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風電變流器行業簡介

一、風電變流器原理是什么

風電(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)由主電(dian)路系(xi)統(tong)、配(pei)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)以及(ji)控(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)構成，采用三(san)相(xiang)電(dian)壓(ya)型交(jiao)-直-交(jiao)雙(shuang)向(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)技術，通(tong)過(guo)對雙(shuang)饋異步風力(li)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)轉子(zi)進(jin)行勵磁(ci)，使得(de)雙(shuang)饋發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)定子(zi)側輸出電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)幅(fu)值(zhi)、頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)和相(xiang)位與電(dian)網(wang)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)，并且可根據需要進(jin)行有功和無(wu)功的(de)(de)(de)獨立解耦控(kong)制，具體的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作原理(li)是：在直驅(qu)型風力(li)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)中，全(quan)功率(lv)(lv)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)是永(yong)磁(ci)同(tong)(tong)步發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機與電(dian)網(wang)之間的(de)(de)(de)橋梁。永(yong)磁(ci)同(tong)(tong)步發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機發(fa)(fa)出的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)是隨著風的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化而變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)，不能直接接入電(dian)網(wang)。變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)機側對幅(fu)值(zhi)和頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)進(jin)行PWM整流(liu)(liu)(liu)，整流(liu)(liu)(liu)后的(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)網(wang)側進(jin)行PWM逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，將直流(liu)(liu)(liu)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)成幅(fu)值(zhi)和頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)穩定的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，經(jing)(jing)濾波(bo)器(qi)(qi)、升壓(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)并入電(dian)網(wang)。

二、風電變流器的作用

風電機組利用風力發電，但自然界的風是不穩定的，速度有時大有時小，這種不穩定性決定了風機的轉速是變化的，從而發出的電也是不穩定的，而并網需要50Hz恒定頻率的交流電，為解決這個問題，需要一定的頻率變化手段去配合轉速變化，實現對風電頻率的變頻并轉化為電網交流頻率，這需要利用電力電子技術中的變頻器技術。因此，風電變流器就誕生了，它的作用主要是解決在風機轉速變化的情況下，如何保證發電恒頻輸出的問題。風電變流器根據風速大小適應發電機轉速，使風機實現最佳風能捕獲。它將風機在自然風作用下發出的電壓頻率、幅值不穩定的電能轉換為頻率、幅值穩定、符合電網要求的電能后并入電網。風電變流器在風力發電機組中是很重要的，如果您需要采購風電變流器，一定要選擇一個好的風電變流器品牌。

三、風電變流器和變頻器的區別

風電變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)和變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)相(xiang)比，硬件基本相(xiang)同(tong)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)區別在控制(zhi)算法和操縱目的(de)(de)，變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)改變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)電流(liu)(liu)（也有幾(ji)率對頻(pin)率進行更(geng)改），變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)改變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)頻(pin)率。變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)和變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)所以稱呼不(bu)同(tong)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)在于它們伺(si)服的(de)(de)對象的(de)(de)特性不(bu)同(tong)。變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)伺(si)服的(de)(de)對象是(shi)(shi)雙饋發(fa)電機，變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)調(diao)節(jie)異步電動(dong)機。一般來說，風電變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)環境溫(wen)度范圍(wei)要(yao)比普通(tong)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)大(da)些，可(ke)靠(kao)性也要(yao)高(gao)些，因為風力發(fa)電一般都(dou)是(shi)(shi)無人值守(shou)的(de)(de)24小時運行，還要(yao)滿足大(da)電流(liu)(liu)運行，因此要(yao)求較高(gao)。

四、風電變流器一般分為哪幾種

風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類主(zhu)要有兩(liang)種(zhong)：1、雙饋(kui)(kui)(kui)式(shi)(shi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)：雙饋(kui)(kui)(kui)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要在風(feng)(feng)(feng)力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統中(zhong)配(pei)套雙饋(kui)(kui)(kui)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)使用(yong)，當風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化導(dao)致(zhi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)速(su)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化時，變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)控制發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)子的(de)(de)(de)勵磁來改變(bian)(bian)(bian)轉(zhuan)子的(de)(de)(de)磁場(chang)(chang)，使發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)、幅值(zhi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)保持一致(zhi)，從而(er)(er)實現(xian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)速(su)恒頻(pin)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。雙饋(kui)(kui)(kui)型(xing)(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)就是為(wei)了生成這個頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)旋轉(zhuan)磁場(chang)(chang)而(er)(er)提供交變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。在實際(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)過(guo)(guo)程啟動(dong)后(hou)，風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能將會通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)反饋(kui)(kui)(kui)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)（約占風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)總(zong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)35~40%），此類型(xing)(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)因之(zhi)稱為(wei)雙饋(kui)(kui)(kui)型(xing)(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。2、全功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)式(shi)(shi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)：全功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要配(pei)套直(zhi)(zhi)驅/半直(zhi)(zhi)驅發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以及異(yi)步發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)使用(yong)，由機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)側(ce)(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和網(wang)側(ce)(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組成，兩(liang)者通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)母線連接(jie)，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)側(ce)(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)實現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)調速(su)，獲得最佳的(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)，而(er)(er)網(wang)側(ce)(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)接(jie)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，提供優(you)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能輸出(chu)。這種(zhong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)因發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能都通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)傳輸到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)側(ce)(ce)，因此稱為(wei)全功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)式(shi)(shi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。