一、農藥殺蟲劑對身體的危害
農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)是用(yong)來(lai)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)滅農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)劑(ji)(ji),它有(you)(you)(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)毒(du)性(xing)(xing),對(dui)(dui)(dui)人體(ti)(ti)有(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de),農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)主要表現為三(san)種形(xing)式:急(ji)性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)、慢(man)性(xing)(xing)危(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)和“三(san)致(zhi)(zhi)”危(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai):1、急(ji)性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du):農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)經口、吸呼道或接(jie)觸而大(da)(da)量(liang)進(jin)入人體(ti)(ti)內,在(zai)(zai)短時間(jian)內表現出的(de)(de)(de)急(ji)性(xing)(xing)病理(li)反應為急(ji)性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)。急(ji)性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)往(wang)往(wang)導致(zhi)(zhi)神經麻痹乃(nai)至(zhi)死亡,甚至(zhi)造成大(da)(da)面積死亡,成為最明顯的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)危(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)。2、慢(man)性(xing)(xing)危(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai):長期(qi)接(jie)觸或食(shi)用(yong)含有(you)(you)(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)殘留的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)品(pin),可(ke)使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)體(ti)(ti)內不斷蓄積,對(dui)(dui)(dui)人體(ti)(ti)健康構(gou)成潛(qian)在(zai)(zai)威(wei)脅,即慢(man)性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du),可(ke)影響(xiang)神經系統,破壞肝臟功能,造成生(sheng)(sheng)理(li)障礙(ai),影響(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)系統,產生(sheng)(sheng)畸形(xing)怪(guai)胎,導致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)癥(zheng)。3、致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)、致(zhi)(zhi)畸、致(zhi)(zhi)突變(bian):國際癌(ai)癥(zheng)研(yan)究機構(gou)根據動(dong)物(wu)實驗確(que)證,18種廣泛使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)性(xing)(xing),還有(you)(you)(you)(you)16種顯示潛(qian)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)性(xing)(xing)。目前我國盡管頒布了5批(pi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)安全使(shi)用(yong)標準,也規定10類農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)禁(jin)止在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)上使(shi)用(yong),但有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)地方仍(reng)在(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)。其中(zhong)(zhong)二溴(xiu)氯丙烷可(ke)引發男性(xing)(xing)不育,對(dui)(dui)(dui)動(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)、致(zhi)(zhi)突變(bian)作用(yong)。三(san)環錫、特普丹對(dui)(dui)(dui)動(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)畸作用(yong)。二溴(xiu)乙烷可(ke)使(shi)人、畜致(zhi)(zhi)畸、致(zhi)(zhi)突變(bian)。殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)脒對(dui)(dui)(dui)人有(you)(you)(you)(you)潛(qian)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)威(wei)脅,對(dui)(dui)(dui)動(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)作用(yong)。
二、農藥殺蟲劑的種類有哪些
市場上各種殺蟲劑種類繁雜,根據其化學結構特點,可以劃分成幾大類:1、有機磷類:代表:敵敵畏、毒死蜱、丙溴磷、三唑磷、辛硫磷、氧樂果、殺撲磷等。2、氨基甲酸酯類:代表:滅多威、異丙威、仲丁威、涕滅威、克百威、丁硫克百威、茚蟲威。3、擬除蟲菊酯類:代表:胺烯菊酯、丙烯菊酯、苯醚菌酯、二氯苯醚菌酯等、溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯、聯苯菊酯等。4、氯化煙堿類:代表:吡蟲啉、啶蟲脒、烯啶蟲胺、噻蟲嗪、噻蟲啉等。5、發酵抗生素類:代表:阿維菌素、甲維鹽、多殺菌素、瀏陽霉素、蘇云金芽孢桿菌等。6、苯甲酰脲類:代表:滅幼脲、除蟲脲(敵滅靈)、定蟲隆(抑太保)、氟鈴脲(蓋蟲散)、氟蟲脲(卡死克)、伏蟲脲(農夢特)等7、酰胺類:代表:氟蟲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺+噻蟲嗪、氰蟲酰胺。8、吡唑類:代表:氟蟲氰、丁烯氟蟲氰。9、季酮酸類:代表:螺蟲乙酯(畝旺特)、螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯。10、吡啶類:代表:吡蚜酮(吡嗪酮)。農藥殺蟲劑種類眾多,選擇時應根據實際殺蟲的需要挑選,并注意選擇一個好的農藥殺蟲劑品牌產品。
三、農藥殺蟲劑過期了還能用嗎
農(nong)用(yong)殺蟲(chong)劑(ji)是農(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong),農(nong)藥(yao)是一(yi)種(zhong)特殊的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品,其保質期是根據(ju)正常劑(ji)量(liang)下植(zhi)物病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害和(he)雜草的(de)(de)(de)預期防治(zhi)效(xiao)果而確定(ding)的(de)(de)(de),并(bing)不是說它不能(neng)在(zai)到(dao)期日期之后使用(yong),很多(duo)過(guo)期的(de)(de)(de)殺蟲(chong)劑(ji)只(zhi)要劑(ji)型的(de)(de)(de)癥狀沒(mei)有(you)改(gai)變,例如粉末不結塊(kuai),懸浮液不分層,乳油不混濁,顆粒不變形,只(zhi)要適當擴大(da)點液體(ti)就不會產(chan)生絮凝(ning)等(deng),并(bing)嚴格按照(zhao)科(ke)學方(fang)法使用(yong),仍然具(ju)有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)殺蟲(chong)和(he)疾病(bing)(bing)預防作用(yong)。不過(guo)如果是大(da)批量(liang)使用(yong)農(nong)用(yong)殺蟲(chong)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)話,還是建(jian)議用(yong)保質期內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品,以免藥(yao)效(xiao)不夠影響殺蟲(chong)效(xiao)果。
四、農藥殺蟲劑和殺菌劑能一起用嗎
農業領域使用(yong)殺(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)和殺(sha)(sha)菌劑(ji)(ji)是(shi)比較多的,它們可(ke)以(yi)(yi)混用(yong),可(ke)擴大防(fang)治的范圍,有增效(xiao)、省(sheng)工省(sheng)時(shi)、降低用(yong)藥的成(cheng)本等優點。若(ruo)是(shi)同一(yi)種作(zuo)物發生一(yi)種以(yi)(yi)上的病害,便可(ke)同時(shi)噴(pen)灑(sa)殺(sha)(sha)菌劑(ji)(ji)和殺(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)。例如黃瓜上同時(shi)發生霜霉病,灰霉病或(huo)者是(shi)蚜蟲,就可(ke)噴(pen)灑(sa)殺(sha)(sha)菌劑(ji)(ji)和殺(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji),一(yi)次將(jiang)病害、蟲害都消(xiao)滅掉。