一、農藥殺蟲劑對身體的危害
農藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來殺(sha)(sha)(sha)滅農業害蟲的(de)(de)藥(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),它有(you)(you)(you)(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)毒(du)(du)性,對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)有(you)(you)(you)(you)害的(de)(de),農藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)的(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)害主要表現(xian)為三(san)種形(xing)式(shi):急(ji)性中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)、慢(man)性危(wei)(wei)害和(he)“三(san)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”危(wei)(wei)害:1、急(ji)性中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du):農藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)經口、吸呼道或接(jie)(jie)觸而大量進入人(ren)(ren)體(ti)內(nei),在短(duan)時間內(nei)表現(xian)出的(de)(de)急(ji)性病理反應為急(ji)性中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)。急(ji)性中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)往往導致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)經麻痹(bi)乃(nai)至死亡,甚至造成(cheng)大面積死亡,成(cheng)為最明顯(xian)的(de)(de)農藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)危(wei)(wei)害。2、慢(man)性危(wei)(wei)害:長期(qi)接(jie)(jie)觸或食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)含有(you)(you)(you)(you)農藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)殘留的(de)(de)食(shi)品,可(ke)使農藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在體(ti)內(nei)不斷蓄積,對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)健(jian)康構(gou)成(cheng)潛(qian)(qian)在威脅,即(ji)慢(man)性中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du),可(ke)影響神(shen)經系統(tong),破壞肝臟功能(neng),造成(cheng)生(sheng)理障礙,影響生(sheng)殖(zhi)系統(tong),產生(sheng)畸(ji)形(xing)怪胎(tai),導致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)癥(zheng)。3、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突(tu)(tu)變(bian):國際癌(ai)(ai)(ai)癥(zheng)研究機構(gou)根據動(dong)(dong)物(wu)實驗確(que)證,18種廣泛使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)農藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)性,還有(you)(you)(you)(you)16種顯(xian)示(shi)潛(qian)(qian)在的(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)危(wei)(wei)險性。目前(qian)我國盡(jin)管頒布了(le)5批農藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)安全使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)標準,也規定(ding)10類農藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)禁止在農業上(shang)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),但(dan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)地(di)方仍在使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)二溴氯丙烷(wan)可(ke)引發(fa)男性不育,對(dui)(dui)(dui)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突(tu)(tu)變(bian)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。三(san)環(huan)錫、特普丹對(dui)(dui)(dui)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。二溴乙(yi)烷(wan)可(ke)使人(ren)(ren)、畜致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突(tu)(tu)變(bian)。殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲脒對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)潛(qian)(qian)在的(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)威脅,對(dui)(dui)(dui)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。
二、農藥殺蟲劑的種類有哪些
市場上各種殺蟲劑種類繁雜,根據其化學結構特點,可以劃分成幾大類:1、有機磷類:代表:敵敵畏、毒死蜱、丙溴磷、三唑磷、辛硫磷、氧樂果、殺撲磷等。2、氨基甲酸酯類:代表:滅多威、異丙威、仲丁威、涕滅威、克百威、丁硫克百威、茚蟲威。3、擬除蟲菊酯類:代表:胺烯菊酯、丙烯菊酯、苯醚菌酯、二氯苯醚菌酯等、溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯、聯苯菊酯等。4、氯化煙堿類:代表:吡蟲啉、啶蟲脒、烯啶蟲胺、噻蟲嗪、噻蟲啉等。5、發酵抗生素類:代表:阿維菌素、甲維鹽、多殺菌素、瀏陽霉素、蘇云金芽孢桿菌等。6、苯甲酰脲類:代表:滅幼脲、除蟲脲(敵滅靈)、定蟲隆(抑太保)、氟鈴脲(蓋蟲散)、氟蟲脲(卡死克)、伏蟲脲(農夢特)等7、酰胺類:代表:氟蟲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺+噻蟲嗪、氰蟲酰胺。8、吡唑類:代表:氟蟲氰、丁烯氟蟲氰。9、季酮酸類:代表:螺蟲乙酯(畝旺特)、螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯。10、吡啶類:代表:吡蚜酮(吡嗪酮)。農藥殺蟲劑種類眾多,選擇時應根據實際殺蟲的需要挑選,并注意選擇一個好的農藥殺蟲劑品牌產品。
三、農藥殺蟲劑過期了還能用嗎
農用殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)是農藥(yao)的(de)(de)一種,農藥(yao)是一種特殊的(de)(de)產品,其保質(zhi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)是根據正(zheng)常劑(ji)(ji)量(liang)下植物病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害和雜草(cao)的(de)(de)預期(qi)(qi)(qi)防(fang)治效果而確定的(de)(de),并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是說它不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)在到(dao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)日期(qi)(qi)(qi)之后使用,很多過期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)只(zhi)要劑(ji)(ji)型的(de)(de)癥狀沒有(you)改(gai)變(bian),例(li)如(ru)粉(fen)末不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)結塊,懸浮液不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分層,乳油(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)混濁,顆(ke)粒不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)變(bian)形,只(zhi)要適當擴(kuo)大(da)點液體就不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)會產生絮凝等(deng),并(bing)嚴格按照科學方法使用,仍(reng)然具(ju)有(you)良好的(de)(de)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)和疾病(bing)預防(fang)作用。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過如(ru)果是大(da)批(pi)量(liang)使用農用殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)話(hua),還(huan)是建議用保質(zhi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)內的(de)(de)產品,以免(mian)藥(yao)效不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠影響殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)效果。
四、農藥殺蟲劑和殺菌劑能一起用嗎
農業領域使用殺(sha)蟲劑(ji)和(he)殺(sha)菌劑(ji)是(shi)(shi)比較多的(de),它們可(ke)(ke)以(yi)混用,可(ke)(ke)擴大(da)防治的(de)范圍,有增效、省(sheng)工省(sheng)時、降(jiang)低用藥的(de)成本等優點。若是(shi)(shi)同(tong)一種作物發(fa)生一種以(yi)上(shang)的(de)病害(hai),便可(ke)(ke)同(tong)時噴灑殺(sha)菌劑(ji)和(he)殺(sha)蟲劑(ji)。例(li)如黃瓜上(shang)同(tong)時發(fa)生霜霉病,灰霉病或者是(shi)(shi)蚜蟲,就可(ke)(ke)噴灑殺(sha)菌劑(ji)和(he)殺(sha)蟲劑(ji),一次將病害(hai)、蟲害(hai)都消滅(mie)掉。