一、農藥殺蟲劑對身體的危害
農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)是用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來殺(sha)滅農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)藥劑(ji)(ji),它有(you)(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)毒(du)(du)性(xing)(xing),對(dui)人(ren)體(ti)有(you)(you)害(hai)的(de)(de),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)對(dui)人(ren)體(ti)的(de)(de)危害(hai)主要表現(xian)(xian)為(wei)三種(zhong)形式(shi):急性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)毒(du)(du)、慢性(xing)(xing)危害(hai)和“三致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”危害(hai):1、急性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)毒(du)(du):農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)經口(kou)、吸呼道或接觸而大(da)(da)量(liang)進入人(ren)體(ti)內(nei),在短時間(jian)內(nei)表現(xian)(xian)出的(de)(de)急性(xing)(xing)病理反應(ying)為(wei)急性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)毒(du)(du)。急性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)毒(du)(du)往往導致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神經麻痹乃至死(si)亡(wang),甚至造成大(da)(da)面(mian)積死(si)亡(wang),成為(wei)最(zui)明顯的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)危害(hai)。2、慢性(xing)(xing)危害(hai):長期(qi)接觸或食用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)含有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)殘留的(de)(de)食品,可使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)在體(ti)內(nei)不斷(duan)蓄積,對(dui)人(ren)體(ti)健康構(gou)成潛(qian)在威脅(xie),即慢性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)毒(du)(du),可影響(xiang)神經系統(tong),破壞(huai)肝臟功能,造成生(sheng)理障礙,影響(xiang)生(sheng)殖系統(tong),產生(sheng)畸(ji)形怪胎,導致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌癥。3、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突變:國際癌癥研究(jiu)機構(gou)根據動(dong)物(wu)實驗確證(zheng),18種(zhong)廣(guang)泛使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)具有(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌性(xing)(xing),還有(you)(you)16種(zhong)顯示潛(qian)在的(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌危險性(xing)(xing)。目前我國盡管(guan)頒布了5批農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)安全(quan)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)標準(zhun),也規(gui)定(ding)10類農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)禁止(zhi)在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)上使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),但有(you)(you)的(de)(de)地方仍在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。其中(zhong)二溴氯丙(bing)烷(wan)可引發男性(xing)(xing)不育,對(dui)動(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突變作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。三環(huan)錫、特普丹對(dui)動(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。二溴乙烷(wan)可使(shi)人(ren)、畜致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突變。殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)脒對(dui)人(ren)有(you)(you)潛(qian)在的(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌威脅(xie),對(dui)動(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。
二、農藥殺蟲劑的種類有哪些
市場上各種殺蟲劑種類繁雜,根據其化學結構特點,可以劃分成幾大類:1、有機磷類:代表:敵敵畏、毒死蜱、丙溴磷、三唑磷、辛硫磷、氧樂果、殺撲磷等。2、氨基甲酸酯類:代表:滅多威、異丙威、仲丁威、涕滅威、克百威、丁硫克百威、茚蟲威。3、擬除蟲菊酯類:代表:胺烯菊酯、丙烯菊酯、苯醚菌酯、二氯苯醚菌酯等、溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯、聯苯菊酯等。4、氯化煙堿類:代表:吡蟲啉、啶蟲脒、烯啶蟲胺、噻蟲嗪、噻蟲啉等。5、發酵抗生素類:代表:阿維菌素、甲維鹽、多殺菌素、瀏陽霉素、蘇云金芽孢桿菌等。6、苯甲酰脲類:代表:滅幼脲、除蟲脲(敵滅靈)、定蟲隆(抑太保)、氟鈴脲(蓋蟲散)、氟蟲脲(卡死克)、伏蟲脲(農夢特)等7、酰胺類:代表:氟蟲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺+噻蟲嗪、氰蟲酰胺。8、吡唑類:代表:氟蟲氰、丁烯氟蟲氰。9、季酮酸類:代表:螺蟲乙酯(畝旺特)、螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯。10、吡啶類:代表:吡蚜酮(吡嗪酮)。農藥殺蟲劑種類眾多,選擇時應根據實際殺蟲的需要挑選,并注意選擇一個好的農藥殺蟲劑品牌產品。
三、農藥殺蟲劑過期了還能用嗎
農(nong)用(yong)殺蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)是農(nong)藥(yao)的(de)一種,農(nong)藥(yao)是一種特(te)殊的(de)產(chan)品,其(qi)保(bao)質期(qi)(qi)是根據(ju)正常劑(ji)量下植物病蟲(chong)(chong)害和雜(za)草(cao)的(de)預期(qi)(qi)防(fang)治(zhi)效果而(er)確定(ding)的(de),并(bing)不(bu)是說(shuo)它(ta)不(bu)能在到(dao)期(qi)(qi)日期(qi)(qi)之后(hou)使(shi)用(yong),很多過期(qi)(qi)的(de)殺蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)只(zhi)(zhi)要劑(ji)型的(de)癥狀沒有改變(bian),例如粉末不(bu)結塊,懸浮液(ye)不(bu)分層(ceng),乳(ru)油(you)不(bu)混濁(zhuo),顆(ke)粒(li)不(bu)變(bian)形(xing),只(zhi)(zhi)要適當(dang)擴大點液(ye)體就(jiu)不(bu)會產(chan)生絮(xu)凝等,并(bing)嚴格按(an)照(zhao)科學方法使(shi)用(yong),仍然具有良好的(de)殺蟲(chong)(chong)和疾病預防(fang)作用(yong)。不(bu)過如果是大批量使(shi)用(yong)農(nong)用(yong)殺蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)的(de)話,還(huan)是建議用(yong)保(bao)質期(qi)(qi)內的(de)產(chan)品,以免藥(yao)效不(bu)夠影響殺蟲(chong)(chong)效果。
四、農藥殺蟲劑和殺菌劑能一起用嗎
農業領域使用殺蟲(chong)劑和(he)殺菌(jun)劑是比較多的(de),它們可以混(hun)用,可擴大(da)防治的(de)范圍,有增效、省(sheng)工省(sheng)時、降(jiang)低用藥的(de)成(cheng)本等優(you)點。若是同(tong)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)作物發(fa)生(sheng)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)以上(shang)的(de)病害,便可同(tong)時噴(pen)灑(sa)殺菌(jun)劑和(he)殺蟲(chong)劑。例如黃瓜(gua)上(shang)同(tong)時發(fa)生(sheng)霜霉(mei)(mei)病,灰霉(mei)(mei)病或者是蚜蟲(chong),就可噴(pen)灑(sa)殺菌(jun)劑和(he)殺蟲(chong)劑,一(yi)次將病害、蟲(chong)害都消滅掉。