發展由來
綜述
5000年以前(qian)的(de)上古時期，有一(yi)(yi)支(zhi)姓(xing)姜(jiang)的(de)部(bu)(bu)落生(sheng)活(huo)在(zai)(zai)這里(li)的(de)姜(jiang)水一(yi)(yi)帶。部(bu)(bu)落首(shou)領－－直至今天(tian)，在(zai)(zai)世界上好(hao)多的(de)地(di)方(fang)，中東、非(fei)洲、南美洲的(de)雨林(lin)里(li)，都還(huan)有不(bu)少這樣(yang)的(de)大(da)人物(wu)，喚作“酋長”－－叫(jiao)神(shen)農，身(shen)號炎(yan)(yan)帝。炎(yan)(yan)帝與其(qi)后續世系生(sheng)活(huo)在(zai)(zai)姬水一(yi)(yi)帶的(de)鄰居黃帝，共(gong)為而今的(de)洋洋大(da)族中華民族的(de)始祖。寶雞也因是第一(yi)(yi)代炎(yan)(yan)帝的(de)源生(sheng)地(di)，號稱“炎(yan)(yan)帝故里(li)”，當然，也是名副其(qi)實。史書載：（神(shen)農）母(mu)任姒(si)游常羊，感生(sheng)帝……，在(zai)(zai)寶雞市南郊的(de)常羊山上就有一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)炎(yan)(yan)帝陵，相傳炎(yan)(yan)帝死后葬于此地(di)。此外，市區(qu)中心(xin)地(di)帶還(huan)有一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)炎(yan)(yan)帝祠(ci)。
寶雞為姜(jiang)(jiang)炎文(wen)(wen)化的發(fa)祥地(di)之(zhi)一，是中國(guo)文(wen)(wen)化、中華(hua)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)、中華(hua)民族的重要的起(qi)源地(di)之(zhi)一。 在距今約5000年前，寶雞渭水流域(yu)的姜(jiang)(jiang)水，生息著一個(ge)古老的氏族部落——姜(jiang)(jiang)炎族，誕生了一位(wei)偉(wei)大(da)的人物(wu)，中華(hua)民族的人文(wen)(wen)始祖——炎帝。
《國語(yu)·晉語(yu)》載“炎(yan)(yan)帝以(yi)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)成”，我們可以(yi)理解為(wei)炎(yan)(yan)帝族最早活動的地(di)方(fang)在(zai)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。古之姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，據(ju)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)經(jing)·渭水(shui)(shui)(shui)注》所載是(shi)(shi)在(zai)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)，即(ji)今岐(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)縣周原一帶(dai)(dai)，但不(bu)知道確定地(di)點。不(bu)過，據(ju)《大明一統(tong)志(zhi)》：鳳翔(xiang)府(fu)寶(bao)雞(ji)(ji)縣南(nan)七里有(you)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)也(ye)有(you)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，此姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)今名(ming)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)，往南(nan)即(ji)益門堡(bao)，堡(bao)西有(you)一水(shui)(shui)(shui)名(ming)今仍(reng)名(ming)清姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河(he)。古代傳說(shuo)，本來難(nan)得考實。以(yi)上(shang)(shang)兩說(shuo)孰是(shi)(shi)孰非，不(bu)必過于拘泥。但總是(shi)(shi)在(zai)鳳翔(xiang)府(fu)地(di)，即(ji)今寶(bao)雞(ji)(ji)市區之內。姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)為(wei)新石器(qi)遺(yi)址，1958年被列為(wei)陜西省重(zhong)點文(wen)物保護單位。實際上(shang)(shang)，姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)炎(yan)(yan)族在(zai)寶(bao)雞(ji)(ji)的最早故居(ju)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)今清姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河(he)流域。為(wei)了生(sheng)存和發展，一部分(fen)遷居(ju)今岐(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)、扶風一帶(dai)(dai)，所以(yi)，在(zai)這(zhe)里也(ye)出(chu)現(xian)了帶(dai)(dai)“姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)”的水(shui)(shui)(shui)名(ming)和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)名(ming)，即(ji)“姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)”和“姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”。有(you)研究者考證認為(wei)，在(zai)今寶(bao)雞(ji)(ji)市區渭河(he)和清姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河(he)的交匯地(di)帶(dai)(dai)，曾發現(xian)過多件劉(liu)家文(wen)化（姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)炎(yan)(yan)文(wen)化）的典(dian)型器(qi)物——高領袋(dai)足鬲。據(ju)測定，這(zhe)比在(zai)岐(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)、扶風境內發現(xian)的同類(lei)器(qi)物要早。這(zhe)說(shuo)明岐(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)、扶風境內出(chu)現(xian)的劉(liu)家文(wen)化是(shi)(shi)寶(bao)雞(ji)(ji)市區姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)炎(yan)(yan)族向東(dong)遷徙、推進的結果。
正因為炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)誕生于今(jin)(jin)(jin)寶雞地區(qu)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)，歷史(shi)傳說(shuo)，早在(zai)(zai)黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)時代，寶雞地區(qu)就(jiu)開(kai)始(shi)了對炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)。《路史(shi)·后(hou)記(ji)(ji)》記(ji)(ji)載:“黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)所(suo)(suo)崇炎(yan)(yan)之(zhi)祠于陳”。羅萍注說(shuo)：“黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)所(suo)(suo)崇疑在(zai)(zai)陳倉”。《史(shi)記(ji)(ji)·封禪書》記(ji)(ji)載：“秦(qin)靈公作(zuo)吳陽(yang)上畤(zhi)(zhi)，祭(ji)(ji)黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)；作(zuo)下畤(zhi)(zhi)，祭(ji)(ji)炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)。”“吳陽(yang)”是指今(jin)(jin)(jin)寶雞市區(qu)北的(de)(de)吳山（今(jin)(jin)(jin)陳倉區(qu)境內）之(zhi)東南面，即(ji)今(jin)(jin)(jin)鳳翔的(de)(de)“三(san)畤(zhi)(zhi)原”。秦(qin)國開(kai)創了以(yi)朝(chao)廷名義(yi)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)、黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)先例。迄(qi)今(jin)(jin)(jin)為止，這是我們所(suo)(suo)能看到的(de)(de)最早的(de)(de)有關這方面內容(rong)的(de)(de)文(wen)獻記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)。自此以(yi)后(hou)，寶雞祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)相沿成習(xi)、經久不衰。西漢時期，漢高祖劉邦自稱“赤（炎(yan)(yan)）帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)子”，設(she)“畤(zhi)(zhi)”祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)及黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)、青帝(di)(di)(di)、白帝(di)(di)(di)、黑帝(di)(di)(di)。這種祭(ji)(ji)俗一直延至(zhi)漢武(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)。漢武(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)位(wei)期間,曾多(duo)次(ci)到“雍(yong)”地設(she)“畤(zhi)(zhi)”祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)“五帝(di)(di)(di)”。隋唐以(yi)降，寶雞地區(qu)開(kai)始(shi)設(she)廟(miao)宇祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)和(he)黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)。
隨著炎帝(di)部落(luo)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)繁衍壯(zhuang)大，炎帝(di)部落(luo)沿渭(wei)河(he)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)向(xiang)東南方向(xiang)遷徙。炎帝(di)及其后續(xu)世系政(zheng)權(quan)又(you)分為兩大支脈，一為炎帝(di)魁隗氏政(zheng)權(quan)，一為炎帝(di)神農氏政(zheng)權(quan)。
魁隗氏
炎(yan)帝魁隗(wei)氏(shi)發祥于(yu)秦嶺常羊山，興盛于(yu)赤水（今貴(gui)州(zhou)赤水市(shi)），建帝都于(yu)陳倉(cang)（今陜(shan)西(xi)寶雞(ji)市(shi)），傳七帝而失政，被炎(yan)帝神農(nong)氏(shi)取而代之。
炎帝(di)魁(kui)隗氏政(zheng)權起于公元(yuan)(yuan)前5008年，訖于公元(yuan)(yuan)前4766年，歷(li)六任帝(di)，傳國虛記二百四十三年。這(zhe)六任帝(di)是：
1、 魁隗，在位(wei)執政虛記五(wu)十八年（公元前5008——前4951年）。
2、 炎居，在位執政(zheng)虛記三十(shi)四年（公元前4951——前4918年）。
3、 節(jie)并(bing)，在(zai)位執政(zheng)虛記四十三年（公元前(qian)4918——前(qian)4876年）。
4、 戲器，在位執(zhi)政虛記五(wu)十年（公元前4876——前4827年）。
5、 祝(zhu)融，在(zai)位執政虛記四十七年（公元前(qian)4827——前(qian)4781年）。
6、 共(gong)工，在位執政(zheng)虛記十六年（公元前(qian)4781——前(qian)4766年）。
神農氏
部族(zu)(zu)首領稱炎帝，名(ming)石年(nian)，姜(jiang)姓，羊(yang)圖騰。號(hao)神農(nong)氏(shi)(shi)，為神農(nong)氏(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)，始生地在(zai)姜(jiang)水(shui)（今陜(shan)西省(sheng)寶雞市境內(nei)），傳說在(zai)位(wei)(wei)140年(nian)（約(yue)公(gong)元前3216～前3077年(nian)），一(yi)說在(zai)位(wei)(wei)120年(nian)，卒葬于湖南(nan)省(sheng)株洲市炎陵(ling)縣鹿(lu)原陂（又名(ming)炎陵(ling)山、皇山）。是(shi)農(nong)業(ye)和醫藥的(de)發(fa)明者。其著名(ming)后裔(yi)有蚩(chi)尤氏(shi)(shi)、烈(lie)（厲）山氏(shi)(shi)、共工(gong)氏(shi)(shi)、四岳氏(shi)(shi)等。
炎帝神(shen)農氏政權共傳(chuan)八(ba)任(ren)帝，傳(chuan)國虛(xu)記二(er)百五十四年（前4766—前4513）。
首任帝、神農，在位(wei)執(zhi)政虛(xu)記三十四(si)年（公元前4766——前4733年）。
二任帝、臨魁，在位執政虛記(ji)四十二年（公(gong)元前(qian)4733——前(qian)4692年）。
三(san)任(ren)帝、姜承，在(zai)位執政(zheng)虛(xu)記(ji)三(san)十八(ba)年（公元前4692——前4655年）。
四任帝、姜明，在位(wei)執政虛記(ji)二十八年（公元前4655——前4628年）。
五(wu)任帝、姜宜(yi)，在位(wei)執政虛記(ji)四十七年（公元前4628——前4582年）。
六任帝、姜來(lai)，在位執(zhi)政虛記(ji)二十年（公(gong)元前4582——前4563年）。
七任帝、姜克，在位執政虛記二十(shi)五(wu)年（公元前(qian)4563——前(qian)4539年）。
八任帝(di)、榆罔，在位(wei)執(zhi)政虛記二十七年（公元前4539——前4513年）。
蚩尤氏
炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)（一曰(yue)先(xian)仕于(yu)炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)），出自羊水，仕于(yu)黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)。為(wei)主金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)官，默(mo)觀神農(nong)(nong)世衰(shuai)，潛(qian)鑄金(jin)類，以(yi)為(wei)利器(qi)，舉兵(bing)逐榆罔(wang)（炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)裔），自號炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)。后(hou)作兵(bing)伐黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)，并曾請風伯雨師(shi)助戰(zhan)，終為(wei)黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)擊敗于(yu)涿鹿之(zhi)(zhi)野，被殺。他是戰(zhan)神和(he)兵(bing)器(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)神，而兵(bing)器(qi)的(de)發明乃源自農(nong)(nong)具和(he)其他生產(chan)工具。
共工氏
亦名(ming)共攻氏，炎(yan)帝(di)后裔。性(xing)格暴戾，易于為(wei)(wei)非。相傳因與(yu)顓頊爭強為(wei)(wei)帝(di)，曾與(yu)東夷族大戰，不勝，而怒觸不周之山，致使天傾地陷(xian)，造成人間大災難。
烈山氏
又叫厲山(shan)氏(shi)，其首領為烈(lie)山(shan)或柱(zhu)。《國語·魯(lu)語上(shang)》云：“昔烈(lie)山(shan)氏(shi)之有天下也，其子(zi)曰(yue)柱(zhu)，能(neng)植(zhi)百谷(gu)百蔬(shu)。”《左傳·昭公二十(shi)九(jiu)年》載：“有烈(lie)山(shan)氏(shi)之子(zi)曰(yue)柱(zhu)，為稷”。《禮(li)記·祭法》則稱：“厲山(shan)氏(shi)之有天下也，其子(zi)曰(yue)農，能(neng)植(zhi)百谷(gu)。”一般認(ren)為烈(lie)山(shan)氏(shi)為炎帝后裔(yi)，仍為農神(shen)、谷(gu)神(shen)。烈(lie)山(shan)，本是燒山(shan)墾(ken)田之意。
四岳氏
首(shou)領為伯夷，姜姓，傳為共工之從孫，曾助禹平治水土。后繁衍出齊、呂、申、許四支后裔。
第二世，臨魁(kui)，炎帝(di)長(chang)子，在位80年(nian)（公元(yuan)前(qian)3076～前(qian)2997年(nian)）。
第三世，帝(di)承，在位60年(nian)（公(gong)元前2996～前2937年(nian)）。
第四世，帝明，在(zai)位49年（公元前2936一前2888年）。
第五世，帝直(zhi)，在(zai)位45年(nian)（公元(yuan)前2887一(yi)前2843年(nian)）。
第六(liu)世，帝(di)來（厘），在位48年（公(gong)元前2842～前2795年）。
第七世(shi)，帝裹（哀），在位42年（公元前2794一前2753年）。
第八世，榆罔(wang)，名克，居(ju)長(chang)（zhǎng），在位55年(nian)；因德不及其弟軒轅，故讓位。軒轅即黃帝，姓有熊氏(shi)。
第九(jiu)世，名器，榆罔子。
第十世(shi)，名祝融，器之子；卒(zu)葬(zang)衡山（在今(jin)湖南）。
第十一世，名術囂，祝融子(zi)。
第(di)十二世，名(ming)勾龍(long)，術(shu)囂子。
第十三世，名(ming)垂(chui)，勾龍(long)子。
第(di)十四世(shi)，名共工。
第十五(wu)世，名(ming)伯夷，著名(ming)賢人，佐堯(yao)帝(di)掌四岳，佐大禹治(zhi)水，因功受封于(yu)呂(lv)(lv)，為呂(lv)(lv)侯，是呂(lv)(lv)氏(shi)得姓之始(shi)。姜太公呂(lv)(lv)尚，即其后。
后世紀念
炎帝故里
主(zhu)詞條：炎帝故里(li)
因為炎帝(di)神農(nong)（Yandi；Yan Emperor）并不(bu)單(dan)是一個(ge)，而是對這一時期(qi)炎帝(di)世(shi)系多個(ge)早期(qi)華夏族(zu)杰出部落首領的統稱，這些人可能距今(jin)6000年(nian)至5500年(nian)之間活(huo)動于姜水之岸（今(jin)陜西(xi)省寶雞(ji)市境內），其后(hou)部落發(fa)展擴(kuo)大，遷徙并活(huo)躍于湖北、湖南(nan)、山西(xi)等地(di)，均是炎帝(di)故里。
炎帝陵
主詞條：炎帝陵
炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)又號(hao)稱神農氏(shi)(shi)(shi)，神農氏(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)部(bu)落(luo)初始活(huo)(huo)躍地(di)應在在姜(jiang)水，后(hou)以姜(jiang)水為活(huo)(huo)動中(zhong)心，向周邊地(di)區(qu)擴展(zhan)，因此在天(tian)臺山、常羊(yang)山、蒙峪(yu)溝、九龍泉、清(qing)姜(jiang)河、炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)陵(ling)、炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)祠多(duo)(duo)個(ge)地(di)方構成了(le)一(yi)條(tiao)完整(zheng)的炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)神農氏(shi)(shi)(shi)從出生、死后(hou)安葬(zang)的炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)文(wen)化(hua)鏈條(tiao)。《國語》中(zhong)記(ji)載(zai)，大(da)(da)約在5000年前(qian)(qian)西秦大(da)(da)地(di)上活(huo)(huo)動著一(yi)支母系氏(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)部(bu)落(luo)--有蚶氏(shi)(shi)(shi)，傳說后(hou)產生雙胞族(zu)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)和黃(huang)帝(di)(di)，黃(huang)帝(di)(di)部(bu)落(luo)最(zui)初生活(huo)(huo)在渭河下(xia)游，后(hou)遷移至中(zhong)原地(di)區(qu)。炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)部(bu)落(luo)生活(huo)(huo)在寶(bao)雞一(yi)帶(dai)，以經營農業著名。在寶(bao)雞已發現關桃(tao)園(yuan)遺(yi)址(zhi)（8000年前(qian)(qian)）、北首(shou)嶺遺(yi)址(zhi)（7100年前(qian)(qian)）、姜(jiang)城堡(bao)遺(yi)址(zhi)等(deng)古(gu)文(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)址(zhi)40多(duo)(duo)處(chu)。眾多(duo)(duo)的古(gu)文(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)址(zhi)，反映了(le)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)部(bu)落(luo)繁衍生息(xi)，發展(zhan)狀(zhuang)大(da)(da)的過程。
炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落以(yi)寶雞為中(zhong)心，沿渭河(he)(he)向(xiang)四(si)周擴展(zhan)(zhan)，向(xiang)西發展(zhan)(zhan)到中(zhong)原大地(di)，此處土地(di)平(ping)坦肥沃，氣候濕潤(run)，原始農業得到長遠的發展(zhan)(zhan)。部(bu)(bu)(bu)落開(kai)始定(ding)居(ju)，開(kai)始建都陳，再遷往魯。建都曲阜，后來(lai)炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落與南方的蚩尤(you)(you)發生戰爭，求(qiu)助于(yu)黃(huang)帝(di)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落在(zai)涿鹿大敗蚩尤(you)(you)。以(yi)后炎(yan)(yan)黃(huang)兩(liang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落聯盟形(xing)成了華夏(xia)民族的主體。后來(lai)，炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落一部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)南遷，足跡兩(liang)湖(hu)。一部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)仍留(liu)于(yu)黃(huang)河(he)(he)流域融合于(yu)其他氏族部(bu)(bu)(bu)落之(zhi)中(zhong)，仍奉(feng)炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)為祖。
炎帝神農故里
這(zhe)反映了(le)神農(nong)(nong)部(bu)落(luo)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)斷發展壯大的，其(qi)中以(yi)寶雞的炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)陵為第一代(dai)炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)的陵墓。寶雞是(shi)(shi)早期華夏部(bu)落(luo)聯(lian)盟(meng)主干——炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)部(bu)落(luo)（華族）的發祥地。第一代(dai)炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)生(sheng)于(yu)(yu)常羊山蒙峪溝，長(chang)于(yu)(yu)姜(jiang)水(shui)，是(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)業之(zhi)神，醫藥之(zhi)圣，因以(yi)火(huo)德王，故(gu)名炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)，號神農(nong)(nong)氏。《白虎通(tong)義》中記載，古之(zhi)人民皆食禽獸(shou)肉，至于(yu)(yu)神農(nong)(nong)，人民眾多，禽獸(shou)不(bu)足，于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)神農(nong)(nong)因天之(zhi)時，分地之(zhi)利，制耒耜，教(jiao)民農(nong)(nong)作，神而化之(zhi)，使民宜(yi)之(zhi)，故(gu)謂之(zhi)神農(nong)(nong)。一代(dai)、二代(dai)炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)均生(sheng)活(huo)于(yu)(yu)陜西寶雞姜(jiang)水(shui)之(zhi)岸，其(qi)后(hou)，炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)部(bu)落(luo)壯大輻射(she)到(dao)其(qi)他地區，后(hou)代(dai)炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)活(huo)躍于(yu)(yu)湖南株(zhu)洲炎(yan)(yan)陵縣(xian)、湖北(bei)隨州、山西高平等地，使這(zhe)些地方都留下炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)陵。
陵祠
炎(yan)帝(di)陵和炎(yan)帝(di)祠位于寶雞市(shi)渭濱區(qu)神農鎮境(jing)內常羊山上(shang)。是(shi)神農炎(yan)帝(di)的陵寢，為炎(yan)黃子孫拜祖(zu)祭祀(si)的主要場所。
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民族是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)黃貴胄(zhou)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)黃子孫(sun)。神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)氏(shi)(shi)族始(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)始(shi)生地(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水，軒轅氏(shi)(shi)族始(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)黃帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)始(shi)生地(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)姬(ji)水，早(zao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)2700多年(nian)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)春秋(qiu)時代(dai)就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)定論。《國(guo)語·晉語》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)記(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai)：“黃帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以姬(ji)水成，炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水成。”姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)寶(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，這(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)1500多年(nian)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)北魏時代(dai)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古地(di)(di)(di)理學(xue)家酈(li)道元就(jiu)明(ming)確地(di)(di)(di)寫人(ren)(ren)(ren)《水經(jing)注》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。明(ming)代(dai)天(tian)(tian)順五(wu)年(nian)《一統志(zhi)》記(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai)：“姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)寶(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)南(nan)(nan)。”即(ji)今寶(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)市(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)渭(wei)河南(nan)(nan)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水邊(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)(shi)城(cheng)。寶(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)市(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)渭(wei)河南(nan)(nan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)浴圣九(jiu)龍泉(quan)(quan)(quan)，泉(quan)(quan)(quan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)唐建(jian)神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)祠(ci)，祠(ci)南(nan)(nan)蒙峪(yu)口有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)常(chang)(chang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，常(chang)(chang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)，均在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)（寶(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)市(shi)(shi)(shi)）渭(wei)濱(bin)(bin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)鎮境(jing)內，都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)眾(zhong)民百(bai)姓祭(ji)祀(si)先(xian)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)所(suo)。炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)主要游(you)覽(lan)(lan)建(jian)筑(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)：神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)門(men)(men)、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)腳亭(ting)、炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)、炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)行(xing)宮(gong)(gong)、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)首(shou)亭(ting)、“神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)城(cheng)池(chi)”、“華(hua)(hua)夏始(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)”牌(pai)(pai)坊、祭(ji)壇廣場(chang)、炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)、炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塑像(xiang)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)型彩繪(hui)(hui)、墓(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)石(shi)階(jie)(jie)、陵(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)等(deng)。寶(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)民間(jian)(jian)春節(jie)正月11日集會九(jiu)龍泉(quan)(quan)(quan)祭(ji)祀(si)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)誕辰；每年(nian)7月7日集會天(tian)(tian)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)祭(ji)奠炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)死葬(zang)。這(zhe)(zhe)幾年(nian)來，海內外同(tong)胞多次(ci)成批來寶(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水流域姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)城(cheng)堡、九(jiu)龍泉(quan)(quan)(quan)、天(tian)(tian)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)尋根拜(bai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)，但祠(ci)毀陵(ling)(ling)(ling)圮失修(xiu)(xiu)。作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)故(gu)(gu)鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)黃子孫(sun)——寶(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)深感(gan)內疚。為(wei)(wei)此渭(wei)濱(bin)(bin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)鎮政(zheng)(zheng)府先(xian)后邀(yao)請專家學(xue)者與(yu)研究寶(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)方志(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)志(zhi)，進(jin)行(xing)實(shi)地(di)(di)(di)考(kao)察，結合史志(zhi)文獻記(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai)論證(zheng)．市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)府、政(zheng)(zheng)協以及(ji)地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)(chu)蒙峪(yu)溝口常(chang)(chang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寶(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)橋(qiao)梁廠領導(dao)，決心在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)氏(shi)(shi)族始(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)生、創業與(yu)喪葬(zang)之(zhi)處(chu)(chu)重修(xiu)(xiu)神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)祠(ci)和(he)(he)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)，為(wei)(wei)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)黃子孫(sun)拜(bai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)謁(ye)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)祭(ji)奠先(xian) 祖(zu)(zu)(zu)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)場(chang)所(suo)。弘揚(yang)民族文化，功(gong)垂中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)歷史。炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)劃(hua)分陵(ling)(ling)(ling)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、祭(ji)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、墓(mu)冢三(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)部分。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)：姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)城(cheng)堡處(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一古式重檐牌(pai)(pai)坊，上(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)：“炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)故(gu)(gu)里”四(si)(si)字(zi)(zi)。堡東“浴圣九(jiu)龍泉(quan)(quan)(quan)”上(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)沐浴殿(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)九(jiu)龍亭(ting)。清(qing)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)北段(duan)十字(zi)(zi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)口有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)座石(shi)質華(hua)(hua)表牌(pai)(pai)坊，上(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)“神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)”四(si)(si)字(zi)(zi)。清(qing)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)段(duan)十字(zi)(zi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)口又有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一座古式牌(pai)(pai)坊，上(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)杰(jie)地(di)(di)(di)靈”四(si)(si)字(zi)(zi)。寶(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)橋(qiao)梁廠門(men)(men)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)天(tian)(tian)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)入口處(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒙峪(yu)，坐東面西有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)座跨路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)古建(jian)筑(zhu)“神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)門(men)(men)”牌(pai)(pai)坊。過神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)門(men)(men)經(jing)橋(qiao)梁廠家屬區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，向南(nan)(nan)即(ji)為(wei)(wei)常(chang)(chang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)盤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)直(zhi)(zhi)達(da)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)殿(dian)(dian)；另有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)直(zhi)(zhi)登(deng)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)殿(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)階(jie)(jie)。祭(ji)祀(si)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)：“炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)”所(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)常(chang)(chang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，距寶(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)市(shi)(shi)(shi)南(nan)(nan)約5公(gong)里。進(jin)入山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)百(bai)米臺(tai)(tai)(tai)階(jie)(jie)，謁(ye)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)人(ren)(ren)(ren)可(ke)拾級登(deng)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)，陵(ling)(ling)(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)處(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)牌(pai)(pai)坊、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)。門(men)(men)外豎立著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一塊石(shi)碑，上(shang)(shang)(shang)刻(ke)“常(chang)(chang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”三(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)字(zi)(zi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)西安(an)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)名書(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)家吳三(san)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)手跡。常(chang)(chang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)風光宜人(ren)(ren)(ren)，溝底終(zhong)年(nian)流淌(tang)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)清(qing)冽的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)小(xiao)溪(xi)，也流淌(tang)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)永遠訴說不(bu)完的(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)麗(li)傳說，炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)就(jiu)誕生在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)塊美(mei)麗(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土地(di)(di)(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。步入炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)廟的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)，左廂房里展(zhan)出(chu)(chu)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生平及(ji)傳說故(gu)(gu)事(shi)，右廂房的(de)(de)(de)(de)墻(qiang)壁上(shang)(shang)(shang)懸掛著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)各界人(ren)(ren)(ren)士的(de)(de)(de)(de)題(ti)(ti)詞。東西兩(liang)側設有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)業展(zhan)覽(lan)(lan)館和(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥史展(zhan)覽(lan)(lan)館。修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)及(ji)祭(ji)奠炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)生動場(chang)面可(ke)以通過電視(shi)錄相(xiang)展(zhan)示在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)眼前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。院子的(de)(de)(de)(de)正面是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)，殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)容納千(qian)(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)祭(ji)祀(si)廣場(chang)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)面5間(jian)(jian)，左右兩(liang)邊(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)紅(hong)柱(zhu)子上(shang)(shang)(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)西安(an)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)名書(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)家茹桂書(shu)(shu)(shu)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)對聯：“創始(shi)定有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)千(qian)(qian)載(zai)(zai)岐黃崇炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”，“流傳安(an)無據(ju)八方稼(jia)穡念神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)”。正面門(men)(men)額上(shang)(shang)(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)”四(si)(si)個(ge)(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)字(zi)(zi)。殿(dian)(dian)堂正中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)型塑像(xiang)，殿(dian)(dian)內燈火(huo)輝(hui)煌(huang)，香火(huo)不(bu)斷，宏亮的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐘聲(sheng)悠揚(yang) 悅耳，回(hui)蕩整個(ge)(ge)(ge)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)谷…… 祭(ji)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內還修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)圣母宮(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)閣。西山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腰(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)百(bai)草堂、藥王洞(dong)建(jian)筑(zhu)，既是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)研究中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥的(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)所(suo)，又可(ke)以為(wei)(wei)群(qun)眾(zhong)看病。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)：穿過殿(dian)(dian)堂往(wang)南(nan)(nan)，便是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一條筆直(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通往(wang)后山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)道。炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)就(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)后山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)迫不(bu)及(ji)待(dai)地(di)(di)(di)登(deng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)陡峭(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、層層相(xiang)疊(die)的(de)(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)階(jie)(jie)，直(zhi)(zhi)至登(deng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)第(di)999個(ge)(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)階(jie)(jie)，才算終(zhong)于到達(da)常(chang)(chang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)峰頂(ding)。這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)龐大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圓形陵(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)，墓(mu)冢周圍用青(qing)石(shi)砌(qi)筑(zhu)，墓(mu)碑上(shang)(shang)(shang)刻(ke)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)”四(si)(si)字(zi)(zi)。四(si)(si)周松柏(bo)成林。墓(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)通道兩(liang)邊(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)歷代(dai)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)王塑像(xiang)，陵(ling)(ling)(ling)冢后為(wei)(wei)頌揚(yang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)功(gong)德的(de)(de)(de)(de)詩詞、楹聯和(he)(he)繪(hui)(hui)畫作(zuo)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)碑林。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)東連天(tian)(tian)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)風景名勝區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，北隔蒙峪(yu)河與(yu)諸葛山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)相(xiang)望，南(nan)(nan)邊(bian)(bian)松柏(bo)成林，越林梢可(ke)遠眺(tiao)高聳(song)人(ren)(ren)(ren)云(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)秦(qin)嶺大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)散關，向西俯(fu)視(shi)清(qing)波(bo)滾(gun)滾(gun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水，姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水縈繞姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)(shi)城(cheng)北流人(ren)(ren)(ren)渭(wei)河。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)整體以山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)取(qu)勢，古建(jian)成群(qun)，三(san)面凌空，給人(ren)(ren)(ren)以雄偉(wei)、神(shen)(shen)圣、肅穆(mu)、古雅、幽靜的(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)覺。“國(guo)之(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)祀(si)與(yu)戒。”“蓋古圣之(zhi)功(gong)德，惟帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)。故(gu)(gu)后世之(zhi)報(bao)享，帷帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)最(zui)隆。”作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)業、醫藥和(he)(he)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)創始(shi)者，炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)氏(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)歷代(dai)祀(si)典中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一直(zhi)(zhi)居于崇高的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)位(wei)。海外僑(qiao)胞、港澳同(tong)胞和(he)(he)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)陸各界人(ren)(ren)(ren)士紛(fen)紛(fen)來炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)祭(ji)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)拜(bai)謁(ye)。這(zhe)(zhe)里有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)江澤民、李鵬、趙樸初、周培(pei)源、周谷城(cheng)、楊靜仁、張(zhang)愛萍、王首(shou)道、錢(qian)偉(wei)長、江華(hua)(hua)、王任重、耿(geng)飚、張(zhang)平化、嚴濟慈、蕭克、羅青(qing)長、屈武(wu)等(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)題(ti)(ti)字(zi)(zi)、題(ti)(ti)詞，也有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)社(she)會各界人(ren)(ren)(ren)士留下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)墨(mo)寶(bao)(bao)。
行宮
炎(yan)帝行(xing)宮(gong)是一處重(zhong)要的(de)(de)炎(yan)帝遺存(cun)，位于(yu)山西省高平市東北(bei)14.5公(gong)里的(de)(de)故關(guan)村(cun)。
該宮建于(yu)村中(zhong)偏南(nan)(nan)，創(chuang)建年(nian)代(dai)不詳，至遲在明代(dai)已有。坐北面南(nan)(nan)，單(dan)進院(yuan)。現(xian)有正殿(dian)、午(wu)臺、圣賢殿(dian)等。正殿(dian)三間，進深六(liu)椽，前(qian)殿(dian)懸(xuan)山頂。院(yuan)內現(xian)存，明、清碑四(si)通。
據明成(cheng)化十一年（1475年）“重修炎帝(di)行(xing)宮碑”記(ji)載：“神(shen)農炎帝(di)行(xing)宮磐基在(zai)故關里(li)村(cun)前(qian)，肇(zhao)基太古，無文考驗，祠在(zai)換(huan)馬村(cun)東南，現存墳冢(zhong)，木欄繞護，然祠與宮相去幾百(bai)余步也(ye)。”
歷史遺址
在寶(bao)雞市姜(jiang)(jiang)城堡(bao)地區(qu)發(fa)(fa)現的(de)姜(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)城遺址，面積(ji)大約有49萬平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)。遺址中(zhong)(zhong)最大的(de)房(fang)子長(chang)10.7 米(mi)，寬10.5米(mi)，面積(ji)約124平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)，而北首(shou)嶺(ling)遺址中(zhong)(zhong)最大的(de)房(fang)子面積(ji)僅88平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)，出土的(de)生(sheng)產工具和(he)陶器與北首(shou)嶺(ling)的(de)相(xiang)似，并且相(xiang)對先進。由此可見，姜(jiang)(jiang)城堡(bao)遺址時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)是北首(shou)嶺(ling)氏(shi)族(zu)部落(luo)(luo)的(de)繁榮和(he)發(fa)(fa)展時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)，這正是母系氏(shi)族(zu)公社(she)向父氏(shi)族(zu)公社(she)的(de)過(guo)渡時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)，與傳說中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)炎(yan)帝(di)時(shi)(shi)相(xiang)吻合。發(fa)(fa)現古文化遺址40多(duo)處。眾(zhong)多(duo)的(de)古文化遺址，反(fan)映了炎(yan)帝(di)部落(luo)(luo)繁衍生(sheng)息，發(fa)(fa)展狀大的(de)過(guo)程。
故事傳說
寶雞是炎(yan)帝的發(fa)祥地(di)(di)。炎(yan)帝生于(yu)(yu)寶雞天臺山(shan)的蒙峪溝，長(chang)(chang)于(yu)(yu)姜水，是農(nong)(nong)業之(zhi)神，醫藥之(zhi)圣，因(yin)以火德王，故名炎(yan)帝，號神農(nong)(nong)氏。 《白虎通號》中記(ji)載(zai)，古之(zhi)人(ren)民(min)(min)皆食禽獸肉，至于(yu)(yu)神農(nong)(nong)，人(ren)民(min)(min)眾多，禽獸不足，于(yu)(yu)是神農(nong)(nong)因(yin)天之(zhi)時，分地(di)(di)之(zhi)利，制(zhi)耒耜，教民(min)(min)農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)，神而化之(zhi)，使民(min)(min)宜之(zhi)，故謂之(zhi)神農(nong)(nong)。炎(yan)帝部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)以寶雞為中心(xin)，沿(yan)渭河向(xiang)四周(zhou)擴展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，向(xiang)西發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到中原(yuan)大地(di)(di)，此處(chu)土地(di)(di)平坦肥沃，氣候濕潤，原(yuan)始農(nong)(nong)業得到長(chang)(chang)遠的發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)開(kai)始定居，開(kai)始建都陳，再遷往魯，建都曲阜，后(hou)來炎(yan)帝部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)與南方的蚩(chi)尤(you)發(fa)生戰爭，求(qiu)助于(yu)(yu)黃帝部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)在涿鹿大敗蚩(chi)尤(you)。以后(hou)炎(yan)黃兩部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)聯盟形(xing)成了(le)華夏(xia)民(min)(min)族(zu)的主體。后(hou)來，炎(yan)帝部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)一部(bu)(bu)(bu)分南遷，足跡兩湖(hu)，一部(bu)(bu)(bu)分仍(reng)留于(yu)(yu)黃河流域融(rong)合(he)于(yu)(yu)其他氏族(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)之(zhi)中，仍(reng)奉(feng)炎(yan)帝為祖。
主要景點
綜述
炎帝陵(ling)分為陵(ling)前區(qu)、祭祀區(qu)、墓冢區(qu)3部分。
陵前區
陵前區從姜(jiang)城堡地區至天(tian)臺山入(ru)口的(de)蒙峪(yu)建有(you)多處古式牌坊，上書(shu)"炎帝(di)故里"、"神農(nong)之鄉"、"神農(nong)門"、"人杰地靈"等(deng)。
祭祀區
進入山門，即進入祭祀區，沿百(bai)米臺階而上，來到陵臺，陵臺處為(wei)山門，門外豎立一塊石碑，上刻"常羊山"三個(ge)大(da)字，為(wei)著名書法(fa)家吳三大(da)的(de)手(shou)跡。
登上(shang)山(shan)頂(ding)，便到了仰(yang)首(shou)亭(ting)(ting)，亭(ting)(ting)內和亭(ting)(ting)旁各有一塊清代碑石(shi)，碑上(shang)刻(ke)有"常養育(yu)炎"和"山(shan)海鎮 "，其(qi)中后(hou)者為清嘉慶三(san)年重(zhong)修(xiu)城(cheng)池的遺(yi)石(shi)。
炎帝廟
炎(yan)帝(di)(di)廟，大殿(dian)面闊5間，左右兩邊(bian)的對(dui)聯(lian)為(wei)(wei)書(shu)法(fa)家茹桂所書(shu)"創始定有(you)(you)人(ren)千(qian)載歧黃崇炎(yan)帝(di)(di)，流(liu)傳安天據八(ba)方(fang)稼穡念神農(nong)"，表達(da)了對(dui)炎(yan)帝(di)(di)的崇敬之(zhi)情。殿(dian)前為(wei)(wei)祭祀廣場(chang)(chang)，可容(rong)納千(qian)人(ren)祭祀。廣場(chang)(chang)兩側分別(bie)建有(you)(you)鼓(gu)亭和(he)鐘亭。正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)面積400平方(fang)米(mi)，高(gao)12米(mi)，為(wei)(wei)清式廡殿(dian)。殿(dian)堂正(zheng)(zheng)中為(wei)(wei)炎(yan)帝(di)(di)座像，像高(gao)4.5米(mi)，目光(guang)炯(jiong)炯(jiong)，莊重慈祥。殿(dian)內兩側壁(bi)上分別(bie)繪有(you)(you)有(you)(you)關炎(yan)帝(di)(di)的大型壁(bi)畫，分別(bie)為(wei)(wei)常羊(yang)育炎(yan)、浴(yu)圣九(jiu)龍、農(nong)業之(zhi)神、太陽之(zhi)神、醫藥之(zhi)神、炎(yan)帝(di)(di)結(jie)盟(meng)，講述了炎(yan)帝(di)(di)的生平和(he)功績。
穿過祭祀區，便進(jin)入墓冢區。沿著長(chang)長(chang)的陵道拾級而上(shang)，兩邊(bian)塑立著百代帝王(wang)(wang)石像，總共16位，依歷史順序依次排列為：堯、舜、禹、啟、夏桀、成湯、盤庚、紂王(wang)(wang)、周(zhou)(zhou)文王(wang)(wang)、周(zhou)(zhou)武王(wang)(wang)、周(zhou)(zhou)幽王(wang)(wang)、周(zhou)(zhou)平王(wang)(wang)、鄭(zheng)莊公、齊桓公、秦穆公、宋襄公等。
沿著(zhu)陵(ling)的道一直向上，便來到了(le)氣勢(shi)雄渾、莊嚴(yan)肅穆的炎(yan)帝陵(ling)前(qian)。這(zhe)里就是炎(yan)黃(huang)子(zi)孫拜(bai)謁(ye)先祖的圣(sheng)地。"炎(yan)帝陵(ling)"三(san)字飄逸(yi)灑脫，為全國書協(xie)名譽主席啟功所題。
每年農歷7月7日(ri)及清明(ming)節的(de)炎(yan)帝(di)(di)祭(ji)日(ri)，海內外各(ge)界民眾聚于炎(yan)帝(di)(di)陵及炎(yan)帝(di)(di)祠進行盛大的(de)公祭(ji)儀式，共同拜祭(ji)人文初祖--炎(yan)帝(di)(di)。
地理位置
炎帝陵，位于陜西省寶雞市渭濱區(qu)神農鎮境內的常羊山之上。
珍惜時光 
