一、農藥殺蟲劑對身體的危害
農(nong)藥殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑是用來殺(sha)(sha)(sha)滅農(nong)業(ye)(ye)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)藥劑,它有(you)(you)(you)一定的(de)毒性(xing)(xing),對(dui)(dui)(dui)人體(ti)有(you)(you)(you)害(hai)的(de),農(nong)藥殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑對(dui)(dui)(dui)人體(ti)的(de)危(wei)(wei)害(hai)主要(yao)表現為三種形式:急性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒、慢(man)性(xing)(xing)危(wei)(wei)害(hai)和(he)“三致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”危(wei)(wei)害(hai):1、急性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒:農(nong)藥殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑經口(kou)、吸呼道(dao)或接觸而大量進入人體(ti)內(nei),在(zai)短時間內(nei)表現出的(de)急性(xing)(xing)病理反應為急性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒。急性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒往(wang)往(wang)導致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神經麻痹乃至(zhi)死亡(wang),甚至(zhi)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)大面積死亡(wang),成(cheng)(cheng)為最明顯的(de)農(nong)藥殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑危(wei)(wei)害(hai)。2、慢(man)性(xing)(xing)危(wei)(wei)害(hai):長期(qi)接觸或食(shi)用含(han)有(you)(you)(you)農(nong)藥殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑殘留的(de)食(shi)品(pin),可(ke)使(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)藥殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑在(zai)體(ti)內(nei)不斷蓄(xu)積,對(dui)(dui)(dui)人體(ti)健(jian)康構成(cheng)(cheng)潛(qian)(qian)在(zai)威(wei)脅,即慢(man)性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒,可(ke)影(ying)響神經系統(tong),破壞肝臟(zang)功能,造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)生(sheng)理障礙,影(ying)響生(sheng)殖系統(tong),產生(sheng)畸(ji)形怪(guai)胎,導致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)癥(zheng)。3、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突(tu)變:國(guo)際癌(ai)癥(zheng)研(yan)究機構根據動物實驗確證,18種廣泛使(shi)(shi)(shi)用的(de)農(nong)藥殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑具有(you)(you)(you)明顯的(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)性(xing)(xing),還有(you)(you)(you)16種顯示潛(qian)(qian)在(zai)的(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)危(wei)(wei)險性(xing)(xing)。目前我國(guo)盡管頒(ban)布了(le)5批農(nong)藥殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑安全使(shi)(shi)(shi)用標準,也(ye)規定10類農(nong)藥殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑禁止(zhi)在(zai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)上使(shi)(shi)(shi)用,但有(you)(you)(you)的(de)地方(fang)仍(reng)在(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用。其中(zhong)(zhong)二溴氯丙烷可(ke)引發(fa)男性(xing)(xing)不育,對(dui)(dui)(dui)動物有(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突(tu)變作用。三環錫、特普丹對(dui)(dui)(dui)動物有(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)作用。二溴乙(yi)烷可(ke)使(shi)(shi)(shi)人、畜致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突(tu)變。殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)脒(mi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人有(you)(you)(you)潛(qian)(qian)在(zai)的(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)威(wei)脅,對(dui)(dui)(dui)動物有(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)作用。
二、農藥殺蟲劑的種類有哪些
市場上各種殺蟲劑種類繁雜,根據其化學結構特點,可以劃分成幾大類:1、有機磷類:代表:敵敵畏、毒死蜱、丙溴磷、三唑磷、辛硫磷、氧樂果、殺撲磷等。2、氨基甲酸酯類:代表:滅多威、異丙威、仲丁威、涕滅威、克百威、丁硫克百威、茚蟲威。3、擬除蟲菊酯類:代表:胺烯菊酯、丙烯菊酯、苯醚菌酯、二氯苯醚菌酯等、溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯、聯苯菊酯等。4、氯化煙堿類:代表:吡蟲啉、啶蟲脒、烯啶蟲胺、噻蟲嗪、噻蟲啉等。5、發酵抗生素類:代表:阿維菌素、甲維鹽、多殺菌素、瀏陽霉素、蘇云金芽孢桿菌等。6、苯甲酰脲類:代表:滅幼脲、除蟲脲(敵滅靈)、定蟲隆(抑太保)、氟鈴脲(蓋蟲散)、氟蟲脲(卡死克)、伏蟲脲(農夢特)等7、酰胺類:代表:氟蟲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺+噻蟲嗪、氰蟲酰胺。8、吡唑類:代表:氟蟲氰、丁烯氟蟲氰。9、季酮酸類:代表:螺蟲乙酯(畝旺特)、螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯。10、吡啶類:代表:吡蚜酮(吡嗪酮)。農藥殺蟲劑種類眾多,選擇時應根據實際殺蟲的需要挑選,并注意選擇一個好的農藥殺蟲劑品牌產品。
三、農藥殺蟲劑過期了還能用嗎
農(nong)用殺(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)一種,農(nong)藥(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種特(te)殊的(de)(de)產(chan)品,其保質(zhi)期(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)根據(ju)正常(chang)劑(ji)(ji)量下植物病蟲害和(he)雜草(cao)的(de)(de)預(yu)期(qi)防治效(xiao)果而確定的(de)(de),并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)說它不(bu)(bu)能在到期(qi)日期(qi)之后使用,很多過(guo)期(qi)的(de)(de)殺(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)只要劑(ji)(ji)型的(de)(de)癥狀沒(mei)有(you)改變,例如粉(fen)末(mo)不(bu)(bu)結塊,懸浮液不(bu)(bu)分(fen)層,乳油不(bu)(bu)混濁,顆粒不(bu)(bu)變形(xing),只要適當擴(kuo)大點(dian)液體就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)會產(chan)生絮(xu)凝(ning)等,并嚴(yan)格按照(zhao)科學方法使用,仍(reng)然具有(you)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)殺(sha)蟲和(he)疾病預(yu)防作用。不(bu)(bu)過(guo)如果是(shi)(shi)(shi)大批(pi)量使用農(nong)用殺(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)話,還是(shi)(shi)(shi)建議用保質(zhi)期(qi)內的(de)(de)產(chan)品,以免藥(yao)效(xiao)不(bu)(bu)夠影響(xiang)殺(sha)蟲效(xiao)果。
四、農藥殺蟲劑和殺菌劑能一起用嗎
農業領域使用(yong)殺蟲劑(ji)和(he)殺菌劑(ji)是比較多的(de),它們可(ke)以混用(yong),可(ke)擴大防(fang)治的(de)范圍,有增(zeng)效、省工省時、降低用(yong)藥的(de)成本等優點(dian)。若是同一(yi)種作物發生(sheng)一(yi)種以上(shang)的(de)病(bing)(bing)害,便(bian)可(ke)同時噴(pen)灑(sa)殺菌劑(ji)和(he)殺蟲劑(ji)。例如黃瓜上(shang)同時發生(sheng)霜霉病(bing)(bing),灰(hui)霉病(bing)(bing)或者是蚜蟲,就可(ke)噴(pen)灑(sa)殺菌劑(ji)和(he)殺蟲劑(ji),一(yi)次將病(bing)(bing)害、蟲害都消滅掉。