一、銅是什么
銅(tong)（Cuprum）是(shi)一種(zhong)金(jin)屬元素(su)，也(ye)是(shi)一種(zhong)過渡元素(su)，化學符(fu)號Cu，英(ying)文copper，原子序數29。純銅(tong)是(shi)柔軟的(de)金(jin)屬，表(biao)面剛切開時(shi)為紅橙(cheng)色帶金(jin)屬光澤，單質呈(cheng)紫紅色。延展性好，導熱(re)性和導電(dian)(dian)性高，因此在電(dian)(dian)纜和電(dian)(dian)氣、電(dian)(dian)子元件是(shi)最常用(yong)的(de)材料(liao)，也(ye)可(ke)用(yong)作建(jian)筑材料(liao)，可(ke)以組(zu)成眾多種(zhong)合(he)金(jin)。銅(tong)合(he)金(jin)機械性能(neng)優(you)異，電(dian)(dian)阻率很低，其中最重要的(de)數青銅(tong)和黃銅(tong)。此外，銅(tong)也(ye)是(shi)耐用(yong)的(de)金(jin)屬，可(ke)以多次回收(shou)而無(wu)損(sun)其機械性能(neng)。
二、銅的種類及用途
銅的種(zhong)類主要(yao)有紫銅，黃銅，青銅和白銅四種(zhong)。
1、紫銅
又名紅銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，是銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)單質(zhi)，因其具有(you)玫瑰紅色(se)，表面(mian)形成氧化(hua)膜后呈紫(zi)(zi)色(se)，故一般稱(cheng)為紫(zi)(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。中國紫(zi)(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)加工材按(an)成分可分為：普通紫(zi)(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（T1、T2、T3、T4）、無氧銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（TU1、TU2和高純、真空無氧銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)）、脫氧銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（TUP、TUMn）、添加少量合金元素的特種銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（砷銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、碲銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、銀銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)）四類。紫(zi)(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)具有(you)很好的導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性和導(dao)(dao)熱性，塑性極好，易于熱壓(ya)和冷壓(ya)力加工，大量用(yong)于制(zhi)造電(dian)(dian)(dian)線、電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜、電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷、電(dian)(dian)(dian)火花專用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)蝕銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等要求導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性良好的產(chan)品。
2、黃銅
黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)是由(you)銅(tong)和鋅(xin)(xin)所組成(cheng)的(de)(de)合(he)金(jin)，具(ju)有(you)美(mei)觀(guan)的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)色。由(you)銅(tong)、鋅(xin)(xin)組成(cheng)的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)就叫作普通黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)，如果是由(you)二種以上(shang)的(de)(de)元素組成(cheng)的(de)(de)多種合(he)金(jin)就稱為特(te)殊黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)。黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)有(you)較(jiao)強的(de)(de)耐磨(mo)性能，常被用于制造閥(fa)門、水管、空調內(nei)外機連接管和散熱(re)器等。
3、青銅
青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)是金屬冶(ye)鑄(zhu)史(shi)上最早的(de)合金，在純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)（紫銅(tong)(tong)）中(zhong)加(jia)入錫(xi)或鉛的(de)合金，有特(te)殊重要性(xing)和歷史(shi)意義，主要品種有錫(xi)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)、鋁青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)、特(te)殊青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)（又稱高銅(tong)(tong)合金）。與純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)（紫銅(tong)(tong)）相比，青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)強度高且(qie)熔點(dian)低（25%的(de)錫(xi)冶(ye)煉青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)，熔點(dian)就會降低到800℃。純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)（紫銅(tong)(tong)）的(de)熔點(dian)為1083℃）。青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)鑄(zhu)造(zao)性(xing)好，耐磨(mo)且(qie)化學(xue)性(xing)質穩定，適用于鑄(zhu)造(zao)各種器具、機械零件(jian)、軸承(cheng)、齒輪等。
4、白銅
白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)是以鎳為(wei)主要添(tian)加元素(su)的(de)銅(tong)(tong)基合金(jin)，呈銀白(bai)(bai)色(se)，有(you)金(jin)屬(shu)光(guang)澤，故名(ming)白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)。銅(tong)(tong)鎳之間彼此(ci)可(ke)無限(xian)固溶，從而形(xing)成連(lian)續固溶體(ti)，即不(bu)論彼此(ci)的(de)比例多少，而恒為(wei)α-單(dan)相合金(jin)。當把鎳熔入紅銅(tong)(tong)里(li)，含(han)(han)量超(chao)過16%以上時，產生的(de)合金(jin)色(se)澤就變得潔(jie)白(bai)(bai)如銀，鎳含(han)(han)量越高，顏色(se)越白(bai)(bai)。白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)中鎳的(de)含(han)(han)量一般為(wei)25%。
銅(tong)鎳二(er)元合(he)金稱(cheng)普通白(bai)銅(tong)；加有錳、鐵、鋅、鋁等元素(su)的(de)白(bai)銅(tong)合(he)金稱(cheng)復雜白(bai)銅(tong)。工(gong)業用白(bai)銅(tong)分(fen)為結(jie)構白(bai)銅(tong)和電(dian)(dian)工(gong)白(bai)銅(tong)兩(liang)大類。結(jie)構白(bai)銅(tong)的(de)特(te)點是機械(xie)性(xing)能(neng)和耐蝕性(xing)好(hao)(hao)，色澤美(mei)觀(guan)。這種白(bai)銅(tong)廣泛用於(wu)制(zhi)造精(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)機械(xie)、化工(gong)機械(xie)和船舶構件。電(dian)(dian)工(gong)白(bai)銅(tong)一般有良好(hao)(hao)的(de)熱電(dian)(dian)性(xing)能(neng)。錳銅(tong)、康銅(tong)、考銅(tong)是含錳量不(bu)同的(de)錳白(bai)銅(tong)，是制(zhi)造精(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)儀(yi)器(qi)、變阻(zu)器(qi)、精(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、應變片、熱電(dian)(dian)偶等用的(de)材(cai)料。
三、黃銅青銅紫銅白銅哪個貴
在價(jia)格方面，紫銅最(zui)(zui)貴(gui)，白銅次之，隨后是青銅，最(zui)(zui)便宜(yi)的是黃銅。不過最(zui)(zui)便宜(yi)的也要(yao)比鐵(tie)貴(gui)出幾倍(bei)。
