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風電變流器行業簡介

一、風電變流器原理是什么

風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器由主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路系(xi)統(tong)、配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)以(yi)及控(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)構成，采用三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓型交-直-交雙(shuang)(shuang)向變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器技術(shu)，通過對雙(shuang)(shuang)饋異步(bu)風力發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)轉子進行(xing)勵磁，使得雙(shuang)(shuang)饋發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)定子側(ce)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)幅(fu)值、頻率(lv)(lv)和相(xiang)位與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網相(xiang)同，并(bing)且(qie)可(ke)根(gen)據需(xu)要進行(xing)有功和無功的(de)(de)獨立解耦控(kong)制，具體的(de)(de)工作原(yuan)理是(shi)(shi)(shi)：在(zai)直驅型風力發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)中，全功率(lv)(lv)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器是(shi)(shi)(shi)永(yong)磁同步(bu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網之間的(de)(de)橋梁。永(yong)磁同步(bu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)發(fa)(fa)出的(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)隨著風的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化而變(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)，不能直接(jie)接(jie)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網。變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器的(de)(de)機(ji)側(ce)對幅(fu)值和頻率(lv)(lv)變(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)進行(xing)PWM整流(liu)(liu)(liu)，整流(liu)(liu)(liu)后的(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)經變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器的(de)(de)網側(ce)進行(xing)PWM逆變(bian)(bian)，將(jiang)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)逆變(bian)(bian)成幅(fu)值和頻率(lv)(lv)穩定的(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)，經濾波器、升壓變(bian)(bian)壓器并(bing)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網。

二、風電變流器的作用

風電機組利用風力發電，但自然界的風是不穩定的，速度有時大有時小，這種不穩定性決定了風機的轉速是變化的，從而發出的電也是不穩定的，而并網需要50Hz恒定頻率的交流電，為解決這個問題，需要一定的頻率變化手段去配合轉速變化，實現對風電頻率的變頻并轉化為電網交流頻率，這需要利用電力電子技術中的變頻器技術。因此，風電變流器就誕生了，它的作用主要是解決在風機轉速變化的情況下，如何保證發電恒頻輸出的問題。風電變流器根據風速大小適應發電機轉速，使風機實現最佳風能捕獲。它將風機在自然風作用下發出的電壓頻率、幅值不穩定的電能轉換為頻率、幅值穩定、符合電網要求的電能后并入電網。風電變流器在風力發電機組中是很重要的，如果您需要采購風電變流器，一定要選擇一個好的風電變流器品牌。

三、風電變流器和變頻器的區別

風電(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)相比，硬件(jian)基(ji)本相同，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)區別在(zai)控制(zhi)算法和(he)操(cao)縱目的(de)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)是(shi)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)（也有(you)幾率對頻(pin)(pin)率進行更改(gai)），變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)是(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)頻(pin)(pin)率。變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)之所(suo)以稱呼不(bu)同，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)在(zai)于它(ta)們(men)伺服(fu)的(de)對象(xiang)的(de)特性不(bu)同。變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)伺服(fu)的(de)對象(xiang)是(shi)雙饋發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)調節異步電(dian)動機(ji)。一般來說，風電(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)工作的(de)環(huan)境溫度范圍要(yao)比普通的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)大些，可靠(kao)性也要(yao)高(gao)些，因(yin)為風力發(fa)電(dian)一般都是(shi)無人值守(shou)的(de)24小時運(yun)行，還要(yao)滿足大電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)運(yun)行，因(yin)此要(yao)求較高(gao)。

四、風電變流器一般分為哪幾種

風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)種類主(zhu)要有兩(liang)(liang)種：1、雙(shuang)饋(kui)式(shi)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)：雙(shuang)饋(kui)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要在風(feng)(feng)力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)中配(pei)套(tao)雙(shuang)饋(kui)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)使用(yong)，當風(feng)(feng)速變(bian)(bian)化導致發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)轉(zhuan)速變(bian)(bian)化時，變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)通(tong)過(guo)控制發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)轉(zhuan)子的(de)(de)(de)勵磁來(lai)改變(bian)(bian)轉(zhuan)子的(de)(de)(de)磁場，使發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、頻(pin)率(lv)、幅(fu)值和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)保持一致，從而實(shi)(shi)現風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)速恒(heng)頻(pin)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。雙(shuang)饋(kui)型(xing)風(feng)(feng)機(ji)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)就是為了生成這(zhe)(zhe)個頻(pin)率(lv)旋轉(zhuan)磁場而提(ti)(ti)供(gong)交變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。在實(shi)(shi)際運(yun)轉(zhuan)過(guo)程(cheng)啟動(dong)后，風(feng)(feng)機(ji)發出的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能將會通(tong)過(guo)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)反(fan)饋(kui)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)（約(yue)占風(feng)(feng)機(ji)總(zong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)35~40%），此類型(xing)風(feng)(feng)機(ji)因(yin)之稱為雙(shuang)饋(kui)型(xing)風(feng)(feng)機(ji)。2、全(quan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)式(shi)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)：全(quan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要配(pei)套(tao)直(zhi)驅(qu)/半(ban)直(zhi)驅(qu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)以及異步(bu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)使用(yong)，由機(ji)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)和(he)網(wang)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)組成，兩(liang)(liang)者(zhe)通(tong)過(guo)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)母(mu)線連(lian)接，機(ji)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)實(shi)(shi)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)調速，獲(huo)得最佳的(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)，而網(wang)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)接入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，提(ti)(ti)供(gong)優質的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能輸(shu)出。這(zhe)(zhe)種風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)因(yin)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能都通(tong)過(guo)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)傳(chuan)輸(shu)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)側(ce)，因(yin)此稱為全(quan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)式(shi)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)。