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風電變流器行業簡介

一、風電變流器原理是什么

風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)由主電(dian)(dian)(dian)路系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、配電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)以及(ji)控制系(xi)統(tong)(tong)構成，采用三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)型交-直-交雙(shuang)向變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)技術，通過(guo)對(dui)雙(shuang)饋異(yi)步風(feng)(feng)力(li)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉子(zi)進行(xing)勵磁(ci)，使得雙(shuang)饋發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定子(zi)側輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幅(fu)值、頻(pin)率(lv)和相(xiang)位與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)相(xiang)同，并且(qie)可(ke)根據需要進行(xing)有功和無(wu)功的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨立解耦(ou)控制，具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作原理(li)是(shi)(shi)：在直驅型風(feng)(feng)力(li)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中，全功率(lv)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)永磁(ci)同步發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橋梁。永磁(ci)同步發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)發(fa)(fa)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)隨著(zhu)風(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)而變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，不能直接接入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)。變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)側對(dui)幅(fu)值和頻(pin)率(lv)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)進行(xing)PWM整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經(jing)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)側進行(xing)PWM逆變(bian)(bian)，將直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)逆變(bian)(bian)成幅(fu)值和頻(pin)率(lv)穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，經(jing)濾波(bo)器(qi)(qi)、升壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)并入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)。

二、風電變流器的作用

風電機組利用風力發電，但自然界的風是不穩定的，速度有時大有時小，這種不穩定性決定了風機的轉速是變化的，從而發出的電也是不穩定的，而并網需要50Hz恒定頻率的交流電，為解決這個問題，需要一定的頻率變化手段去配合轉速變化，實現對風電頻率的變頻并轉化為電網交流頻率，這需要利用電力電子技術中的變頻器技術。因此，風電變流器就誕生了，它的作用主要是解決在風機轉速變化的情況下，如何保證發電恒頻輸出的問題。風電變流器根據風速大小適應發電機轉速，使風機實現最佳風能捕獲。它將風機在自然風作用下發出的電壓頻率、幅值不穩定的電能轉換為頻率、幅值穩定、符合電網要求的電能后并入電網。風電變流器在風力發電機組中是很重要的，如果您需要采購風電變流器，一定要選擇一個好的風電變流器品牌。

三、風電變流器和變頻器的區別

風(feng)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)和變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)相比(bi)，硬件基(ji)本相同，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)區(qu)別在(zai)控制算法和操縱目的(de)(de)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)改變(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)流（也有幾率(lv)對(dui)頻(pin)率(lv)進行(xing)(xing)更改），變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)改變(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)是(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)頻(pin)率(lv)。變(bian)(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)和變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)之所以(yi)稱呼不同，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)在(zai)于它們伺服的(de)(de)對(dui)象的(de)(de)特性(xing)不同。變(bian)(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)伺服的(de)(de)對(dui)象是(shi)雙饋發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)調節異(yi)步(bu)電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)。一般來說(shuo)，風(feng)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)工作的(de)(de)環境溫度范圍要(yao)比(bi)普(pu)通的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)大(da)些，可靠性(xing)也要(yao)高(gao)(gao)些，因為風(feng)力發電(dian)(dian)一般都是(shi)無人值守(shou)的(de)(de)24小時(shi)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)，還要(yao)滿(man)足大(da)電(dian)(dian)流運(yun)行(xing)(xing)，因此要(yao)求較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)。

四、風電變流器一般分為哪幾種

風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)的(de)種類主(zhu)要(yao)有兩(liang)種：1、雙(shuang)饋(kui)式風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)：雙(shuang)饋(kui)式變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)在風(feng)(feng)力發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統中配套雙(shuang)饋(kui)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)使(shi)用(yong)，當風(feng)(feng)速(su)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化導致(zhi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化時，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)通過控制發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子的(de)勵磁來改變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子的(de)磁場，使(shi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)、幅值和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)保持(chi)一致(zhi)，從而實(shi)現(xian)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)速(su)恒頻(pin)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。雙(shuang)饋(kui)型風(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)的(de)作用(yong)就是為了生成這個頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)磁場而提供(gong)交變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。在實(shi)際運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)過程(cheng)啟動后，風(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)將會通過變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)反饋(kui)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)（約占(zhan)風(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)總功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)35~40%），此類型風(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)因之(zhi)稱為雙(shuang)饋(kui)型風(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。2、全(quan)(quan)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)式風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)：全(quan)(quan)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)式的(de)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)配套直(zhi)驅/半(ban)直(zhi)驅發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以及異步(bu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)使(shi)用(yong)，由機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)和(he)網(wang)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)組成，兩(liang)者通過直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)母線連接(jie)，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)實(shi)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)調速(su)，獲得最佳的(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)，而網(wang)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)接(jie)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，提供(gong)優(you)質的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)輸出。這種風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)因發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)都通過變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)傳輸到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)側(ce)，因此稱為全(quan)(quan)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)式風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)。