一、農用殺蟲劑分類怎么分

農用殺蟲劑的種類眾多，不同的殺蟲劑對于害蟲的作用可能會有一定的區別。農用殺蟲劑有多種分類方法：

1、按作用形式分

（1）觸殺(sha)(sha)型(xing)：一些殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑通過藥液接觸到害(hai)蟲(chong)的身體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)后，進(jin)入(ru)身體(ti)里面(mian)進(jin)行殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)，使害(hai)蟲(chong)中毒死亡，比如辛硫磷、馬拉(la)硫磷、毒死蜱、溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯等(deng)。

（2）內吸型(xing)：可(ke)以不直(zhi)接接觸(chu)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)身體(ti)(ti)也可(ke)以殺蟲(chong)(chong)，當藥液噴(pen)施到(dao)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)上以后，被植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)所吸收一部分，在植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)內擴散，而(er)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)吃食植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)以后，出現中(zhong)毒(du)癥狀而(er)死亡，但是對(dui)人(ren)體(ti)(ti)無影響，比(bi)如吡蟲(chong)(chong)啉、殺蟲(chong)(chong)單、殺蟲(chong)(chong)雙、烯啶(ding)蟲(chong)(chong)胺(an)、啶(ding)蟲(chong)(chong)脒等(deng)等(deng)。

（3）胃毒型：主要(yao)用來(lai)防治(zhi)咀嚼式咬(yao)食(shi)、啃食(shi)的害蟲，比如(ru)鱗翅目類的害蟲、鞘翅目類的害蟲，可用藥劑有敵百蟲，滅幼脲、蘇云金桿菌等。

（4）熏(xun)(xun)蒸(zheng)(zheng)型：通過熏(xun)(xun)蒸(zheng)(zheng)以后，以氣(qi)體(ti)狀態(tai)讓害(hai)蟲所呼吸，通過害(hai)蟲的呼吸系統進入蟲體(ti)內，使其中(zhong)(zhong)毒死亡，以此來達到(dao)防(fang)治害(hai)蟲的效(xiao)果，比如磷化鋁、硫酰氟、1-甲基環丙(bing)烯、溴(xiu)甲烷等，另外(wai)使用熏(xun)(xun)蒸(zheng)(zheng)劑時，必須注意(yi)防(fang)護，嚴防(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)毒。

2、按毒理作用分

（1）神(shen)經(jing)毒(du)劑(ji)：作(zuo)用于害蟲的(de)神(shen)經(jing)系(xi)統，如(ru)滴(di)滴(di)涕、對硫磷、呋喃丹、除蟲菊酯等。

（2）呼吸毒劑：抑制害蟲的呼吸酶，如氰氫酸等。

（3）物理性(xing)毒劑(ji)：如礦(kuang)物油劑(ji)可堵塞害蟲氣門(men)，惰性(xing)粉可磨(mo)破害蟲表皮，使(shi)害蟲致死。

（4）特異(yi)性殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑：引起害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)理上的(de)(de)(de)反(fan)常反(fan)應(ying)，如(ru)使害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)離作(zuo)物遠去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)避(bi)劑，以性誘(you)(you)或(huo)餌誘(you)(you)誘(you)(you)集害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)誘(you)(you)致劑，使害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)味覺受(shou)抑制不再取食以致饑餓(e)而死的(de)(de)(de)拒食劑，作(zuo)用(yong)于成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)殖(zhi)機能使雌雄之一不育(yu)或(huo)兩性皆(jie)不育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)不育(yu)劑，影響害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)長(chang)、變態、生(sheng)殖(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)長(chang)調節(jie)劑等。

3、按來源分

（1）無機和(he)礦物(wu)(wu)殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)：如砷(shen)(shen)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)、砷(shen)(shen)酸(suan)(suan)鈣、氟硅酸(suan)(suan)鈉(na)和(he)礦油乳劑(ji)等，這類殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)一般(ban)藥(yao)效較(jiao)低，對作物(wu)(wu)易引起藥(yao)害(hai)，而砷(shen)(shen)劑(ji)對人毒性大，因此自(zi)有(you)機合成殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)大量使用以后大部分已被淘汰。

（2）植物性殺蟲劑(ji)：全世界約有1000多(duo)種植物對昆蟲具有或多(duo)或少的毒力。廣泛應用(yong)的有除蟲菊、魚藤和(he)煙草等。此外(wai)有些植物里(li)還含(han)有類似保幼激素、早熟素、蛻(tui)皮(pi)激素活性物質。如從喜樹的根皮(pi)、樹皮(pi)或果(guo)實中(zhong)分離的喜樹堿對馬(ma)尾松毛蟲有很強的不育作用(yong)。

（3）有(you)機(ji)合(he)成殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑：如有(you)機(ji)氯類(lei)的(de)(de)DDT、六(liu)六(liu)六(liu)、硫(liu)丹(dan)、毒(du)殺(sha)芬(fen)等(deng)，DDT，六(liu)六(liu)六(liu)曾是產(chan)(chan)量大、應用廣的(de)(de)兩個(ge)農(nong)藥品種，但(dan)因易在生物(wu)體中蓄積，從20世紀70年代初(chu)開始(shi)在許多國家(jia)禁用或限用；有(you)機(ji)磷類(lei)的(de)(de)對硫(liu)磷、敵百蟲(chong)、樂果等(deng)約400個(ge)品種以(yi)上(shang)，產(chan)(chan)量居殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑的(de)(de)第一(yi)位；氨基甲(jia)酸酯(zhi)類(lei)的(de)(de)西(xi)維因、呋(fu)喃(nan)丹(dan)等(deng)；擬除(chu)蟲(chong)菊(ju)酯(zhi)類(lei)的(de)(de)氰戊(wu)菊(ju)酯(zhi)、溴氰菊(ju)酯(zhi)等(deng)；有(you)機(ji)氮類(lei)的(de)(de)殺(sha)蟲(chong)脒(mi)、殺(sha)蟲(chong)雙(shuang)等(deng)。

（4）昆蟲激素(su)類殺蟲劑：如(ru)多種保(bao)幼(you)激素(su)、性外(wai)激素(su)類似物等。

4、按毒性分

可分為(wei)劇毒(du)、高毒(du)、中(zhong)毒(du)、低毒(du)四種。

總(zong)的來說，農藥殺蟲(chong)劑的種類是有(you)很多的，大(da)家在實際使用過程(cheng)中，要根據田間種植的具(ju)體作(zuo)物(wu)以及(ji)具(ju)體的蟲(chong)害(hai)，來選擇具(ju)體的殺蟲(chong)劑。

二、常見的人工合成農藥殺蟲劑有幾種

現(xian)在使用(yong)的(de)農(nong)用(yong)殺蟲劑(ji)大多是有機殺蟲劑(ji)，其中人工合成(cheng)的(de)農(nong)藥殺蟲劑(ji)使用(yong)廣泛，常用(yong)的(de)有以(yi)下(xia)幾(ji)種：

1、有機磷酸酯類殺蟲劑

簡稱有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑，其主要(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)作用(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)制是抑制昆蟲(chong)(chong)體(ti)內神(shen)經(jing)組織中(zhong)膽堿酯酶的(de)活(huo)性，破壞神(shen)經(jing)信號的(de)正常傳(chuan)導(dao)，引起一系(xi)列神(shen)經(jing)系(xi)統中(zhong)毒癥狀，導(dao)致死亡。這(zhe)類殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)繁多(duo)(duo)(duo)，開發應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)歷史悠久，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)范圍(wei)廣泛。從對硫磷(lin)(lin)(lin)成為(wei)全世(shi)界用(yong)(yong)量(liang)最大、最重要(yao)的(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑以來，已有(you)(you)(you)(you)50年歷史，目前有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)仍然是最重要(yao)的(de)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑，已經(jing)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)化(hua)的(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)(duo)(duo)達200多(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)，常用(yong)(yong)的(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)數十種(zhong)(zhong)。多(duo)(duo)(duo)數有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑兼有(you)(you)(you)(you)觸殺(sha)(sha)(sha)、熏蒸等(deng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)作用(yong)(yong)方式(shi)。一般(ban)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)譜很廣，但有(you)(you)(you)(you)些品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)也具有(you)(you)(you)(you)較好的(de)選(xuan)擇性。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)者應(ying)(ying)該視具體(ti)防治對象和(he)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)場合選(xuan)擇合適的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方法(fa)。這(zhe)類殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)不少品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)對哺(bu)乳動物(wu)急性毒性大，因(yin)此在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)注意(yi)其安全性。

2、擬除蟲菊酯類殺蟲劑

這是模擬除蟲(chong)(chong)菊(ju)花中(zhong)所含的(de)天(tian)然除蟲(chong)(chong)菊(ju)素而合成的(de)一類(lei)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)，由于它們的(de)化學分子(zi)結構與天(tian)然除蟲(chong)(chong)菊(ju)素相似，所以統稱(cheng)為擬除蟲(chong)(chong)菊(ju)酯類(lei)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)。此類(lei)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)具有(you)高(gao)效、殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)譜廣、對(dui)人畜和(he)環境較安(an)全(quan)的(de)特點。重要的(de)品種(zhong)已達60多種(zhong)，仍(reng)在(zai)發展之中(zhong)。其作(zuo)用(yong)方式主(zhu)要是觸殺(sha)和(he)胃毒作(zuo)用(yong)，無內吸(xi)作(zuo)用(yong)，有(you)的(de)品種(zhong)具有(you)一定(ding)滲透作(zuo)用(yong)。自(zi)20世紀80年代(dai)初在(zai)中(zhong)國開始(shi)使用(yong)，短期內得到了廣泛的(de)推廣應用(yong)。但這類(lei)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)容易(yi)使害蟲(chong)(chong)產生抗(kang)藥性，目前，對(dui)華北地區的(de)瓜(棉)蚜已幾乎喪失防治價(jia)值。

3、氨基甲酸酯類殺蟲劑

此類(lei)(lei)(lei)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)分(fen)子(zi)中(zhong)都有(you)(you)氨基(ji)甲(jia)酸(suan)(suan)的(de)分(fen)子(zi)骨(gu)架，所(suo)以(yi)統稱為氨基(ji)甲(jia)酸(suan)(suan)酯類(lei)(lei)(lei)。這類(lei)(lei)(lei)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是在研究天(tian)然(ran)毒(du)扁(bian)豆堿(jian)生物(wu)活性和化學結構的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上發(fa)展起來的(de)，從來源上劃分(fen)屬于植物(wu)源殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。自1956年第一(yi)個商(shang)品(pin)化的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)甲(jia)萘威(wei)(即西維(wei)因)問世后(hou)已(yi)有(you)(you)50年的(de)歷史，已(yi)經發(fa)展成為一(yi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)重要(yao)的(de)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。目(mu)前(qian)商(shang)品(pin)化的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)已(yi)有(you)(you)50多個，但真正大噸位的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)僅10多個。此類(lei)(lei)(lei)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)中(zhong)文通用名均(jun)用“威(wei)”作(zuo)(zuo)后(hou)綴，如滅多威(wei)、涕滅威(wei)、克百(bai)威(wei)等。此類(lei)(lei)(lei)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用機(ji)制類(lei)(lei)(lei)似(si)于有(you)(you)機(ji)磷殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，具(ju)有(you)(you)觸殺(sha)(sha)(sha)、胃毒(du)和內吸(xi)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)作(zuo)(zuo)用，一(yi)般殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)范(fan)圍不如有(you)(you)機(ji)磷殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)廣，不少氨基(ji)甲(jia)酸(suan)(suan)酯類(lei)(lei)(lei)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)品(pin)種(zhong)具(ju)有(you)(you)高效、毒(du)性較低、選擇性較強的(de)特點。

4、沙蠶毒素類殺蟲劑

沙(sha)(sha)蠶(can)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)生(sheng)活在海(hai)灘泥沙(sha)(sha)中的(de)(de)(de)環節蠕蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，體內(nei)含有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)毒(du)(du)(du)物(wu)(wu)質叫(jiao)沙(sha)(sha)蠶(can)毒(du)(du)(du)素(su)，對害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)有(you)(you)(you)很(hen)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)毒(du)(du)(du)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)作(zuo)用。在研(yan)究天(tian)然沙(sha)(sha)蠶(can)毒(du)(du)(du)素(su)的(de)(de)(de)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)活性(xing)、有(you)(you)(you)效成分、化學結構、殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)機制(zhi)等基礎(chu)上，人們仿生(sheng)合(he)成了一(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)活性(xing)和作(zuo)用機制(zhi)類(lei)似天(tian)然沙(sha)(sha)蠶(can)毒(du)(du)(du)素(su)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)機合(he)成殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)。這類(lei)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)品種(zhong)不(bu)多(duo)，但殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)譜較廣，尤其在水稻害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)防治方面，應用范圍大，如殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)雙(shuang)和殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)單。其主要作(zuo)用機制(zhi)是作(zuo)用于神經(jing)節膽(dan)堿(jian)能突觸(chu)，阻遏昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)中樞神經(jing)系統的(de)(de)(de)突觸(chu)傳(chuan)導，導致昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)死(si)亡。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般兼有(you)(you)(you)觸(chu)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)和胃毒(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)用方式，有(you)(you)(you)些品種(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)熏蒸(zheng)作(zuo)用。由于殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)作(zuo)用靶標不(bu)同(tong)，這類(lei)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)對有(you)(you)(you)機磷、氨基甲(jia)酸酯(zhi)(zhi)、擬除蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)菊酯(zhi)(zhi)類(lei)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)產生(sheng)抗藥性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)無交互抗藥性(xing)問題。

沙蠶(can)毒素(su)類(lei)殺蟲劑對家蠶(can)有很強(qiang)的(de)(de)殺傷力(li)，桑葉上只要有痕量(liang)的(de)(de)藥劑，家蠶(can)吃了就會中毒、死亡(wang)(wang)。在養(yang)蠶(can)地區使(shi)用(yong)此(ci)類(lei)殺蟲劑，若采取細霧噴灑措施(shi)，細小霧滴飄移極(ji)易(yi)引起桑葉被污染，進而(er)造成家蠶(can)中毒死亡(wang)(wang)。因(yin)此(ci)在養(yang)蠶(can)地區的(de)(de)水(shui)稻(dao)田(tian)使(shi)用(yong)此(ci)類(lei)殺蟲劑，一定(ding)與注意(yi)克服(fu)藥劑飄移問題。

5、昆蟲生長調節劑類殺蟲劑

昆蟲(chong)生長調(diao)節劑(ji)（insect growth regulators，簡(jian)稱(cheng)IGR）是(shi)通過抑制昆蟲(chong)生理發育，如抑制蛻(tui)皮、抑制新表皮形成、抑制取食(shi)等最后導(dao)致害(hai)蟲(chong)死亡的(de)(de)一類藥劑(ji)。由于(yu)其作用機理不(bu)同于(yu)以往(wang)作用于(yu)神經(jing)系(xi)統的(de)(de)傳統殺蟲(chong)劑(ji)，毒(du)性低，污染少，對天敵(di)和有益生物影響(xiang)小，有助(zhu)于(yu)可持(chi)續(xu)農業的(de)(de)發展(zhan)，有利于(yu)“無公害(hai)”綠色食(shi)品生產，有益于(yu)人類健康，因此，被(bei)譽為(wei)“第(di)三代農藥”、“21世紀的(de)(de)農藥”、“非殺生性殺蟲(chong)劑(ji)”、“生物調(diao)節劑(ji)（bioregulators）”、“特異性昆蟲(chong)控(kong)制劑(ji)（novel materials for insect control）”。由于(yu)它(ta)們(men)符合人類保(bao)護(hu)生態環(huan)境的(de)(de)總(zong)目標(biao)，迎(ying)合各國(guo)政府和各階層民(min)眾所關注的(de)(de)農藥污染解(jie)決途徑這一熱點(dian)(dian)，成為(wei)殺蟲(chong)劑(ji)研(yan)究與(yu)開發的(de)(de)一個重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)領域。

6、微生物源殺蟲劑

利用細菌、真菌、病(bing)毒(du)和(he)(he)微(wei)(wei)(wei)孢子蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)等(deng)來控制防治害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，這些微(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)就(jiu)稱為病(bing)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)微(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)；利用微(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)發酵產(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質稱為抗(kang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素，這些病(bing)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)微(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)抗(kang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素都來源于微(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，因此(ci)統稱為微(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)源殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑。目(mu)前界上已分離出(chu)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)病(bing)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)細菌90多種(zhong)和(he)(he)變種(zhong)，已知(zhi)的(de)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)病(bing)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)真菌有530余種(zhong)，已知(zhi)的(de)病(bing)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)病(bing)毒(du)達700種(zhong)以上，這么多的(de)病(bing)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)微(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中，商品化(hua)的(de)只有蘇云(yun)金桿菌、白(bai)僵(jiang)菌、綠僵(jiang)菌、NPV病(bing)毒(du)等(deng)少數幾種(zhong)。用于防治害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)微(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)（源）殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑一般具有安全、選擇性(xing)(xing)(xing)較強的(de)特(te)點。有的(de)品種(zhong)雖(sui)然(ran)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)藥(yao)毒(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)高，但由于每畝(mu)有效成分用量(liang)很低，因此(ci)，加工成制劑使用也是(shi)安全的(de)。微(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(源)殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑的(de)不(bu)足之處(chu)是(shi)應用效果(guo)受環(huan)境(jing)影響大，藥(yao)效發揮(hui)慢，防治暴發性(xing)(xing)(xing)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)效果(guo)差。

7、植物源殺蟲劑

很多植物(wu)(wu)體內含有(you)殺蟲(chong)活性(xing)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)，可以用(yong)(yong)做殺蟲(chong)劑，如我國古(gu)代就(jiu)開始(shi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)艾蒿葉熏蚊蠅(ying)。除(chu)直(zhi)接利用(yong)(yong)含有(you)殺蟲(chong)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)的植物(wu)(wu)的某(mou)些部位(wei)，如除(chu)蟲(chong)菊花、魚(yu)藤(teng)的根粉碎成粉狀或用(yong)(yong)水浸(jin)出液(ye)作殺蟲(chong)劑使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)外，還可用(yong)(yong)化學(xue)溶(rong)劑將植物(wu)(wu)中的殺蟲(chong)活性(xing)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)提取(qu)出來，加工成合(he)適的劑型使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。常用(yong)(yong)的植物(wu)(wu)源(yuan)殺蟲(chong)劑如煙堿、魚(yu)藤(teng)酮、除(chu)蟲(chong)菊素、印(yin)楝等。

通(tong)常植(zhi)物(wu)中殺(sha)蟲活性物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)含量很(hen)少，因(yin)此靠種植(zhi)殺(sha)蟲植(zhi)物(wu)作為商(shang)品殺(sha)蟲劑的(de)來源并不經濟。研究植(zhi)物(wu)中的(de)殺(sha)蟲活性物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)化學(xue)結構，再進行人(ren)工模擬合成，是(shi)發(fa)展殺(sha)蟲劑的(de)重要途(tu)徑(jing)。擬除蟲菊(ju)酯類殺(sha)蟲劑就是(shi)在研究除蟲菊(ju)素的(de)化學(xue)結構的(de)基礎上仿(fang)生合成出來的(de)。

8、新型農藥殺蟲劑

“新型”殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑是相對于“常(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)”殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑而(er)言的，一般人們將20世紀發展起來的有(you)機(ji)氯、有(you)機(ji)磷、氨基甲酸酯及擬除蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)菊酯類殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑等(deng)(deng)稱為常(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑。近(jin)年來發展的一系列新型殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑品種或(huo)者結構新穎，或(huo)者殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)作用機(ji)制獨特而(er)不(bu)同于常(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)余蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑，如(ru)吡(bi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉、吡(bi)蚜酮、啶(ding)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)脒、丁醚脲等(deng)(deng)，而(er)且與常(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑相比(bi)，具有(you)更高(gao)的環境相容性。

9、殺螨劑

螨(man)類(lei)屬于蜘(zhi)蛛綱，與昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)綱的害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)在形(xing)態上(shang)有(you)很(hen)大差異，在對(dui)般(ban)約的敏(min)感性方面也(ye)有(you)不(bu)(bu)同。有(you)些農(nong)藥對(dui)螨(man)類(lei)特別有(you)效，而(er)對(dui)昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)利的害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)毒力(li)相對(dui)較差或無(wu)效，因此，特稱為殺(sha)(sha)螨(man)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)。有(you)許(xu)多殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)兼具殺(sha)(sha)螨(man)作用，如有(you)機(ji)(ji)磷殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)很(hen)多品種都(dou)具有(you)殺(sha)(sha)螨(man)作用，殺(sha)(sha)困劑(ji)(ji)(ji)硫(liu)(liu)磺也(ye)有(you)很(hen)好(hao)的殺(sha)(sha)螨(man)活性，礦物油對(dui)害(hai)螨(man)也(ye)有(you)很(hen)好(hao)的殺(sha)(sha)滅作用。殺(sha)(sha)螨(man)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)無(wu)機(ji)(ji)硫(liu)(liu)殺(sha)(sha)螨(man)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)和有(you)機(ji)(ji)合成(cheng)殺(sha)(sha)螨(man)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)兩大類(lei)。無(wu)機(ji)(ji)硫(liu)(liu)殺(sha)(sha)螨(man)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)硫(liu)(liu)磺在殺(sha)(sha)菌劑(ji)(ji)(ji)部分(fen)已介紹，在此省略(lve)。這類(lei)殺(sha)(sha)螨(man)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)一般(ban)指只(zhi)殺(sha)(sha)螨(man)不(bu)(bu)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)或以殺(sha)(sha)螨(man)為主的藥劑(ji)(ji)(ji)。一般(ban)對(dui)人畜等(deng)高(gao)(gao)等(deng)生物具有(you)較高(gao)(gao)的安全(quan)性