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風電變流器行業簡介

一、風電變流器原理是什么

風電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)由主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路系統(tong)、配電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)以及控制系統(tong)構成(cheng)，采(cai)用三相電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓型交(jiao)-直-交(jiao)雙(shuang)向變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)技術，通過對(dui)(dui)雙(shuang)饋異步(bu)風力(li)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)子進(jin)行(xing)勵磁，使得(de)雙(shuang)饋發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)定子側(ce)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)幅(fu)值(zhi)、頻(pin)率和(he)(he)相位(wei)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)相同(tong)，并且可根據需(xu)要進(jin)行(xing)有(you)功(gong)和(he)(he)無(wu)功(gong)的(de)(de)獨立(li)解耦(ou)控制，具(ju)體的(de)(de)工作原理(li)是(shi)：在直驅型風力(li)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)中，全功(gong)率變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)永磁同(tong)步(bu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)之間的(de)(de)橋梁。永磁同(tong)步(bu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)發出的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)隨著風的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)而變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)，不能直接接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)。變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)機(ji)側(ce)對(dui)(dui)幅(fu)值(zhi)和(he)(he)頻(pin)率變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)進(jin)行(xing)PWM整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)后(hou)的(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)網(wang)(wang)側(ce)進(jin)行(xing)PWM逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，將(jiang)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)幅(fu)值(zhi)和(he)(he)頻(pin)率穩定的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，經濾波器(qi)(qi)(qi)、升壓變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)并入電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)。

二、風電變流器的作用

風電機組利用風力發電，但自然界的風是不穩定的，速度有時大有時小，這種不穩定性決定了風機的轉速是變化的，從而發出的電也是不穩定的，而并網需要50Hz恒定頻率的交流電，為解決這個問題，需要一定的頻率變化手段去配合轉速變化，實現對風電頻率的變頻并轉化為電網交流頻率，這需要利用電力電子技術中的變頻器技術。因此，風電變流器就誕生了，它的作用主要是解決在風機轉速變化的情況下，如何保證發電恒頻輸出的問題。風電變流器根據風速大小適應發電機轉速，使風機實現最佳風能捕獲。它將風機在自然風作用下發出的電壓頻率、幅值不穩定的電能轉換為頻率、幅值穩定、符合電網要求的電能后并入電網。風電變流器在風力發電機組中是很重要的，如果您需要采購風電變流器，一定要選擇一個好的風電變流器品牌。

三、風電變流器和變頻器的區別

風(feng)電(dian)變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)變(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)(qi)相比，硬(ying)件基(ji)本相同，主(zhu)要區(qu)別在控制算(suan)法和(he)操縱目的(de)，變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)(qi)改變(bian)(bian)的(de)是(shi)電(dian)流（也有幾率對頻率進行(xing)更改），變(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)(qi)改變(bian)(bian)的(de)是(shi)主(zhu)要頻率。變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)變(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)(qi)之所以(yi)稱呼不同，主(zhu)要在于它們伺服的(de)對象(xiang)的(de)特性(xing)不同。變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)(qi)伺服的(de)對象(xiang)是(shi)雙饋發(fa)電(dian)機，變(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要是(shi)調節異(yi)步電(dian)動(dong)機。一(yi)般(ban)來(lai)說，風(feng)電(dian)變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)(qi)工作的(de)環境溫度(du)范圍要比普通的(de)變(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)些，可靠性(xing)也要高些，因為風(feng)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)一(yi)般(ban)都是(shi)無人值守的(de)24小時(shi)運行(xing)，還要滿(man)足大(da)電(dian)流運行(xing)，因此要求較高。

四、風電變流器一般分為哪幾種

風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)種(zhong)類(lei)主要有兩種(zhong)：1、雙(shuang)饋(kui)式(shi)(shi)(shi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)：雙(shuang)饋(kui)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)主要在(zai)(zai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)中配套(tao)雙(shuang)饋(kui)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)使(shi)用，當風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化導致發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化時，變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)通過控制發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)的(de)(de)勵磁來(lai)改變(bian)(bian)(bian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)的(de)(de)磁場，使(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、頻(pin)率、幅值和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)保持一(yi)致，從而實(shi)(shi)(shi)現風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)速(su)(su)(su)恒頻(pin)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。雙(shuang)饋(kui)型風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用就是為(wei)了生成這個頻(pin)率旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)磁場而提供交變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。在(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)過程啟(qi)動后，風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)將會通過變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)反(fan)饋(kui)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)（約(yue)占(zhan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)總功率的(de)(de)35~40%），此(ci)類(lei)型風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)因(yin)(yin)之稱為(wei)雙(shuang)饋(kui)型風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)。2、全功率式(shi)(shi)(shi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)：全功率式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)主要配套(tao)直(zhi)驅/半直(zhi)驅發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)以及(ji)異步發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)使(shi)用，由機(ji)(ji)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)和網(wang)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)組成，兩者通過直(zhi)流(liu)母線連接，機(ji)(ji)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)調速(su)(su)(su)，獲得最(zui)佳的(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率，而網(wang)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，提供優質的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)輸(shu)出。這種(zhong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)因(yin)(yin)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)都通過變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)傳(chuan)輸(shu)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)側(ce)，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)稱為(wei)全功率式(shi)(shi)(shi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)。