一、農藥殺蟲劑對身體的危害
農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殺蟲(chong)劑是用(yong)來殺滅農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)害(hai)蟲(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑,它(ta)有(you)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)毒(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing),對(dui)人(ren)體有(you)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de),農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殺蟲(chong)劑對(dui)人(ren)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)害(hai)主要表現(xian)為三(san)種(zhong)形式(shi):急(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)毒(du)(du)、慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)危(wei)(wei)害(hai)和“三(san)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”危(wei)(wei)害(hai):1、急(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)毒(du)(du):農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殺蟲(chong)劑經(jing)口、吸呼(hu)道或接觸而(er)大量進入人(ren)體內,在(zai)短時間內表現(xian)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)急(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)病理(li)反(fan)應為急(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)毒(du)(du)。急(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)毒(du)(du)往(wang)往(wang)導致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神經(jing)麻痹乃(nai)至(zhi)死亡(wang),甚至(zhi)造(zao)成(cheng)大面積死亡(wang),成(cheng)為最(zui)明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殺蟲(chong)劑危(wei)(wei)害(hai)。2、慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)危(wei)(wei)害(hai):長期接觸或食用(yong)含有(you)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殺蟲(chong)劑殘留的(de)(de)(de)(de)食品(pin),可(ke)使(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殺蟲(chong)劑在(zai)體內不斷蓄積,對(dui)人(ren)體健康構成(cheng)潛在(zai)威(wei)(wei)脅(xie),即(ji)慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)毒(du)(du),可(ke)影響神經(jing)系統,破(po)壞肝臟功能,造(zao)成(cheng)生理(li)障礙,影響生殖系統,產生畸形怪胎,導致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)癥。3、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突變(bian)(bian):國(guo)際癌(ai)癥研究機(ji)構根據動(dong)物實驗確(que)證(zheng),18種(zhong)廣泛使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殺蟲(chong)劑具(ju)有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)性(xing)(xing)(xing),還有(you)16種(zhong)顯(xian)(xian)示潛在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)危(wei)(wei)險性(xing)(xing)(xing)。目前我國(guo)盡管頒布了5批(pi)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殺蟲(chong)劑安全使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)標(biao)準,也規定(ding)(ding)10類農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殺蟲(chong)劑禁止在(zai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)上使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong),但有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)仍在(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)。其中(zhong)二溴氯丙(bing)烷可(ke)引發男性(xing)(xing)(xing)不育,對(dui)動(dong)物有(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突變(bian)(bian)作用(yong)。三(san)環錫、特普丹對(dui)動(dong)物有(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸作用(yong)。二溴乙烷可(ke)使(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)、畜致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突變(bian)(bian)。殺蟲(chong)脒對(dui)人(ren)有(you)潛在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)威(wei)(wei)脅(xie),對(dui)動(dong)物有(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)作用(yong)。
二、農藥殺蟲劑的種類有哪些
市場上各種殺蟲劑種類繁雜,根據其化學結構特點,可以劃分成幾大類:1、有機磷類:代表:敵敵畏、毒死蜱、丙溴磷、三唑磷、辛硫磷、氧樂果、殺撲磷等。2、氨基甲酸酯類:代表:滅多威、異丙威、仲丁威、涕滅威、克百威、丁硫克百威、茚蟲威。3、擬除蟲菊酯類:代表:胺烯菊酯、丙烯菊酯、苯醚菌酯、二氯苯醚菌酯等、溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯、聯苯菊酯等。4、氯化煙堿類:代表:吡蟲啉、啶蟲脒、烯啶蟲胺、噻蟲嗪、噻蟲啉等。5、發酵抗生素類:代表:阿維菌素、甲維鹽、多殺菌素、瀏陽霉素、蘇云金芽孢桿菌等。6、苯甲酰脲類:代表:滅幼脲、除蟲脲(敵滅靈)、定蟲隆(抑太保)、氟鈴脲(蓋蟲散)、氟蟲脲(卡死克)、伏蟲脲(農夢特)等7、酰胺類:代表:氟蟲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺+噻蟲嗪、氰蟲酰胺。8、吡唑類:代表:氟蟲氰、丁烯氟蟲氰。9、季酮酸類:代表:螺蟲乙酯(畝旺特)、螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯。10、吡啶類:代表:吡蚜酮(吡嗪酮)。農藥殺蟲劑種類眾多,選擇時應根據實際殺蟲的需要挑選,并注意選擇一個好的農藥殺蟲劑品牌產品。
三、農藥殺蟲劑過期了還能用嗎
農用(yong)殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑是(shi)農藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種,農藥(yao)是(shi)一(yi)種特殊的(de)(de)(de)產品,其保(bao)質期(qi)是(shi)根據正常劑量下植物病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害和(he)雜草的(de)(de)(de)預(yu)期(qi)防(fang)治效(xiao)果(guo)而確定的(de)(de)(de),并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)說它(ta)不(bu)(bu)能在到期(qi)日期(qi)之后使(shi)用(yong),很多(duo)過期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑只(zhi)要劑型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)癥狀沒有改變(bian),例(li)如(ru)粉末(mo)不(bu)(bu)結塊,懸浮液不(bu)(bu)分層,乳(ru)油不(bu)(bu)混濁,顆粒(li)不(bu)(bu)變(bian)形(xing),只(zhi)要適(shi)當擴大(da)點液體(ti)就不(bu)(bu)會產生絮(xu)凝等,并嚴格(ge)按照科(ke)學方(fang)法使(shi)用(yong),仍(reng)然(ran)具有良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)疾病(bing)(bing)預(yu)防(fang)作用(yong)。不(bu)(bu)過如(ru)果(guo)是(shi)大(da)批量使(shi)用(yong)農用(yong)殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑的(de)(de)(de)話,還是(shi)建議用(yong)保(bao)質期(qi)內的(de)(de)(de)產品,以免(mian)藥(yao)效(xiao)不(bu)(bu)夠影(ying)響(xiang)殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)效(xiao)果(guo)。
四、農藥殺蟲劑和殺菌劑能一起用嗎
農業領(ling)域使用(yong)殺蟲劑和(he)殺菌劑是比較多的(de)(de),它們可以(yi)混(hun)用(yong),可擴大防治的(de)(de)范圍,有增效、省工省時、降(jiang)低用(yong)藥的(de)(de)成本等優點。若是同一種作物發(fa)(fa)生一種以(yi)上的(de)(de)病(bing)害,便可同時噴灑殺菌劑和(he)殺蟲劑。例(li)如黃瓜上同時發(fa)(fa)生霜霉病(bing),灰霉病(bing)或者是蚜(ya)蟲,就可噴灑殺菌劑和(he)殺蟲劑,一次將病(bing)害、蟲害都(dou)消(xiao)滅掉。