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風電變流器行業簡介

一、風電變流器原理是什么

風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)由主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)以及控制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)構成，采用三相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)交(jiao)(jiao)-直(zhi)-交(jiao)(jiao)雙(shuang)(shuang)向變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)技術，通過對雙(shuang)(shuang)饋(kui)異(yi)步風(feng)(feng)力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)轉子(zi)進行(xing)勵磁，使得雙(shuang)(shuang)饋(kui)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)定子(zi)側輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)幅(fu)值、頻率和(he)(he)相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網相(xiang)(xiang)同，并且(qie)可根據需要進行(xing)有功和(he)(he)無功的(de)獨立解(jie)耦控制，具體的(de)工作(zuo)原理是(shi)：在直(zhi)驅型(xing)風(feng)(feng)力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中，全功率變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)永磁同步發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網之間的(de)橋(qiao)梁。永磁同步發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)發出的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)隨著(zhu)風(feng)(feng)的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)而變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)的(de)，不能直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網。變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)機(ji)側對幅(fu)值和(he)(he)頻率變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)進行(xing)PWM整流(liu)(liu)，整流(liu)(liu)后(hou)的(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)經(jing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)網側進行(xing)PWM逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，將直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)成幅(fu)值和(he)(he)頻率穩定的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)，經(jing)濾(lv)波器(qi)(qi)、升壓(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)并入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網。

二、風電變流器的作用

風電機組利用風力發電，但自然界的風是不穩定的，速度有時大有時小，這種不穩定性決定了風機的轉速是變化的，從而發出的電也是不穩定的，而并網需要50Hz恒定頻率的交流電，為解決這個問題，需要一定的頻率變化手段去配合轉速變化，實現對風電頻率的變頻并轉化為電網交流頻率，這需要利用電力電子技術中的變頻器技術。因此，風電變流器就誕生了，它的作用主要是解決在風機轉速變化的情況下，如何保證發電恒頻輸出的問題。風電變流器根據風速大小適應發電機轉速，使風機實現最佳風能捕獲。它將風機在自然風作用下發出的電壓頻率、幅值不穩定的電能轉換為頻率、幅值穩定、符合電網要求的電能后并入電網。風電變流器在風力發電機組中是很重要的，如果您需要采購風電變流器，一定要選擇一個好的風電變流器品牌。

三、風電變流器和變頻器的區別

風(feng)(feng)電(dian)變(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)和變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)相比(bi)，硬件(jian)基本相同(tong)，主(zhu)要(yao)區別在控(kong)制(zhi)算法和操縱目的(de)(de)，變(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)改變(bian)的(de)(de)是(shi)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)（也(ye)有幾率對(dui)頻(pin)(pin)率進行更改），變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)改變(bian)的(de)(de)是(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)頻(pin)(pin)率。變(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)和變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)之所以(yi)稱呼不同(tong)，主(zhu)要(yao)在于它們(men)伺服的(de)(de)對(dui)象的(de)(de)特性不同(tong)。變(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)伺服的(de)(de)對(dui)象是(shi)雙饋發電(dian)機，變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)調節異(yi)步電(dian)動機。一般來說，風(feng)(feng)電(dian)變(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)工作的(de)(de)環境溫(wen)度范圍要(yao)比(bi)普通的(de)(de)變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)大些，可靠性也(ye)要(yao)高(gao)些，因(yin)為風(feng)(feng)力發電(dian)一般都(dou)是(shi)無人值(zhi)守的(de)(de)24小時運(yun)行，還要(yao)滿足大電(dian)流(liu)(liu)運(yun)行，因(yin)此要(yao)求較高(gao)。

四、風電變流器一般分為哪幾種

風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)種類主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)兩(liang)種：1、雙饋(kui)式風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)：雙饋(kui)式變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)在(zai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)力發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)中配(pei)套(tao)雙饋(kui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)使用，當風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)導致(zhi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉速(su)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)時，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)通(tong)過(guo)控制發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉子(zi)的(de)(de)勵磁(ci)來改變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)轉子(zi)的(de)(de)磁(ci)場(chang)，使發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓、頻率(lv)(lv)、幅(fu)值和(he)電(dian)(dian)網保持一(yi)致(zhi)，從而實現風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)速(su)恒頻發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)。雙饋(kui)型風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)作用就是為了(le)生成這個頻率(lv)(lv)旋轉磁(ci)場(chang)而提供交變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。在(zai)實際運轉過(guo)程啟動后，風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)將會通(tong)過(guo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)反(fan)饋(kui)給電(dian)(dian)網（約占風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)總功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)35~40%），此(ci)(ci)類型風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)因(yin)(yin)之稱為雙饋(kui)型風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)。2、全(quan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)式風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)：全(quan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)式的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)配(pei)套(tao)直驅(qu)/半(ban)直驅(qu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)以及異步發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)使用，由機(ji)(ji)側(ce)(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換器(qi)(qi)和(he)網側(ce)(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換器(qi)(qi)組成，兩(liang)者通(tong)過(guo)直流(liu)母線連接，機(ji)(ji)側(ce)(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換器(qi)(qi)實現電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻調(diao)速(su)，獲(huo)得最佳的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)效率(lv)(lv)，而網側(ce)(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換器(qi)(qi)接入電(dian)(dian)網，提供優質的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)輸(shu)出。這種風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)因(yin)(yin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)全(quan)部電(dian)(dian)能(neng)都(dou)通(tong)過(guo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)傳輸(shu)到電(dian)(dian)網側(ce)(ce)，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)稱為全(quan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)式風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)。