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風電變流器行業簡介

一、風電變流器原理是什么

風電(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)由主電(dian)(dian)路系統(tong)、配電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)以及(ji)控(kong)制系統(tong)構(gou)成，采用三(san)相電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)(xing)交(jiao)-直-交(jiao)雙向變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)技(ji)術(shu)，通過對(dui)雙饋(kui)異步風力發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的轉子(zi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行勵磁，使得(de)雙饋(kui)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的定子(zi)側(ce)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的幅值、頻(pin)率和(he)相位與電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)相同，并且可根據需要進(jin)(jin)(jin)行有功和(he)無功的獨立解耦控(kong)制，具體的工作(zuo)原理(li)是(shi)(shi)：在直驅型(xing)(xing)風力發電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)中，全(quan)功率變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)永(yong)磁同步發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)與電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)之(zhi)間(jian)的橋梁。永(yong)磁同步發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)發出的交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)隨著(zhu)風的變(bian)(bian)化而變(bian)(bian)化的，不能直接接入電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)。變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的機(ji)(ji)側(ce)對(dui)幅值和(he)頻(pin)率變(bian)(bian)化的交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行PWM整流(liu)(liu)(liu)，整流(liu)(liu)(liu)后(hou)的直流(liu)(liu)(liu)經(jing)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的網(wang)(wang)側(ce)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行PWM逆變(bian)(bian)，將直流(liu)(liu)(liu)逆變(bian)(bian)成幅值和(he)頻(pin)率穩定的交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，經(jing)濾(lv)波(bo)器(qi)(qi)、升壓(ya)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)并入電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)。

二、風電變流器的作用

風電機組利用風力發電，但自然界的風是不穩定的，速度有時大有時小，這種不穩定性決定了風機的轉速是變化的，從而發出的電也是不穩定的，而并網需要50Hz恒定頻率的交流電，為解決這個問題，需要一定的頻率變化手段去配合轉速變化，實現對風電頻率的變頻并轉化為電網交流頻率，這需要利用電力電子技術中的變頻器技術。因此，風電變流器就誕生了，它的作用主要是解決在風機轉速變化的情況下，如何保證發電恒頻輸出的問題。風電變流器根據風速大小適應發電機轉速，使風機實現最佳風能捕獲。它將風機在自然風作用下發出的電壓頻率、幅值不穩定的電能轉換為頻率、幅值穩定、符合電網要求的電能后并入電網。風電變流器在風力發電機組中是很重要的，如果您需要采購風電變流器，一定要選擇一個好的風電變流器品牌。

三、風電變流器和變頻器的區別

風(feng)電(dian)變流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和變頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相比，硬件基本(ben)相同，主(zhu)要區別在控(kong)制算法和操(cao)縱目的(de)(de)，變流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)改變的(de)(de)是電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)（也有幾率(lv)對頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)進行更改），變頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)改變的(de)(de)是主(zhu)要頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)。變流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和變頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之所以稱呼不(bu)同，主(zhu)要在于它們(men)伺服(fu)的(de)(de)對象的(de)(de)特性(xing)不(bu)同。變流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)伺服(fu)的(de)(de)對象是雙(shuang)饋(kui)發電(dian)機(ji)，變頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要是調(diao)節異步電(dian)動機(ji)。一(yi)般(ban)來(lai)說，風(feng)電(dian)變流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)環(huan)境溫度范圍(wei)要比普通的(de)(de)變頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大些，可靠性(xing)也要高(gao)(gao)些，因(yin)為風(feng)力發電(dian)一(yi)般(ban)都是無人值守的(de)(de)24小時運行，還要滿足大電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)運行，因(yin)此要求較高(gao)(gao)。

四、風電變流器一般分為哪幾種

風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)的(de)種(zhong)類主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有兩種(zhong)：1、雙(shuang)饋式(shi)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)：雙(shuang)饋式(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)在風(feng)力發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)中配套雙(shuang)饋發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)使用，當風(feng)速(su)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化導致發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)轉速(su)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化時，變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)通過(guo)控制發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)轉子的(de)勵(li)磁來改變(bian)(bian)(bian)轉子的(de)磁場，使發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、頻率(lv)(lv)、幅(fu)值和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)保持一致，從而(er)實現風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)速(su)恒頻發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。雙(shuang)饋型風(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)的(de)作用就是為(wei)了生成這個(ge)頻率(lv)(lv)旋(xuan)轉磁場而(er)提(ti)供交(jiao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。在實際運轉過(guo)程啟動(dong)后，風(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)出(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能將會(hui)通過(guo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)反(fan)饋給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)（約占風(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)總(zong)功率(lv)(lv)的(de)35~40%），此(ci)類型風(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)(yin)之(zhi)稱為(wei)雙(shuang)饋型風(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。2、全(quan)功率(lv)(lv)式(shi)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)：全(quan)功率(lv)(lv)式(shi)的(de)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)配套直驅(qu)/半直驅(qu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)以及異步發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)使用，由機(ji)(ji)(ji)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換器(qi)和(he)網(wang)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換器(qi)組成，兩者通過(guo)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)母(mu)線(xian)連接，機(ji)(ji)(ji)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換器(qi)實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻調速(su)，獲得最(zui)佳的(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)(lv)，而(er)網(wang)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換器(qi)接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，提(ti)供優質的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能輸(shu)出(chu)。這種(zhong)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)因(yin)(yin)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)全(quan)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能都通過(guo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)傳輸(shu)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)側(ce)，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)稱為(wei)全(quan)功率(lv)(lv)式(shi)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)。