一、農藥殺蟲劑對身體的危害
農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)是用(yong)來殺(sha)(sha)(sha)滅農(nong)(nong)業(ye)害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)劑(ji),它有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)毒(du)(du)性(xing)(xing),對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)體(ti)有(you)害的(de)(de)(de)(de),農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)害主要表(biao)現(xian)為三種(zhong)形式:急(ji)性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)毒(du)(du)、慢性(xing)(xing)危(wei)害和“三致(zhi)(zhi)”危(wei)害:1、急(ji)性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)毒(du)(du):農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)經(jing)口、吸(xi)呼道或接觸(chu)而大量進(jin)入人(ren)體(ti)內(nei),在(zai)短時間內(nei)表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)急(ji)性(xing)(xing)病理反(fan)應為急(ji)性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)毒(du)(du)。急(ji)性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)毒(du)(du)往往導致(zhi)(zhi)神經(jing)麻痹乃至死(si)亡,甚至造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)大面(mian)積(ji)死(si)亡,成(cheng)(cheng)為最(zui)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)危(wei)害。2、慢性(xing)(xing)危(wei)害:長期接觸(chu)或食用(yong)含有(you)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)殘留的(de)(de)(de)(de)食品,可使(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)在(zai)體(ti)內(nei)不(bu)(bu)斷蓄(xu)積(ji),對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)體(ti)健康構成(cheng)(cheng)潛(qian)(qian)在(zai)威脅,即慢性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)毒(du)(du),可影響神經(jing)系統,破壞肝臟功能,造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)生(sheng)理障礙(ai),影響生(sheng)殖系統,產生(sheng)畸形怪(guai)胎,導致(zhi)(zhi)癌癥。3、致(zhi)(zhi)癌、致(zhi)(zhi)畸、致(zhi)(zhi)突變(bian):國際癌癥研究(jiu)機(ji)構根(gen)據(ju)動物實驗確證,18種(zhong)廣泛使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)具(ju)有(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)癌性(xing)(xing),還有(you)16種(zhong)顯示潛(qian)(qian)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)癌危(wei)險性(xing)(xing)。目前我(wo)國盡管(guan)頒布(bu)了5批農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)安(an)全使(shi)(shi)用(yong)標準(zhun),也規定10類(lei)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)禁(jin)止在(zai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)上使(shi)(shi)用(yong),但(dan)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方仍(reng)在(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)。其中(zhong)二溴氯(lv)丙(bing)烷可引發(fa)男性(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)育(yu),對(dui)(dui)(dui)動物有(you)致(zhi)(zhi)癌、致(zhi)(zhi)突變(bian)作用(yong)。三環(huan)錫、特普(pu)丹對(dui)(dui)(dui)動物有(you)致(zhi)(zhi)畸作用(yong)。二溴乙烷可使(shi)(shi)人(ren)、畜(chu)致(zhi)(zhi)畸、致(zhi)(zhi)突變(bian)。殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)脒對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)有(you)潛(qian)(qian)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)癌威脅,對(dui)(dui)(dui)動物有(you)致(zhi)(zhi)癌作用(yong)。
二、農藥殺蟲劑的種類有哪些
市場上各種殺蟲劑種類繁雜,根據其化學結構特點,可以劃分成幾大類:1、有機磷類:代表:敵敵畏、毒死蜱、丙溴磷、三唑磷、辛硫磷、氧樂果、殺撲磷等。2、氨基甲酸酯類:代表:滅多威、異丙威、仲丁威、涕滅威、克百威、丁硫克百威、茚蟲威。3、擬除蟲菊酯類:代表:胺烯菊酯、丙烯菊酯、苯醚菌酯、二氯苯醚菌酯等、溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯、聯苯菊酯等。4、氯化煙堿類:代表:吡蟲啉、啶蟲脒、烯啶蟲胺、噻蟲嗪、噻蟲啉等。5、發酵抗生素類:代表:阿維菌素、甲維鹽、多殺菌素、瀏陽霉素、蘇云金芽孢桿菌等。6、苯甲酰脲類:代表:滅幼脲、除蟲脲(敵滅靈)、定蟲隆(抑太保)、氟鈴脲(蓋蟲散)、氟蟲脲(卡死克)、伏蟲脲(農夢特)等7、酰胺類:代表:氟蟲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺+噻蟲嗪、氰蟲酰胺。8、吡唑類:代表:氟蟲氰、丁烯氟蟲氰。9、季酮酸類:代表:螺蟲乙酯(畝旺特)、螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯。10、吡啶類:代表:吡蚜酮(吡嗪酮)。農藥殺蟲劑種類眾多,選擇時應根據實際殺蟲的需要挑選,并注意選擇一個好的農藥殺蟲劑品牌產品。
三、農藥殺蟲劑過期了還能用嗎
農(nong)用(yong)(yong)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)是農(nong)藥的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong),農(nong)藥是一(yi)種(zhong)特殊的(de)(de)產品,其保質(zhi)期(qi)(qi)是根據正常劑(ji)(ji)量(liang)下植物病蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)和(he)雜(za)草的(de)(de)預期(qi)(qi)防(fang)治效果而確(que)定的(de)(de),并不是說它不能在到期(qi)(qi)日(ri)期(qi)(qi)之后使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong),很多過期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)只(zhi)要劑(ji)(ji)型的(de)(de)癥狀沒有(you)(you)改變,例如粉末不結塊,懸浮(fu)液不分層(ceng),乳油(you)不混(hun)濁,顆粒(li)不變形,只(zhi)要適當(dang)擴大(da)點(dian)液體(ti)就(jiu)不會產生(sheng)絮凝等,并嚴格按(an)照科(ke)學方法使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong),仍然具有(you)(you)良好的(de)(de)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)和(he)疾病預防(fang)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。不過如果是大(da)批(pi)量(liang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)用(yong)(yong)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)話,還是建議用(yong)(yong)保質(zhi)期(qi)(qi)內(nei)的(de)(de)產品,以免藥效不夠(gou)影響殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)效果。
四、農藥殺蟲劑和殺菌劑能一起用嗎
農業領域使用(yong)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)和殺(sha)菌劑(ji)是(shi)比較多的,它們可以混用(yong),可擴大防治的范圍,有增效、省工省時(shi)、降(jiang)低用(yong)藥(yao)的成本等優點。若(ruo)是(shi)同(tong)一(yi)種作物發生一(yi)種以上的病(bing)(bing)害,便可同(tong)時(shi)噴(pen)灑(sa)殺(sha)菌劑(ji)和殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)。例如(ru)黃(huang)瓜上同(tong)時(shi)發生霜霉(mei)病(bing)(bing),灰霉(mei)病(bing)(bing)或者是(shi)蚜蟲(chong)(chong),就(jiu)可噴(pen)灑(sa)殺(sha)菌劑(ji)和殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji),一(yi)次將(jiang)病(bing)(bing)害、蟲(chong)(chong)害都消滅掉。