一、風電變流器原理是什么
風(feng)電變(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)由(you)主電路系統、配電系統以及控(kong)制系統構成,采(cai)用三相(xiang)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)型交(jiao)-直(zhi)-交(jiao)雙向變(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)技(ji)術,通(tong)過(guo)對雙饋異步風(feng)力發(fa)電機的(de)(de)(de)轉子(zi)進(jin)行勵(li)磁(ci),使(shi)得雙饋發(fa)電機的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)子(zi)側(ce)輸出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)幅(fu)值、頻率和(he)(he)相(xiang)位與電網相(xiang)同,并且可(ke)根據(ju)需要(yao)進(jin)行有功(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)無功(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)獨(du)立解(jie)耦控(kong)制,具體的(de)(de)(de)工作原理是(shi):在(zai)直(zhi)驅型風(feng)力發(fa)電系統中,全功(gong)(gong)率變(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)是(shi)永(yong)磁(ci)同步發(fa)電機與電網之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)梁。永(yong)磁(ci)同步發(fa)電機發(fa)出的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電是(shi)隨著風(feng)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)而變(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de),不能直(zhi)接接入(ru)(ru)電網。變(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)機側(ce)對幅(fu)值和(he)(he)頻率變(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)進(jin)行PWM整流(liu)(liu)(liu),整流(liu)(liu)(liu)后的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)經變(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)網側(ce)進(jin)行PWM逆變(bian),將直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)逆變(bian)成幅(fu)值和(he)(he)頻率穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu),經濾波器(qi)、升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)并入(ru)(ru)電網。
二、風電變流器的作用
風電機組利用風力發電,但自然界的風是不穩定的,速度有時大有時小,這種不穩定性決定了風機的轉速是變化的,從而發出的電也是不穩定的,而并網需要50Hz恒定頻率的交流電,為解決這個問題,需要一定的頻率變化手段去配合轉速變化,實現對風電頻率的變頻并轉化為電網交流頻率,這需要利用電力電子技術中的變頻器技術。因此,風電變流器就誕生了,它的作用主要是解決在風機轉速變化的情況下,如何保證發電恒頻輸出的問題。風電變流器根據風速大小適應發電機轉速,使風機實現最佳風能捕獲。它將風機在自然風作用下發出的電壓頻率、幅值不穩定的電能轉換為頻率、幅值穩定、符合電網要求的電能后并入電網。風電變流器在風力發電機組中是很重要的,如果您需要采購風電變流器,一定要選擇一個好的風電變流器品牌。
三、風電變流器和變頻器的區別
風電(dian)變(bian)流器(qi)和變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)相比(bi),硬件基本(ben)相同,主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)區別在控制算法和操縱目的(de),變(bian)流器(qi)改(gai)變(bian)的(de)是(shi)電(dian)流(也有幾率(lv)(lv)對(dui)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)進行更改(gai)),變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)改(gai)變(bian)的(de)是(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)。變(bian)流器(qi)和變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)之所以稱呼不同,主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)在于它們伺(si)服(fu)的(de)對(dui)象(xiang)的(de)特(te)性不同。變(bian)流器(qi)伺(si)服(fu)的(de)對(dui)象(xiang)是(shi)雙饋(kui)發電(dian)機(ji)(ji),變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)調節異步電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)。一般來說,風電(dian)變(bian)流器(qi)工作的(de)環(huan)境溫度范圍(wei)要(yao)(yao)(yao)比(bi)普通(tong)的(de)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)大些,可靠性也要(yao)(yao)(yao)高(gao)些,因(yin)為風力發電(dian)一般都是(shi)無人(ren)值守的(de)24小時運行,還要(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足大電(dian)流運行,因(yin)此(ci)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求較(jiao)高(gao)。
四、風電變流器一般分為哪幾種
風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種類主要(yao)有兩(liang)種:1、雙(shuang)(shuang)饋(kui)(kui)式(shi)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi):雙(shuang)(shuang)饋(kui)(kui)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)主要(yao)在風(feng)力發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統中配套雙(shuang)(shuang)饋(kui)(kui)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)使(shi)用,當風(feng)速變(bian)(bian)化導致(zhi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速變(bian)(bian)化時,變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)控制發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)勵磁來改變(bian)(bian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁場(chang),使(shi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、頻率、幅(fu)值(zhi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)保持一致(zhi),從(cong)而(er)實現(xian)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)速恒頻發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。雙(shuang)(shuang)饋(kui)(kui)型(xing)(xing)風(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用就是為了生(sheng)成(cheng)這個頻率旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)磁場(chang)而(er)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)交變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。在實際運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)過(guo)(guo)程啟動后(hou),風(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能將會通(tong)過(guo)(guo)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)反饋(kui)(kui)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(約占風(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)總功(gong)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)35~40%),此類型(xing)(xing)風(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)之稱為雙(shuang)(shuang)饋(kui)(kui)型(xing)(xing)風(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。2、全(quan)功(gong)率式(shi)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi):全(quan)功(gong)率式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)主要(yao)配套直(zhi)驅(qu)(qu)/半直(zhi)驅(qu)(qu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以及(ji)異步發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)使(shi)用,由機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)側變(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和網(wang)側變(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)成(cheng),兩(liang)者通(tong)過(guo)(guo)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)母線連接,機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)側變(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)實現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)頻調速,獲得最佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效率,而(er)網(wang)側變(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang),提(ti)(ti)供(gong)優質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能輸(shu)出。這種風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)因(yin)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)能都(dou)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)傳輸(shu)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)側,因(yin)此稱為全(quan)功(gong)率式(shi)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。