工業用(yong)(yong)白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)分為結構(gou)白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)電(dian)(dian)工白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)兩大類。結構(gou)白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的特點(dian)是(shi)(shi)機械性(xing)能(neng)和(he)耐蝕(shi)性(xing)好，色澤美觀。這種白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)廣(guang)泛用(yong)(yong)於制造精(jing)密機械、化(hua)工機械和(he)船舶(bo)構(gou)件。電(dian)(dian)工白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一般有良(liang)好的熱(re)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)能(neng)。錳銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、康銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、考銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)含(han)錳量不同的錳白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，是(shi)(shi)制造精(jing)密電(dian)(dian)工儀器、變(bian)阻(zu)器、精(jing)密電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、應變(bian)片、熱(re)電(dian)(dian)偶等(deng)用(yong)(yong)的材料(liao)。
三、黃銅青銅紫銅白銅哪個貴
在價格方(fang)面，紫銅最(zui)貴，白銅次之，隨后是青(qing)銅，最(zui)便宜(yi)的是黃銅。不過(guo)最(zui)便宜(yi)的也要比(bi)鐵貴出幾(ji)倍(bei)。
