一、農藥殺蟲劑對身體的危害
農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)是用(yong)(yong)(yong)來殺(sha)(sha)(sha)滅農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業害蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji),它有(you)(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)毒性(xing),對(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)有(you)(you)(you)害的(de)(de)(de)(de),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)對(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)危害主(zhu)要(yao)表(biao)(biao)現為三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形式:急(ji)性(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒、慢(man)(man)性(xing)危害和“三(san)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”危害:1、急(ji)性(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒:農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)經(jing)口(kou)、吸(xi)呼道(dao)或接(jie)觸而大(da)量進入(ru)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)內,在短時間內表(biao)(biao)現出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)急(ji)性(xing)病理反應為急(ji)性(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒。急(ji)性(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒往往導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神經(jing)麻痹乃(nai)至(zhi)死亡,甚至(zhi)造(zao)成(cheng)大(da)面(mian)積(ji)死亡,成(cheng)為最明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)危害。2、慢(man)(man)性(xing)危害:長期接(jie)觸或食用(yong)(yong)(yong)含有(you)(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)殘(can)留的(de)(de)(de)(de)食品,可使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)在體(ti)內不斷蓄(xu)積(ji),對(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)健康(kang)構成(cheng)潛(qian)在威脅(xie),即(ji)慢(man)(man)性(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒,可影響神經(jing)系(xi)(xi)統,破(po)壞肝臟功能,造(zao)成(cheng)生(sheng)理障礙,影響生(sheng)殖系(xi)(xi)統,產生(sheng)畸形怪胎,導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)癥。3、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突變:國際癌(ai)(ai)癥研究機構根據動物(wu)實驗確證,18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)廣泛使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)具有(you)(you)(you)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)性(xing),還有(you)(you)(you)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)顯(xian)示潛(qian)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)危險(xian)性(xing)。目前(qian)我(wo)國盡管頒布(bu)了5批農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)安全(quan)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)標(biao)準,也規(gui)定10類農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)禁止在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業上使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),但有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方仍(reng)在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。其中(zhong)(zhong)二溴(xiu)氯丙烷可引發(fa)男(nan)性(xing)不育,對(dui)動物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突變作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。三(san)環錫(xi)、特普丹對(dui)動物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。二溴(xiu)乙烷可使(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)、畜(chu)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突變。殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)脒對(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)潛(qian)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)威脅(xie),對(dui)動物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
二、農藥殺蟲劑的種類有哪些
市場上各種殺蟲劑種類繁雜,根據其化學結構特點,可以劃分成幾大類:1、有機磷類:代表:敵敵畏、毒死蜱、丙溴磷、三唑磷、辛硫磷、氧樂果、殺撲磷等。2、氨基甲酸酯類:代表:滅多威、異丙威、仲丁威、涕滅威、克百威、丁硫克百威、茚蟲威。3、擬除蟲菊酯類:代表:胺烯菊酯、丙烯菊酯、苯醚菌酯、二氯苯醚菌酯等、溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯、聯苯菊酯等。4、氯化煙堿類:代表:吡蟲啉、啶蟲脒、烯啶蟲胺、噻蟲嗪、噻蟲啉等。5、發酵抗生素類:代表:阿維菌素、甲維鹽、多殺菌素、瀏陽霉素、蘇云金芽孢桿菌等。6、苯甲酰脲類:代表:滅幼脲、除蟲脲(敵滅靈)、定蟲隆(抑太保)、氟鈴脲(蓋蟲散)、氟蟲脲(卡死克)、伏蟲脲(農夢特)等7、酰胺類:代表:氟蟲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺+噻蟲嗪、氰蟲酰胺。8、吡唑類:代表:氟蟲氰、丁烯氟蟲氰。9、季酮酸類:代表:螺蟲乙酯(畝旺特)、螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯。10、吡啶類:代表:吡蚜酮(吡嗪酮)。農藥殺蟲劑種類眾多,選擇時應根據實際殺蟲的需要挑選,并注意選擇一個好的農藥殺蟲劑品牌產品。
三、農藥殺蟲劑過期了還能用嗎
農(nong)(nong)用殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑是(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)一種,農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)是(shi)(shi)一種特(te)殊的(de)(de)產品,其(qi)保質期是(shi)(shi)根(gen)據正常劑量下植物(wu)病蟲(chong)害和雜草的(de)(de)預(yu)(yu)期防治效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)而確定的(de)(de),并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)說它不(bu)(bu)能在到(dao)期日期之(zhi)后使(shi)(shi)用,很多(duo)過期的(de)(de)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑只要劑型(xing)的(de)(de)癥狀沒(mei)有改變,例如粉末不(bu)(bu)結(jie)塊,懸浮液(ye)不(bu)(bu)分層,乳油不(bu)(bu)混濁(zhuo),顆粒不(bu)(bu)變形,只要適當擴大(da)點液(ye)體就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)會產生絮凝等,并嚴格(ge)按照科學方(fang)法使(shi)(shi)用,仍(reng)然(ran)具有良好(hao)的(de)(de)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)和疾病預(yu)(yu)防作用。不(bu)(bu)過如果(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)大(da)批量使(shi)(shi)用農(nong)(nong)用殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑的(de)(de)話(hua),還是(shi)(shi)建(jian)議用保質期內(nei)的(de)(de)產品,以免藥(yao)效(xiao)不(bu)(bu)夠影響殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)。
四、農藥殺蟲劑和殺菌劑能一起用嗎
農業領域(yu)使用殺(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)和(he)殺(sha)菌劑(ji)(ji)是(shi)比較(jiao)多的,它們可(ke)以混用,可(ke)擴大(da)防治的范圍,有增(zeng)效、省(sheng)工省(sheng)時、降低(di)用藥的成本等優點。若是(shi)同(tong)(tong)一種作(zuo)物發(fa)生(sheng)一種以上(shang)(shang)的病(bing)害(hai),便可(ke)同(tong)(tong)時噴灑殺(sha)菌劑(ji)(ji)和(he)殺(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)。例(li)如黃瓜上(shang)(shang)同(tong)(tong)時發(fa)生(sheng)霜霉病(bing),灰霉病(bing)或(huo)者是(shi)蚜蟲,就(jiu)可(ke)噴灑殺(sha)菌劑(ji)(ji)和(he)殺(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji),一次(ci)將病(bing)害(hai)、蟲害(hai)都(dou)消滅掉(diao)。