一、兒童用藥怎么計算劑量
兒童用藥的時候，在劑量方面要精準計算，不同年齡兒童用藥劑量也有差異，具體的計算方法有：1、按年齡快速計算：按照兒童年齡與成人劑量換算得到：1歲以內劑量=成人劑量×0.01（年齡+3）；1歲以上劑量=成人劑量×0.05（年齡+2）。2、按體重計算：每日兒童每千克體重的用藥劑量乘以兒童體重千克數，即為一天的藥物劑量。計算公式：一天的藥物劑量=每千克體重的劑量×兒童體重千克數或一天的藥物劑量=成人每日劑量×（兒童體重千克數/50）。3、按體表面積計算：有的藥物規定了每平方米體表面積的用藥劑量，需要計算處兒童的體表面積后折算出兒童使用劑量。30kg以內的兒童：體表面積（m2）=體重（kg）*0.035+0.1；30-50kg的兒童：體重每增加5kg，體表面積增加0.1m2；50kg以上兒童：體重每增加10kg，體表面積增加0.1m2。4、按成人劑量折算：兒童用藥劑量與成人用量的比例關系：出生-1月：1/18-1/14，1月-6月：1/14-1/7，6月-1歲：1/7-1/5，1歲-2歲：1/5-1/4，2歲–4歲：1/4-1/3，4歲-6歲：1/3-2/5，6歲-9歲：2/5-1/2，9歲-14歲：1/2-2/3，14歲-18歲2/3-3/4。以上幾種計算方法是不確定劑量時的參照方法，不同病癥程度、藥物種類、兒童體質或年齡都可能影響藥物劑量，因此具體劑量最好能咨詢醫生，科學用藥。如果您家里有兒童，建議在藥箱里常備一些兒童藥物，有需要的話，可以先來了解一下兒童用藥十大品牌。
二、兒童用藥與成人用藥的區別
1、同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)疾(ji)病、同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)癥(zheng)狀，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)：考慮(lv)到用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)性(xing)(xing)和有(you)效(xiao)性(xing)(xing)問(wen)題，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與兒(er)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)相同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疾(ji)病上，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)是不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，比如成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)發(fa)熱、頭(tou)痛可以(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)阿(a)司匹(pi)林類解熱鎮痛藥(yao)，但(dan)兒(er)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)服用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)則可能引起瑞氏綜(zong)合征；另外，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)服用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氨基(ji)糖苷類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗菌藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，安全(quan)性(xing)(xing)還(huan)是相對比較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但(dan)兒(er)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)服用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)可能會有(you)耳聾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險。2、劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)：“成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)千(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)一量(liang)，兒(er)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)千(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)千(qian)量(liang)”，一般除了肝腎功能障礙(ai)、懷孕、老年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)等(deng)(deng)情(qing)(qing)況，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)服用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)某(mou)一種藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)是一樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但(dan)是，兒(er)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)要根據年(nian)(nian)齡、體(ti)重、體(ti)表面積(ji)進行計算。3、輔(fu)(fu)料不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)：大(da)多藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是苦澀或伴有(you)其他難(nan)聞(wen)氣(qi)味的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，因(yin)此會加一些(xie)額外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輔(fu)(fu)料，對口感(gan)和外觀(guan)加以(yi)調整(zheng)，以(yi)掩蓋難(nan)聞(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)味和不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外觀(guan)，減(jian)少人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)對用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抵抗。而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)，一些(xie)輔(fu)(fu)料是不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)適合兒(er)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，如溶液(ye)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)含有(you)乙醇(chun)、注射劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)含有(you)苯甲醇(chun)等(deng)(deng)，兒(er)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)要避(bi)免使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。4、藥(yao)品外形(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)：在(zai)保證(zheng)藥(yao)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上，考慮(lv)到孩(hai)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心理和現實情(qing)(qing)況（吞咽(yan)等(deng)(deng)情(qing)(qing)況），大(da)多會將兒(er)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)口服藥(yao)制作成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)顆粒劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、口服液(ye)、糖漿、滴劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)(deng)，以(yi)便孩(hai)子(zi)服用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)多數口服藥(yao)是膠囊、片劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、緩釋片、丸(wan)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)(deng)。5、味道不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)：不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)少兒(er)科專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，會有(you)各種水(shui)果味；而且還(huan)有(you)些(xie)藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)沖配完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)后，是五顏六色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，以(yi)吸引孩(hai)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)光(guang)。而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)基(ji)本不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)會考慮(lv)這些(xie)因(yin)素。
三、兒童用藥原則有哪些
1、嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)掌(zhang)握適(shi)應(ying)(ying)證(zheng)，精心挑選(xuan)(xuan)藥物，選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)藥物時應(ying)(ying)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)掌(zhang)握適(shi)應(ying)(ying)證(zheng)，精心挑選(xuan)(xuan)療效確切、不(bu)良反(fan)應(ying)(ying)較(jiao)小的(de)藥物，特(te)別是(shi)對中(zhong)樞神(shen)經系統(tong)、肝(gan)、腎(shen)功能(neng)(neng)有(you)損害的(de)藥物盡可能(neng)(neng)少用(yong)(yong)(yong)或不(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。2、根(gen)(gen)據(ju)兒(er)(er)童(tong)特(te)點(dian)，選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)給藥途徑(jing)，口(kou)服給藥為首選(xuan)(xuan)，肌注給藥要考慮注射(she)部位的(de)吸收(shou)狀況，盡量(liang)避免(mian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)靜脈注射(she)。3、根(gen)(gen)據(ju)兒(er)(er)童(tong)不(bu)同階(jie)段，嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)掌(zhang)握用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥劑量(liang)：兒(er)(er)童(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥，特(te)別是(shi)新生兒(er)(er)、嬰幼兒(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥劑量(liang)應(ying)(ying)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)掌(zhang)握，隨著年齡增長，用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥劑量(liang)應(ying)(ying)相應(ying)(ying)增加。4、根(gen)(gen)據(ju)兒(er)(er)童(tong)生理特(te)點(dian)，注意給藥方法：根(gen)(gen)據(ju)兒(er)(er)童(tong)年齡不(bu)同階(jie)段，采取適(shi)當(dang)的(de)方法，特(te)別是(shi)口(kou)服給藥要防止嘔吐(tu)，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)硬(ying)灌。5、嚴(yan)密觀察兒(er)(er)童(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥反(fan)應(ying)(ying)，防止產(chan)生不(bu)良反(fan)應(ying)(ying)。
